BackgroundIndividuals may experience significant alterations in sleep hygiene during the major public health emergencies， consequently impacting their sleep quality. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between sleep quality and sleep hygiene among adult residents during the major public health emergencies， so as to provide references for improving the sleep quality of residents during such a period. MethodsA sample of 1 364 adult residents were enrolled as the research subjects from February 20 to 29， 2020. All participants were asked to complete self-administered questionnaire to obtain basic-demographic information and sleep hygiene. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） was applied to assess sleep quality. Residents were classified into poor sleepers with PSQI score ≥8 and good sleepers defined as PSQI score <8. Binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with sleep quality. Radar chart was used to visualize and compare the sleep hygiene between poor sleepers and good sleepers. ResultsAccording to PSQI score， 891 （65.32%） residents were good sleepers， while 473 （34.68%） residents were poor sleepers. Comparison revealed that age （χ²=3.887）， past medical history （χ²=27.938）， awareness rate of importance of sleeping before major public health emergencies （χ²=4.337）， impact of sleep quality on quality of life during the major public health emergencies （χ²=178.138）， frequency of staying up late during the major public health emergencies （χ²=139.390）， compensatory sleep behaviors （χ²=39.257）， impact of sleep problems on daytime functioning （χ²=285.879）， change of bedtime （χ²=63.031）， sleep latency （χ²=168.672）， wake-up time （χ²=59.221）， changes in sleep duration （χ²=172.332）， time spent in the bedroom （χ²=23.071）， and sum of money spent on improving sleep environment （χ²=58.584） yielded statistical difference between poor sleepers and good sleepers （P<0.05 or 0.01）. Logistic regression analysis denoted that past medical history （OR=1.680， 95% CI： 1.185~2.382）， negative impact of sleep quality on quality life （OR=4.181， 95% CI： 2.722~6.422）， staying up late 3 to 4 times per week （OR=3.145， 95% CI： 1.497~6.605）， staying up late almost every day （OR=4.271， 95% CI： 1.970~9.260）， negative impact of sleep problems on daytime functioning （OR=7.169， 95% CI： 5.188~9.907）， prolonged sleep latency （OR=2.836， 95% CI： 2.019~3.982） and shortened sleep duration （OR=3.518， 95% CI： 2.144~5.772） were risk factors of poor sleep quality. The sum of money spent on improving sleep environment following the major public health emergencies ≤500 RMB （OR=0.334， 95% CI： 0.134~0.830） was related to the incidence rate of poor sleep quality. Radar chart showed that poor sleepers were characterized by extravagant concerns， excessive cleanliness and poor sleep hygiene practices during the major public health emergencies， and poor sleepers were more likely to stay up late due to stress and emotional issues. ConclusionSome residents are facing poor sleep quality during the major public health emergencies， and poor sleep hygiene practice also contributes to poor sleep quality.