Inhalation injury is caused by inhalation of heat, toxic or irritating gases which lead to respiratory and pulmonary parenchyma damage. At present, the clinical understanding about it is still limited and lack of effective diagnosis and treatment standard. Based on the experience of diagnosis and treatment of domestic inhalation injury, combined with reports of international researches, criteria (expert consensus) for inhalation injury were systematically discussed from pathological and pathophysiological changes, clinical diagnosis and evaluation, and clinical treatment, which provides reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients inflicted with inhalation injury.
Burns, Inhalation ; Consensus ; Humans ; Lung ; Smoke Inhalation Injury ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective: To understand the characteristics of HIV infected persons without long term disease progress [also known as long term non-progressors (LTNPs)], and related factors in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi). Methods: Data of persons living with HIV and receiving no antiretroviral therapy in Guangxi by the end of 2016 were collected from the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive control and prevention information system of China. Results: By the end of 2016, there were 313 LTNPs in Guangxi, accounting for 2.3% of those being reported for more than 10 years, 5.4% of those being reported for more than 10 years and surviving, and 26.6% of those being reported for more than 10 years, surviving and receiving no antiretroviral therapy. Among the LTNPs, 87.2%(273) were men, 94.9% (297) were aged ≤ 40 years, 32.3% (101) were farmers, 55.6% (174) were single, divorced or widowed, 69.3% (217) were of Han ethnic group, 68.1% (213) were injecting drug users, and 52.1% (163) were from custody facilities. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that factors associated with delayed disease progression included age ≤40 years (compared with age >40 years, aOR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.31-3.12) and injection drug use (compared with sexual transmission, aOR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.10-1.74). Conclusions: A number of LTNPs existed in HIV-infected individuals in Guangxi. Further research are needed to identify the related factors, and it is necessary to conduct large sample size studies on host immunology, genetics and the virology of HIV to explore the related mechanism.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; China/epidemiology* ; Drug Users/statistics & numerical data* ; Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data* ; HIV Infections/ethnology* ; Humans ; Male ; Socioeconomic Factors

Inhalation injury is caused by inhalation of heat, toxic or irritating gases which lead to respiratory and pulmonary parenchyma damage. At present, the clinical understanding about it is still limited and lack of effective diagnosis and treatment standard. Based on the experience of diagnosis and treatment of domestic inhalation injury, combined with reports of international researches, criteria (expert consensus) for inhalation injury were systematically discussed from pathological and pathophysiological changes, clinical diagnosis and evaluation, and clinical treatment, which provides reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients inflicted with inhalation injury.
Burns, Inhalation ; Consensus ; Humans ; Lung ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Smoke Inhalation Injury ; diagnosis ; therapy

Genes play an important role in the immune system response, and different gene loci may result in different vaccine immune response rates. This review focuses on the correlation between gene polymorphisms and vaccine immune response in order to investigate the influence of gene polymorphisms on the immune response to vaccines. It discusses the effect of an individual's immune response after vaccination at genetic level and provides a scientific basis for individualized immune development strategies. It reveals that human leukocyte antigen genes, various cytokines and their receptor genes, and Toll-like receptor genes all affect the vaccine immune response.
Cytokines ; Genetic Variation/immunology* ; Humans ; Immune System ; Immunity/physiology* ; Immunity, Active/immunology* ; Immunogenetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Vaccination ; Vaccines/immunology*

Aged ; Anxiety ; Health Status ; Humans ; Nurses ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology* ; Workplace Violence

Due to the tumor malignancy or immunosuppressive treatment, patients with cancer in general are more susceptible to vaccine-preventable infections. The types, timing, dose of vaccination or even the immunization program for them may differ from those for the normal persons. At present, it is recommended to use inactivated vaccines for patients with cancer rather than attenuated live vaccines, Vaccinations should be avoided during immunosuppressive therapy; patients with cancer should receive double dosage of hepatitis B vaccines and two doses of inactivated influenza vaccines yearly. This paper summarizes the progress in clinical trials of vaccination for cancer patients in foreign countries, and provide reference for the development and implementation of vaccination strategy for cancer patients in China.
China ; Humans ; Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Research ; Vaccination/trends*

Objective: To estimate the incidence and distribution characteristics of fall related injury in people aged ≥50 years in 8 provinces in China and related physiological, psychological and social risk factors. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from adults aged ≥50 years participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) round 1 in China. Two-level hierarchical logistic model was used to identify the related factors for fall-related injury. All the models were stratified by living area (urban/rural). Results: Estimated incidence of fall related injury (road traffic injury was not included) was 3.2%. Ageing and multiple chronic conditions (OR=2.55, 95%CI: 1.41-4.64) was significantly associated with the incidence of fall related injury in urban area. In rural area, depression (OR=4.33, 95% CI: 2.52-7.42) and multiple chronic conditions (OR=2.46, 95%CI: 1.37-4.41) were associated with the incidence of fall related injury. Conclusions: This study estimated the incidence of fall related injury in adults aged ≥50 years in 8 provinces in China. A significant association between multiple chronic conditions and fall related injury were found in both urban and rural residents. Targeted measures should be taken for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in elderly population.
Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; China ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Wounds and Injuries/etiology*

Humans ; B7-H1 Antigen ; Neoplasms/genetics*

From September 2017 to February 2018, 650 disabled children and adolescents aged 6-to 17-year-old in Beijing were matched 1∶1 to those in normal physical condition with same age, gender and place of residence. All children and adolescents were investigated for self-injury status in the last year to understand the difference of self-injury incidence between groups. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was applied for exploring relevant factors of self-injury of children and adolescents. This study found that the disability, insufficient sleep, difficulty falling asleep, and sleeping late were associated with self-injury of children and adolescents.
Adolescent ; Beijing ; epidemiology ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disabled Children ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Self-Injurious Behavior ; epidemiology ; Sleep