The study is aimed to distinguish morphological characteristics of Dalbergiae Lignum collected from crude drug's markets and establish a identification methods and the quality standard for Dalbergiae Lignum. The macroscopic and microscopic features of Dalbergiae Lignum from crude drug's market were observed, analyzed and compared according to Hongmu specification issued by the People's Republic of China in 2000, and by the characteristics recorded in domestic monograph of Mucai Shibie (wood identification). The redwood of Dalbergiae Lignum cut into small pieces as medicinal material are dry heart wood of mahogany (trees from Dalbergia sp.), which characteristics of the small pieces as crude drug are different. There are differences in macroscopic and microscopic features about texture of wood and color, odor, taste, transverse section, radial section, tangential section. The results can provide basis for identification, application and improment of the quality standard of Dalbergiae Lignum as medicinal material.
China ; Dalbergia ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; classification ; Herbal Medicine ; economics ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; Quality Control ; Xylem ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo find the difference of the shapes and properties and the microscopic frameworks between wild and cultivated Radix Saposhnikovia.

METHODThe shapes and properties, the characters of transverse section, the powder and disintegrated tissue of roots of medical materials were compared by microscopic measuring.

RESULTWild Radix Saposhnikovia had a long conical or cylindrical root, and fewer root branches. It showed a close annulus grain on top root, cortical section of root in light brown colour, many brown oil spots and possessed typical odor, While cultivated Radix Saposhnikovia had many root branches, and showed less annulus grain on top root, cortical section of root in light yellow brown colour, less brown oil spots and possessed light odor. The difference of microscopic histological structure was that wild Radix Saposhnikovia had phloem transverse section of root with many rotundity oil tube lining up 10-22 rings, xylem vessel with radiate rank, and indistinct annual ring. While cultivated Radix Saposhnikovia had phloem transverse section of root with oil tube lining up 10-11 rings and xylem vessel with distinct annual ring.

CONCLUSIONThere exists several differences between wild and cultivated Radix Saposhnikovia in shapes and properties and differences of microscopic frameworks. The main characteristics are the differences of shapes and numbers of oil tube of phloem transverse section of root. The cultivated Radix Saposhnikovia of 1-4 years can be recognized by annual rings of xylem vessel.

Apiaceae ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; cytology ; Microscopy ; Phloem ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; cytology ; Plant Roots ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; cytology ; Xylem ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo study the content variation of triptolide in medicinal material of Tripterygium and provide theoretical basis for the hereditary improvement, the gathering and process, the quality evaluation and the provenance division in medicinal material of Tripterygium.

METHODHPLC method was used to determine the content of triptolide.

RESULTThe relations between triptolide and germplasm, growth year, gathering season were found out basically.

CONCLUSIONThe triptolide contents in xylem are affected by hereditary factors remarkably. While the triptolide contents in phloem are not affected obviously. The accumulation of triptolide needs the certain growth years. However when growth is beyond certain years, the triptolide content decreases with the disintegration of secondary metabolism in xylem. The triptolide in xylem is highest in winter and decreasing in growing season. The triptolide in phloem is less affected by the season.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diterpenes ; analysis ; metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Epoxy Compounds ; analysis ; metabolism ; Phenanthrenes ; analysis ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Seasons ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors ; Tripterygium ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Xylem ; chemistry

No abstract available.
Abscess ; Enterobacteriaceae* ; Wood*

No abstract available.
Abscess ; Enterobacteriaceae* ; Wood*

Objective: In order to understand the dust concentration in the workplace of dust exposure enterprises in Shenxian. To evaluate the degree of occupational hazard factors of dust exposure enterprises. And provide basis for the formulation of occupational protection standards and management system of dust exposure enterprises. Methods: In February 2022, the dust concentration monitoring data of 89 dust exposure enterprises from 2017 to 2020 by the Shenxian Center for Disease Control and Prevention were collected, and the qualified rates of dust concentration detection of dust exposure enterprises in different years, dust types and enterprise sizes were analyzed. Results: A total of 89 dust enterprises were monitored from 2017 to 2020, 2132 dust samples were collected, and 1818 qualified samples were taken, with a total qualified rate of 85.3%. From 2017 to 2020, the dust detection qualified rates showed a year-by-year increase trend, 78.7% (447/568), 84.1% (471/560), 88.6% (418/472) and 90.6% (482/532), respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ(2)=36.27, P=0.003). The differences in the qualified rates of dust detection samples of silicon dust (66.1%, 41/62), grain dust (86.7%, 1549/1786), cotton dust (84.1%, 106/126) and wood dust (77.2%, 122/158) were statistically significant (χ(2)=29.66, P=0.002). The qualified rate of dust samples in large and medium-sized enterprises (95.1%, 1194/1256) was higher than that of small-sized enterprises (71.2%, 624/876), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=1584.40, P=0.001) . Conclusion: The qualified rate of dust concentration monitoring results of dust exposure enterprises in Shenxian showed an increase trend year by year, while the pualified rate of dust concentration monitoring in small-sized enterprises was low, and the occupational hazard of silica dust was still severe.
Dust ; Silicon ; Wood ; Workplace

Most known species in the Physalacriaceae are saprotrophs that grow on decaying leaves and wood, and approximately 21 genera in the Physalacriaceae have been reported worldwide. During an ongoing survey of indigenous fungi in Korea, four specimens belonging to the Physalacriaceae were collected on Ulleung Island. These specimens were identified as three species based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of rDNA-internal transcribed spacer sequences. Three species in three genera were shown to be new records in Korea: Hymenopellis orientalis, Paraxerula hongoi, and Ponticulomyces orientalis. The latter two are the first records of these genera in Korea. In this study, we provide detailed morphological descriptions of these species and describe their phylogenetic position within the Physalacriaceae.
Fungi ; Korea* ; Wood

Dissolving pulp consists of high purity cellulose and is widely used to as raw materials for the production of regenerated cellulose fiber, cellulose ester and cellulose ether. The characteristic of dissolving pulp affects greatly the production and processing performance of subsequent products. The α-cellulose content, hemicellulose content, pulp viscosity, ash, transition metal ion content, fiber morphology, molecular weight distribution of cellulose and the reactivity are the important properties. Because of its green, mild and high efficiency, the application of enzymes in improving the properties of dissolving pulp has a promising application prospect and has been researched significantly. In this review, the main properties of dissolving pulp are presented first, followed by a recommendation of the enzymes to improve these properties. The application and current research of cellulase and xylanase in improving the properties of dissolving pulp are emphasized. The main problems and the future research areas in improving the properties of dissolving pulp by enzymes are revealed. Finally, the technology prospects in this field are proposed.
Cellulase ; Molecular Weight ; Viscosity ; Wood

Dermatophytes invade and destroy keratinized tissues of the skin, hairs and nails by keratinase. They are classified in 3 anamorphic genera, Epidermophyton, Microspoorum and Trichophyon, depending on their macroconidial characteristics. They have characteristic morphology of macroconidia and microconidia, and arrangement of microconidia. Dermatophytes can be divided into 3 groups, anthropophilic, zoophilic and geophilic, depending on their natural habits. By hair invasion behaviors, they can be divided into endothrix and ectothrix, and have different patters under Wood lamp illumiantion. Growth characteristics of fungi are important on identification. Important features of fungal colonies are growth rate at 25 ~30, color, topography, texture and pattern of colony folding. Nine species of dermatophytes have been identified in Korea and their chatracteristics were reviewed.
Arthrodermataceae* ; Epidermophyton ; Fungi ; Hair ; Korea ; Skin ; Wood

The investigation was performed on employees and workers who contact with chemicals at 9 institutions using various substances in the process of production of paint, rubber, shoe and wood articles in Ha Noi, Hai Phong and Da Nang. Results showed that the current regulations were not complied preserve and use of chemical substance, without emergency equipments available for working staff and environment. A high rate of workers had not been educate on chemical safety and a high rate of work place and facilities had not guideline for using chemical substances.
Chemistry/manpower ; Paint ; Rubber ; Shoes ; Wood