Objective: To understand the prevalence of alcohol drinking in 20-79 years old males with different educational backgrounds and smoking behaviors in different areas of China. Methods: A multi-stage cluster random sampling survey was conducted in 150 surveillance sites in 2010-2012 Chinese nutrition and health surveillance in China. At least 1 000 subjects were selected in each surveillance site. Alcohol drinking prevalence and pattern information were collected by using personal health and food frequency questionnaire in face to face interviews. Results: A total of 60 791 males aged 20-79 years were surveyed. The prevalence of alcohol drinking was 57.8% (58.3% in rural area, 57.3% in urban area). The mean daily alcohol intake level was 32.7 g (33.3 g in rural area, 32.1 g in urban area). The rate of almost drinking every day and daily alcohol intake level were highest among males aged 50-59 years. Mean daily alcohol intake level, rate of almost drinking every day and excessive drinking decreased with the increase of education level. Non-smokers had higher rate of never drinking and lower prevalence of drinking and excessive drinking, lower mean daily alcohol intake level, and lower rate of almost drinking every day compared with current and past smokers. Conclusions: Alcohol drinking was common in males aged 20-79 years in China, and, the difference was not obvious between rural residents and urban residents. The differences in daily intake level of different alcohol drinks among males with different characteristics had certain significance. Significant difference in excessive drinking was found among different age groups, those with different education levels and those with different smoking history.
Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology* ; Asian People ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Rural Population ; Smoking/epidemiology* ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: To understand the prevalence of alcohol drinking and influencing factors in female adults in China. Methods: At the 150 survey sites where 2010-2012 Chinese nutrition and health surveillance was conducted, a face to face questionnaire survey was conducted in female adults selected through multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. Sample weights was assigned to each participant based on the study design by using national population census data in 2009. The complex sampling and unconditional multivariate logistics regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors for the prevalence of alcohol drinking in the female adults. Results: A total of 75 518 participants were included in this study. The prevalence of drinking in female adults was 13.9% (95%CI: 11.7-16.2) in urban area and 13.3% (95%CI: 9.4-17.2) in rural area. The prevalence of frequent drinking was 13.9% (95%CI: 9.9-17.9) in women in urban area and 14.2% (95%CI: 10.8-17.6) in women in rural area. The prevalence of excessive drinking was 11.1% (95%CI: 7.5-14.8) in women in urban area and 12.8% (95%CI: 9.1-16.4) in women in rural area. The prevalence of wine drinking in women in urban area was significantly higher than in women in rural and had positive correlation with income and education levels. The social and economic factors influencing drinking behavior of the female adults included occupation, drinking behaviors of family members and smoking behavior. Those who were engaged in agriculture, production and transportation (OR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.56-0.94, P=0.016), housework (OR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.44-0.78, P<0.001) and other work (OR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.43-0.85, P=0.004) had lower drinking prevalence. Whereas those whose family members had drinking behavior (OR=2.66, 95%CI: 2.17-3.26, P<0.001) and those who were current smokers (OR=4.32, 95%CI: 2.95-6.34, P<0.01) had higher drinking prevalence. Conclusions: The prevalence of drinking, frequent alcohol drinking and excessive drinking were relatively low in female adults in China. Occupation, drinking behaviors of family members and smoking behavior were the main factors influencing the prevalence drinking behavior in female adults in China.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology* ; Asian People ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Sex Distribution ; Urban Population

Objective: To investigate the effect of chemokine CX3C receptor 1 (CX3CR1) on human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells and its probable machanism. Methods: Hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells were transfected with the recombinant adenovirus Ad-siCX3CR1 targeting and silencing CX 3CR 1 gene. Then the expression of CX3CR1 was detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. The proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of Huh7 cells were tested by MTT, flow cytometry, wound-healing and Transwell assay, respectively. The expression and phosphorylation of Akt which was related to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signal pathway were detected by Western blotting. Meanwhile, Huh7 cells transfected with AdsiCX3CR1 were treated with different concentrations of PI3K inhibitor LY294002, then the expression of Akt and cell invasion ability induced by CX3CR1 were detected by Western blotting and Transwell assay, respectively. Results: After Ad-siCX3CR1 was stably transfected into Huh7 cells, the expression of CX3CR1 was significantly inhibited (P < 0.001), and the cell proliferation and migration and invasion abilities were significantly increased (P < 0.001), but the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). When the expression of CX3CR1 was silenced, the level of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) in Huh7 cells was increased (P < 0.001), and LY294002 could reverse CX3CR1-induced phosphorylation of Akt and invasion of Huh7 cells effectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion: CX 3CR 1 gene silencing can promote proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells, and also can suppress their apoptosis. The activation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may be involved in this process.

Biomarkers are very useful in the diagnosis and identification of neurocognitive impairments (NCIs) or disorders (NCDs) in HIV-infected individuals, and in particular, blood biomarkers have become more promising because they are cheap and easy to obtain or accept. A systematically literature retrieval was conducted by using PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases for studies about blood biomarkers of neurocognitive impairment of HIV-infected individuals in 2008-2017, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, a total of 43 related articles were included for this systematic review for the purpose of providing scientific evidence for further research and clinical practices.
Adult ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis* ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Neurocognitive Disorders/diagnosis*

Objective: To explore the relationship between meat consumption and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Chinese adults aged ≥18 years. Methods: The data were obtained from 2010- 2012 National Nutrition and Health Survey. A total of 34 923 subjects who completed the dietary survey, the physical examination and had the testing results of blood sugar and blood lipid levels were enrolled in this study. MS was defined according to the diagnostic criteria of China Diabetes Society 2013. The prevalence ratios of MS and each form of MS and related 95%CI were calculated after post stratification weight according to the population data (2009) released by the national bureau of statistics. Results: The average meat intake among subjects was 94.8 g/d. People who had meat consumption between 100 g/d and 199 g/d had the lowest prevalence of MS, abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia. As the meat consumption increased, the prevalence of MS in men increased. Men who had meat consumption of ≥300 g/d had a higher risk of MS than those who had low level of meat consumption, with prevalence ratio equaled to 1.46 (95%CI: 1.14~1.87). Similar trend was not observed in women. Conclusion: Moderate intake of meat is associated with reduced risk of MS in Chinese adults.
Adolescent ; Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meat ; Metabolic Syndrome/ethnology* ; Obesity, Abdominal/ethnology* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

Objective: To investigate the drinking status and associated factors in adults in China. Methods: Based on the 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS), a total of 135 824 participants aged ≥18 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to investigate the associated factors for drinking status. Results: The overall drinking rate was 30.5% in Chinese adults, 53.8% in men, and 12.2% in women. The excessive drinking rate was 14.0% in men and 1.1% in women. The daily drinking rate was 25.7% in men and 10.9% in women. Men mainly consumed multi-type wines, but women preferred beer. The overall harmful drinking rate was 7.1%. The excessive drinking rate, daily drinking rate, and harmful drinking rate increased first but then declined with age. All the four rates were positively related with physical activity. Conclusions: The drinking rate, excessive drinking rate, daily drinking rate and harmful drinking rate were high in adults in China. Drinking status was associated with age, sex, marital status, education level, smoking status and physical activity.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology* ; Alcoholism/epidemiology* ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Smoking/epidemiology*

Objective: To understand the prevalence of major human parasitic diseases and related factors in Henan province. Methods: This stratified sampling survey was carried out according to the requirement of national survey protocol of major human parasitic diseases, 2014-2015. The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths infection, taeniasis and intestinal protozoiasis were surveyed in 104 sites selected from 35 counties (districts) and the prevalence of clonorchiasis was surveyed in 62 sites selected from 37 townships. In each survey spot, 250 persons were surveyed. A total of 26 866 persons and 15 893 persons were surveyed. Modified Kato-Katz thick smear was used to detect the eggs of intestinal helminthes. Tube fecal culture was used to identify the species of hookworm. The Enterobius eggs were detected in children aged 3 to 6 years by using adhesive tape. The cyst and trophozoite of intestinal protozoa were examined with physiological saline direct smear method and iodine stain method. Results: The overall infestation rate of intestinal parasites was2.02% in Henan, and the worm infection rate was higher than protozoa infection rate. Fourteen kinds of intestinal parasites were found, including nematode (5 species), trematode (2 species), and protozoan (7 species). The infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was highest, and Qinba Mountain ecological area had the highest infestation rate of intestinal parasites in 4 ecological areas of Henan. There was no significant difference in intestinal parasite infection rate between males and females (χ(2)=3.630, P=0.057), and the differences in intestinal parasite infection rate among different age groups had significance (χ(2)=124.783, P=0.000 1). The infection rate reached the peak in age group ≤9 years and the major parasite was Enterobius vermicularis. Furthermore the overall human infection rate of parasite showed a downward trend with the increase of educational level of the people (χ(2)=70.969, P=0.000 1), the differences had significance (χ(2)=120.118, P=0.000 1). For different populations, the infection rate of intestinal parasites was highest among preschool children. The infection of intestinal helminth was mainly mild, only 2 severe cases were detected. The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis in urban residents was only 0.006%. Logistic regression analysis showed that being preschool children (χ(2)=15.765, P=0.000 1) and drinking well water (χ(2)=45.589, P=0.000 1) were the risk factors for intestinal parasite infection, and annual income per capita of farmers was the protective factor against intestinal parasite infection. The infection rates of protozoa and intestinal parasites decreased sharply compared with the results of previous two surveys, and the rate of intestinal helminth infection also dropped sharply compared with the second survey. The numbers of protozoa, helminth and intestinal parasites detected in this survey were all less than the numbers found in the previous two surveys. Conclusions: Compared the results of three surveys in Henan, the infection rate of protozoa and intestinal parasites showed a downward trend. The prevention and treatment of Enterobius vermicularis infection in children should be the key point of parasitic disease control in the future.
Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Clonorchiasis/epidemiology* ; Farmers ; Feces/parasitology* ; Female ; Helminthiasis/epidemiology* ; Helminths ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology* ; Male ; Prevalence ; Protective Factors ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Soil Microbiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Taeniasis/epidemiology* ; Trematode Infections/parasitology* ; Urban Population ; Water Wells

OBJECTIVE： To improve the efficiency and accuracy of checking total parenteral mutrition （TPN） prescription. METHODS： Excel vba technology was used to edit vba code and construct TPN prescription algorithm. The key indicators and standard of TPN prescription checking were determined. Established algorithm was used to check the prescriptions from PIVAS of our hospital in May 2018， results of which was compared with the results of manual checking （using potassium concentration， monovalent cation concentration and alanyl-glutamine combined with amino acid as indexes）. RESULTS： TPN prescription algorithm was established through confirming 17 key indicators as glycolipid ratio， heat-nitrogen ratio， monovalent cation concentration， the checking standard was set as. It took 15 seconds to check 2 638 TPN prescriptions received within one month in PIVAS of our hospital； 449 irrational prescriptions （excessive dose， incompatibility， inappropriate proportion and volume of nutrition） of them and reasons had been marked out. By comparing 3 evaluation indexes， 1， 1， 0 irrational prescriptions were checked by manually and 4， 12， 4 checked by established algorithm， respectively. CONCLUSIONS： TPN prescription algorithm can check prescription in batches based on Excel vba technology， and mark out the substandard prescription automatically. Hereby， it improves the efficiency and accuracy of TPN prescriptions by PIVAS.

INTRODUCTIONThis study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the incidence of falls among individuals with stroke living in the community one year after discharge from a rehabilitation hospital in Singapore.

METHODSA cross-sectional telephone survey of individuals with stroke living in the community was carried out one year after discharge. The interview covered aspects such as incidence and circumstances of fall, use of walking aids, and presence of environmental obstacles. Each participant's case record was retrospectively reviewed using discharge Fugl-Meyer (FM) assessment of the upper and lower limbs, functional independence measure (FIM) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS).

RESULTSA total of 126 individuals with stroke were interviewed. Overall, 24% fell in the year following their discharge. Factors associated with falls were longer length of hospital stay, lower BBS and lower-limb FM scores, and lower discharge FIM scores for the Bladder and Bowel Management, Transfer, Mobility, Communication, and Social Cognition domains (p < 0.05). The fallers were more likely to use walking aids, and required help with basic activities of daily living after discharge (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only the Transfer domain was an independent factor for falls.

CONCLUSIONDischarge FIM outcomes, especially for the Transfer domain, can be used to identify communitydwelling individuals with stroke who have a high fall risk after discharge. Identification of such individuals will enable early fall prevention management, which will in turn minimise fall events in the community.

Accidental Falls ; statistics & numerical data ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disability Evaluation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Discharge ; Postural Balance ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Stroke ; complications ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Stroke Rehabilitation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Aluminum ; Bone Diseases ; Fluorides ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Radiography