Purpose To compare pharmacokineics of puerarin and crude extract in rats.Methods Rats received 500 mg/kg puerarin and puerarin crude extract by oral administration respectively.Hydroxybenzoic acid was selected as internal standard and the plasma concentration of the puerarin and crude extract was analyzed by HPLC.The pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated with DAS2.0.Results The pharmacokinetics of puerarin and puerarin crude extract was both best fitted with two-compartment models in rats after oral administration,and the pharmacokinetics main parameters of the two formulations were different:the AUC_(0-t) and C_(max) of puerarin were much greater than those of puerarin crude extract,but T_(max),t_(1/(2z)),CL/F and V_z/F were much lesser than those of puerarin crude extract.Conclusion The complex components in pueraria crude extract can affect the pharmacokinetics of puerarin in rat in vivo.

Self-made molecule imprinting polymer-solid phase extraction column was used in extracting nerve agent degradation products in rice. The extraction was then examined by capillary electrophoresis. The method was simple, reliable and sensitive. The calibration curve showed a good linearity for the nerve agent degradation products in rice was in the concentration range of 0.2～5.0　μg/g and the detection limits were 0.05μg/g. The RSD of the method was less than 6.2%.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of stent-assisted coil embolization of acutely ruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. Methods One hundred and sixty patients with acutely ruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms (160 ruptured aneurysms), admitted to and underwent stent-assisted coil embolization in our hospital from January 201l to May 2018, were chosen. The clinical data, outcomes and complications of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. The differences of clinical data between patients with and without complications were compared. Modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the prognoses of these patients. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the risk factors of prognoses. Results All 160 stents were successfully released. Complete occlusion after endovascular procedures was achieved in 127 patients (79.4％); 17 aneurysms (10.6％) had neck residual and 16 aneurysms (10.0％) had aneurysm residual. Surgery-related complications occurred in 17 patients (10.6％), of which, 6 (3.8％) showed hemorrhagic events and 11 (6.9％) had ischemic events. The distributions of aneurysm sites between patients with ischemia related complications and those without ischemia related complications were statistically different (P<0.05). Poor prognosis was noted in 24 patients (15％) and good prognosis was noted in 136 (85％). The mRS scores, preoperative Hunt-Hess grades and distributions of stent types between patients with good prognosis and patients with poor prognosis were statistically different (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that baseline mRS scores ≥4 (OR=39.000, 95％ CI:10.861-140.038, P=0.000), preoperative Hunt-Hess grading IV-V (OR=13.000, 95％CI: 4.063-41.596, P=0.015), and Solitaire stents placement (OR=3.333, 95％CI: 1.332-8.339, P=0.028) were the independent risk factors for poor clinical outcomes in patients with acutely ruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. Conclusion Stent-assisted coil embolization is suggested to be a safe and efficacious way to treat acutely ruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms, and patients with baseline mRS scores≥4, preoperative Hunt-Hess grading IV-V and Solitaire stents placement are more prone to having poor clinical outcomes.

With the continuous advancement of modern research on tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine,tongue diagnostic equipment plays an undeniable role in promoting the objectification of tongue diagnosis.Traditional Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis is only the subjective judgment of clinical doctors on tongue color,coating,etc.,while digital tongue diagnostic equipment and digital image processing technology can visually display tongue color,coating,etc.through digital representation,obtain the color distribution of the tongue body,saturation,brightness,and other parameter values of tongue color,objectively reflecting physiological and pathological changes in the body.The article briefly introduces the main working principles,technical parameters,image segmentation processing methods,and tongue image analysis techniques of digital tongue diagnostic equipment.It focuses on summarizing the research status of digital tongue diagnostic equipment in promoting the objectification of traditional Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis in some common diseases,and looks forward to the future application and development of digital tongue diagnostic equipment.

Objective To evaluate the impact of diabetes prevalence and mortality on health life expectancy (HLE).Methods A cause-excluded health adjusted life expectancy method was used to quantitatively analyze the impact of diabetes on HLE and the composition of health life losses (HLL),using the integrated data on population mortality,self-assessed health status and diabetes prevalence.Results The HLE for people aged 15 was 55.80 in Zhejiang,in 2013.After removing the diabetes morbidity and mortality,the HLE for men aged 15 increased by 0.86 and 1.13,respectively,with an increase of 1.04 and 0.66 for urban and rural residents.Substantial increase of HLE was observed in women and urban residents than those for men and rural residents.HLL caused by diabetes mortality and morbidity appeared as 0.10 and 0.79,with a ratio of 7.92.Conclusion HLL caused by diabetes mortality was much greater than those caused by diabetes mortality,suggesting the most effective measure in reducing the diabetes-related HLL is to promote the healthy lifestyle in urban areas and especially for women.

Background: In acute and chronic renal inflammatory diseases, the activation of inflammatory cells is involved in the defect of erythropoietin (EPO) production. Ras guanine nucleotide-releasing protein-4 (RasGRP4) promotes renal inflammatory injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of RasGRP4 in the production of renal EPO in diabetes. Methods: The degree of tissue injury was observed by pathological staining. Inflammatory cell infiltration was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Serum EPO levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and EPO production and renal interstitial fibrosis were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of key inflammatory factors and the activation of signaling pathways. In vitro, the interaction between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and C3H10T1/2 cells was investigated via cell coculture experiments. Results: RasGRP4 decreased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF2A) via the ubiquitination–proteasome degradation pathway and promoted myofibroblastic transformation by activating critical inflammatory pathways, consequently reducing the production of EPO in T2DM mice. Conclusion RasGRP4 participates in the production of renal EPO in diabetic mice by affecting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in PBMCs, degrading HIF2A, and promoting the myofibroblastic transformation of C3H10T1/2 cells.

Background: In acute and chronic renal inflammatory diseases, the activation of inflammatory cells is involved in the defect of erythropoietin (EPO) production. Ras guanine nucleotide-releasing protein-4 (RasGRP4) promotes renal inflammatory injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of RasGRP4 in the production of renal EPO in diabetes. Methods: The degree of tissue injury was observed by pathological staining. Inflammatory cell infiltration was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Serum EPO levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and EPO production and renal interstitial fibrosis were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of key inflammatory factors and the activation of signaling pathways. In vitro, the interaction between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and C3H10T1/2 cells was investigated via cell coculture experiments. Results: RasGRP4 decreased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF2A) via the ubiquitination–proteasome degradation pathway and promoted myofibroblastic transformation by activating critical inflammatory pathways, consequently reducing the production of EPO in T2DM mice. Conclusion RasGRP4 participates in the production of renal EPO in diabetic mice by affecting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in PBMCs, degrading HIF2A, and promoting the myofibroblastic transformation of C3H10T1/2 cells.

Background: In acute and chronic renal inflammatory diseases, the activation of inflammatory cells is involved in the defect of erythropoietin (EPO) production. Ras guanine nucleotide-releasing protein-4 (RasGRP4) promotes renal inflammatory injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of RasGRP4 in the production of renal EPO in diabetes. Methods: The degree of tissue injury was observed by pathological staining. Inflammatory cell infiltration was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Serum EPO levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and EPO production and renal interstitial fibrosis were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of key inflammatory factors and the activation of signaling pathways. In vitro, the interaction between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and C3H10T1/2 cells was investigated via cell coculture experiments. Results: RasGRP4 decreased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF2A) via the ubiquitination–proteasome degradation pathway and promoted myofibroblastic transformation by activating critical inflammatory pathways, consequently reducing the production of EPO in T2DM mice. Conclusion RasGRP4 participates in the production of renal EPO in diabetic mice by affecting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in PBMCs, degrading HIF2A, and promoting the myofibroblastic transformation of C3H10T1/2 cells.

Background: In acute and chronic renal inflammatory diseases, the activation of inflammatory cells is involved in the defect of erythropoietin (EPO) production. Ras guanine nucleotide-releasing protein-4 (RasGRP4) promotes renal inflammatory injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of RasGRP4 in the production of renal EPO in diabetes. Methods: The degree of tissue injury was observed by pathological staining. Inflammatory cell infiltration was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Serum EPO levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and EPO production and renal interstitial fibrosis were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of key inflammatory factors and the activation of signaling pathways. In vitro, the interaction between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and C3H10T1/2 cells was investigated via cell coculture experiments. Results: RasGRP4 decreased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF2A) via the ubiquitination–proteasome degradation pathway and promoted myofibroblastic transformation by activating critical inflammatory pathways, consequently reducing the production of EPO in T2DM mice. Conclusion RasGRP4 participates in the production of renal EPO in diabetic mice by affecting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in PBMCs, degrading HIF2A, and promoting the myofibroblastic transformation of C3H10T1/2 cells.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of stent-assisted coil embolization in treatment of acute intracranial rupture wide-necked aneurysms.Methods:A total of 249 patients with acute intracranial wide-necked aneurysms (301 aneurysms) treated with stent-assisted coil embolization in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2018 were chosen in our study; these patients were divided into ruptured group ( n=114) and non-ruptured group ( n=135). The differences in the prognoses (modified Rankin scale [mRS] scores) and perioperative complications, mortality, and aneurysm recurrence rate were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to screen the risk factors for perioperative complications and recurrence of aneurysms in patients from the ruptured group. Results:The incidence of perioperative complications in the ruptured group (10.5%) was slightly higher than that in the un-ruptured group (6.6%), and the recurrence rate of aneurysms in the un-ruptured group (12.8%) was slightly higher than that in the ruptured group (9.6%), but the differences were not statistically significant ( P>0.05); except for 2 patients in the ruptured group who died of postoperative recurrent hemorrhage, the prognosis of the rest patients in the 2 groups was good (mRS scores≤3). Univariate analysis showed that there was significant difference in the age distribution between the complication group and the non-complication group in the ruptured patients ( P<0.05), and the sizes and degrees of embolization between the ruptured group and un-ruptured group showed significant differences ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ages at 40-60 years was independent risk factor for perioperative complication ( OR=17.819, 95%CI: 2.356-137.719, P=0.005), and aneurysm diameter>10 mm and aneurysm Raymond grading 3 embolization were independent risk factors for aneurysm recurrence ( OR=36.823, 95%CI: 0.862-768.308, P=0.000; OR=52.813, 95%CI: 2.967-938.152, P=0.007). Conclusion:Stent-assisted coil embolization in the treatment of acute intracranial rupture wide-necked aneurysms is safe and effective, but patients aged 40-60 years should be wary of high incidence of perioperative complications, and patients with large aneurysms and incomplete embolization should be wary of their high risk of aneurysm recurrence.