Objective Observe the changes of cytokine and immunoglobulin in children with Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) infected by Enterovirus 71 (EV71),to explore the significance of inflammation and immunological mechanisms.Methods A total of 65 cases of children with HFMD by EV71 were taken as the observation group,and 65 cases of healthy children were as the control group in June 2015-August 2016.The serum levels of IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the levels of IgA,IgG,IgM were detected by immune scattering turbidimetric.Results Compared with control group,the levels of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α in observation group were significantly increased (t=7.94,6.87,9.56,P ＜ 0.01),the levels of IgA,IgG and IgM also increased,differences were statistically significant (t =6.71,7.96,8.39,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The inflammatory cytokines and immune imbalance in the development of HFMD play an important role,observe the dynamic changes of IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α,IgA,IgG and IgM levels has certain clinical application value in preventing and judging the state of HFMD.

Objective To investigate the correlation between immune cell function and the infection after renal transplantation through monitoring of immune function intracellular ATP by Cylex ImmuKnow assay,and explore its significance in individual immunosuppressive therapy of renal transplantion recipients.Method We collected 44 renal transplant patients suffered from pulmonary infection from January 2014 to March 2015.The patients were divided into two groups according to the clinical status,namely,ImmuKnow monitoring group (n =22) and empirical treatment group (n =22).Thirty-two non-infection recipients were collected as controls.All the kidney transplantation recipients received immunosuppressive therapy based on calcineurin inhibitors,mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone,and ATG for induction therapy after transplantatior.The immune cell function levels were measured by Cylex ImmuKnow assay.The whole blood samples were collected before infection onset,at the time of infection,and 1 week after infection resolution.Result When infection occurred,ATP concentrations in CD4+ T cells of the kidney transplant recipients were significantly lower than those in non-infection group [(151.30--71.35 ng/mL vs.(308.34 ± 141.29 ng/mL,P＜0.05).When the infection got controlled,the ATP concentrations in CD4+ T cells increased to those before infection occurred.The average hospitalization time in ImmuKnow monitoring group was 12.27 ± 0.74 days,which was significantly shorter than in empirical treatment group (16.64 ± 1.98 days,P＜ 0.05).The incidence of acute rejection was 4.5％ in ImmuKnow monitoring group,and 13.6％ in empirical treatment group (P＞0.05).Conclusion The examination of ATP in CD4+ T cells by Cylex Immuknow assay could reflect the status of cellular immunity,provide reliable and objective basis for the diagnosis and treatment of infection after renal transplantation,and guide the clinical individualized immunosuppressive therapy.

Objective To explore the significance of serum CD30 in predicting acute rejection in kidney transplant recipients.Method A total of 106 kidney transplant recipients were recruited in this prospective six months follow-up study from December 2010 to October 2012.According to the clinical outcome,the subjects were devided into stable renal function group (72 cases) and acute rejection group (34 cases).Twenty healthy subjects were choosed as controls.Serum sCD30 levels were detected by ELISA.The whole peripheral blood samples were collected from all recipients before transplantation,at days 7,14,21 and 28 post-transplantation,and at months 2,3,4,5 and 6 posttransplantation.Additional blood samples were collected for on the days that acute rejection occurred and reversed.Result Preoperative serum sCD30 levels were 33.42 ± 11.49 and 26.5 1 ± 13.70μg/L in AR group and stable group respectively.When acute rejection occurred,serum sCD30 levels in AR group was 50.38 ± 12.10μg/L,which was significantly higher than stable group (20.03 ± 6.68μg/L,P＜0.05) and healthy control group (13.57 ± 5.56 ng/L,P＜0.05).After the anti-rejection therapy,serum sCD30 levels decreased to 15.31 ± 6.37μg/L,which was lower than that before the therapy started (50.38± 12.10 μg/L,P＜0.05).Elevated preoperative serum sCD30 levels suggested a higher risk of acute rejection in kidney transplant recipients,with Cutoff values of 24.96 μg/L,and the sensitivity and specificity were 91.30％ and 84.21％ respectively.Conclusion Serum sCD30 levels can predict and assess the risks of rejection episodes in kidney transplant recipients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reconstruction method of lateral attic wall with tragal cartilage and temporalis fascia graft. And analyze the postoperative result of its clinical application. METHOD: From Jan 2005 to Jul 2014, 45 patients whose middle ear disease were limited to attic received this surgery in our department. Among 31 cases of cholesteatoma otitis media and 14 cases of external auditory canal cholesteatoma were included. In order to expose the attic fully, we operated epitympanotomy through retroauricular incision and then removed the scutum and lateral attic bone wall. After eliminating the lesions, we reconstructed the lateral attic bone wall with tragal cartilage, covered the cartilage with temporalis fascia and then repaired the tympanic membrane and external ear canal skin. After surgery, all patients were followed up at 10 days, 1 month, 2 months, 6 months and 1 year. RESULT: Two months after surgery, 45 patients' achieved one-stage wound healing. Six months later, all of the patients' operation area had epithelized completely. After 1 year, 37 patients had recovered the normal shapes and stable audition; 7 cases patients have different level tympanic membrane retraction; 1 patient suffered from tympanic membrane retraction and recurrent cholesteatoma. CONCLUSION With regard to the lesion limited to the attic, we can remove it by operating epitympanotomy through retroauricular incision, and then reconstruct the lateral attic wall with tragal cartilage and temporalis fascia. By the support of the cartilage, we can keep the epitympanic aeration, reduce the retraction of pars flaccida membrana tympani, and maintain the fundamental shape of lateral attic wall.
Cartilage ; transplantation ; Cholesteatoma ; surgery ; Ear Auricle ; Ear Canal ; Ear Diseases ; surgery ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Fascia ; transplantation ; Humans ; Mastoid ; Otitis Media ; surgery ; Tympanic Membrane ; surgery ; Tympanic Membrane Perforation ; surgery

Objective To investigate the clinical value of color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) for evaluating transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS).Methods Clinical and ultrasonographic data of 216 kidney transplant recipients were collected by follow-up monitoring from September 2015 to July 2016.CDFI indexes included the peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the renal artery and resistant index (RI).Renal artery PSV and RI were measured.All suspected TRAS patients accepted transplant renal artery angiography (DSA).Results Fourteen patients with suspected TRAS accepted DSA,of which 12 patients were confirmed.The diagnostic accuracy of CDFI was 85.7％.When the POST-PSV ratio＞ 1 0,the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of TRAS were 91 ％ and 95 ％,respectively.CDFI indexes remarkably changed after the TRAS patients had undergone renal artery dilatation or stent implantation.PSV of the main renal artery and the POST-PSV ratio decreased significantly,and the PSV of interlobar arteries increased.Conclusions CDFI is a reliable first choice for screening transplant renal artery stenosis.The POST-PSV ratio has relatively higher sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of TRAS.

Monopolar spindle 1, also known as threonine and tyrosine kinase (TTK), is a key component of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). It is considered to be a monitoring mechanism to ensure mitotic fidelity and genomic stability. TTK is overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors, and patients with low expression of TTK tend to have a longer survival time, suggesting that it may be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. Abnormal expression of TTK often impairs the function of SAC, resulting in irregular mitosis, increased aneuploidy and mitotic disaster, thus promoting the occurrence of tumors. Current studies have shown that TTK inhibitors can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to therapy in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy to achieve sensitization and attenuated effects. This article will review the research and application of TTK and its inhibitors in malignant tumors.

Objective To analyze the expression of serum carbohydrate antigen 153(CA153) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in the cervical cancer patients. Methods 72 cases of cervix neoplasms patients received from Jun 2010 to July 2013,were divided into the cervical cancer group(36 cases)and cervical benign lesions group(36 cases)according to different pathological results, 36 cases of healthy women undergoing physical examination at the same time were chosen as control group. The level of serum CA153 and HE4 of above research subjects were detected and analyzed. Results The level of serum CA153 of cervical cancer group(79.6±14.8)U/mL was higher than that of cervical benign lesions group (t=5.17, P<0.05) and control group (t=7.31, P<0.05), there was statistically significant differ-ence; the level of serum HE4 of cervical cancer grou (216.3±8.1) pmol/L was higher that of cervical benign lesions group(t=9.71,P<0.05) and control group (t=11.84, P<0.05), there was statistically significant difference; the posi-tive rate of combined detection was higher than that of single detection, there was statistically significant difference(χ2=4.527,P<0.05); The level of serum CA153 and HE4 in III/IV stage were higher than that in I/II stage, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The level of serum CA153 and HE4 of cervical cancer patients increase significantly. The combined detection of CA153 and HE4 can improve the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accordance rate of cervical cancer prominently,so it has great reference value in the early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.

Objective To study the changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility(EOF)in patients with hypercythemia,pol-ycythemia and anemia under a high altitude environment.Methods A total of 174 outpatients,inpatients and people un-dergoing physical examination in Tibet Autonomous Region People′s Hospital in October 2020 were enrolled and divided into four groups according to hemoglobin levels:the polycythemia group(n=42),the physiologic increase group(n=48),the a-nemia group(n=29)and the healthy control group(n=55).They were compared with 67 anemia patients and 67 healthy people in the laboratory of Peking Union Medical College Hospital in the same period as the plain control group.The classic EOF test method was used to compare the results of each group′s EOF.The concentrations of NaCl solution for starting he-molysis(STH)and NaCl solution for complete hemolysis(CTH)were included,and the data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software.Results There was a significant difference in CTH between Zang and Han healthy people(P＜0.05).STH in high altitude polycythemia group(0.52)was higher than that in high altitude healthy control group(0.48)(P＜0.001).Compared with plain,the median CTH of plateau anemia group(0.36)and plateau health control group(0.36)was signifi-cantly higher than that of plain anemia group(0.28)and plain control group(0.28)(P＜0.001).Multivariate logistic regres-sion analysis showed that plateau region,female polycythemia and anemia were risk factors for STH elevation.Conclusion This study finds that the EOF increases in the plateau population and patients with polycythemia,which provides reference for studying red blood cell disorders and blood transfusion strategy in the plateau region.

Objective To establish and evaluate the application of modified capillary immunotyping for cryoglobulin qualification .Methods Referred to literature and benchwork experience , a modified capillary immunotyping technique was set up for cryoglobulin identification . Seventy-eight cryoglobulin positive specimens were collected by a standard method in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2016 to July 2017.Thirty-nine samples were identified the type of the cryoglobulin simultaneously by modified capillary immunotyping ( CI ) and immunofixation electrophoresis ( IFE ) .Results Using the modified capillary immunotyping method , the types of cryoglobulin in seventy-eight specimens were identified.The number of cases decreased in the order of Ⅲ, Ⅱ and Ⅰ type of cryoglobulin .The clinical characteristics coincidence with previous reports .The modified CI method had a dramatic advantage in the speed, clarity, and accuracy of results compared with IFE .The ratio of reportable cases between these two methods was 1:0.87.Conclusion The modified capillary immunotyping was an accurate and easy method for cryoglobulin qualification , and feasible for clinical application .

Objective:To provide normal reference thresholds for clinical dynamic monitoring of the risk of microthrombus during pregnancy, we aimed to establish reference intervals of D-dimer in healthy pregnant women during different periods of gestation in Xi′an.Method:From December 2020 to March 2022, a total of 1502 healthy pregnant women and healthy non-pregnant women (healthy non-pregnant control group) who received routine prenatal examination in Northwest Women and Children′s Hospital were recruited in the study by questionnaire, including 1236 healthy pregnant women and 266 healthy non-pregnant control group. Plasma D-dimer concentration was detected by STA-R Evolution automatic blood coagulation analyzer and the concentration levels of D-dimer in different pregnancies and age groups were calculated using Graph Prism 9.0 software. In addition, 20 samples were collected in each pregnancy to verify the established reference interval.Results:There was no significant difference in plasma D-dimer levels between<30 years old and ≥30 years old at different gestational weeks. Plasma D-dimer level in healthy pregnant women group was significantly higher than that in healthy non-pregnant women group of the same age (P<0.05). With the increase of gestational week, plasma D-dimer level in pregnant women increased significantly, and plasma D-dimer level at different gestational weeks ≤13 weeks, 13+ 1-20 weeks, 20+ 1-27 weeks, 27+ 1-35 weeks, ≥35 +1 week were 0.33 (0.26, 0.47) μg/ml, 0.41 (0.30, 0.51) μg/ml, 0.71 (0.48, 0.94) μg/ml, 0.91 (0.70, 1.27) μg/ml, 1.30 (0.96, 1.72) μg/mlrespectively. Unilateral reference interval acuities were≤0.89 μg/ml, ≤1.53 μg/ml, ≤2.44 μg/ml, ≤2.74 μg/ml, ≤3.82 μg/ml respectively. The reference range established in this study was verified by 20 independent samples from each of the 5 gestational age groups, and the results were acceptable. Conclusion:This study preliminarily established the reference interval of plasma D-dimer in healthy pregnant women at different gestational weeks in Xi ′an area, which is helpful for the auxiliary diagnosis of thrombotic diseases during pregnancy.