Objective To explore the safety of bedside bowel movement during the earlY phase of patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods 55 patients were randomly divided into the experimental group(28 cases)and the control group(27 cases).The experimental group adopted bedside bowel movement while the control group used routine in-bed bowel movement.The heart rate,blood pressure and myocardial oxygen comsumption(D-P)were observed.Results The heart rate,systolic blood pressure,and diastolic blood pressure in the control group were higher than those in steady state(P＜0.05).While in the experimental group the above factors were not statistically different from those in steady state (P＞0.05).The D-P both increased in the two groups compared with that in steady state(P＜0.05).The incidence of uncomfortable complaint and complications were not different between the two groups but the rate of constipation and mean in-hospital days were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion It proved safe and applicable for patients with AMI to adopt bedside bowel movement during 24 to 72hours after infarction under the electrocardiac and blood pressure monitoring if their vital signs were steady and did not have any serious complications.

Objective To study the determinants of exercise behavior among the overweight and obese residents, so as to provide reference for policy-making and health promotion in the future. Methods The study only enrolled overweight and obese residents to conduct a questionnaire survey and physical examination including height, weight and waist circumference. The self-designed questionnaire based on Health Belief Model had acceptable validity and reliability. Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the determinants of exercise behavior after univariate analysis and correlation analysis. Result Totally 2 489 overweight and obese residents(1 182 male and 1 307 female)were included in this study. Their average age was 45.3±14.2 years and their median amount of exercise was 4 thousand-step equivalent with quartile of (0.5, 10.0); 22.9% of these residents never took any exercise. Males with high school and equivalent level of education and an income of 5 000 to 10 000 yuan, took more exercise than other demographic groups. Amount of exercise had a positive correlation with perceived benefits of exercise, perceived severity of disadvantage of low exercise and self-efficacy, while it had a negative correlation with subjective barriers and objective barriers. Structural Equation Modeling showed that perceived subjective barriers, objective barriers and self-efficacy were determinants of exercise behavior. Their total standardized effects on exercise behavior were-0.085 (P=0.020),-0.242 (P<0.001) and 0.184 (P<0.001) respectively.Those with higher self-efficacy and less barriers preferred to do more exercise. Indirect effect widely existed in the SEM and self-efficacy were the most important mediating variables of all the other significant determinants. Conclusion The overweight and obese residents are seriously lack of exercise, which need some targeted intervention, especially by improving their self-efficacy and reducing their objective barriers.

Objective:To study the physical activity level and its influence factors among residents in one suburb of Beijing,so as to provide specific interventions for different people in different circum-stances and to provide reference for health relevant policy-making in the future.Methods:In the study, 7 31 9 subjects aged 1 8 years or above were involved.The self-designed questionnaires based on Health Belief Model (HBM)had acceptable validity and reliability.The physical activity levels were calculated to classify sufficient or insufficient amount by a thousand-step equivalent greater than or equal to 6 or 1 0. Multiple variable Logistic regression was used to explore the influence factors of the physical activity among the residents.Results:The residents’median amount of physical activity in the suburb district of Beijing were 9.1 thousand-step equivalent with quartile of (3.8,20.4).The percentages of the thou-sand-step equivalent greater than or equal to 6 or 1 0 were 63.7% and 47.7%,respectively.The median amounts of physical activity from work or household chores,transportation and recreation physical activi-ties were 4.0,1 .0,0.0 and the components of the total amount of physical activity from those were 61 .7%,1 8.3% and 20.1 %,respectively.There were 8.6% residents whose life did notinvolve moder-ate or vigorous intensity activities.By using factor analysis,five factors were extracted from the scale based on the HBM;These factors together contributed to 63.7% of the sum of the squared loadings.The differences of physical activity levels on education level,age,gender,self-efficacy,cues,subjective and objective barriers were statistically significant (P <0.05).Those who were female,with older age,lower education level,higher self-efficacy,fewer cues,fewer subjective and objective barriers preferred to do more physical activities.Conclusion:The physical activity levels among the residents in the suburb dis-trict of Beijing are moderate and high,and most amount of physical activities from work or household chores.Those who are male and whose ages are from 1 8 to 29 years and whose education levels are of university or above should be focused on intervention.Specific interventions should be developed for dif-ferent people in different situations;More attention should be paid to improve the residents’self-efficacy and reduce the subjective and objective barriers of physical activity,and we also should actively advocate people to have more leisure exercise so as to improve the physical activity level among all residents.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between carbon dioxide combining power(CO₂-CP) and contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 174 patients admitted to our hospital from March 2012 to August 2013 with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were divided into three tertiles according to pre-operative CO₂-CP: T1 (CO₂-CP < 22.62 mmol/L), T2(CO₂-CP 22.62-24.30 mmol/L), T3(CO₂-CP > 24.30 mmol/L). Baseline clinical data, CI-AKI incidence, in-hospital mortality and dialysis rate were compared among groups. An increase in serum creatinine of >26.4 µmol/L and/or >50% from baseline within 48 hours after contrast exposure was defined as CI-AKI. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of CI-AKI. The relationship between CO₂-CP and CI-AKI was assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to identify the optimal cutoff of the CO₂-CP for predicting CI-AKI.

RESULTSCI-AKI occurred in 25 (14.4%) patients, and lower CO₂-CP was related to higher incidence of CI-AKI (27.6% (16/58) in group T1, 5.3% (3/57) in group T2, 1.7 % (1/59) in group T3, P = 0.002) and higher in-hospital mortality (10.3% (6/58) vs. 0 and 1.7% (1/59), P = 0.010). Dialysis rate was similar among 3 groups (5.2% (3/58) vs. 0 and 1.7% (1/59), P = 0.168). The incidence of CI-AKI was significantly associated with CO₂-CP < 22.00 mmol/L in univariate analyses (OR = 6.767, 95% CI 2.731-16.768, P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding risk factors, CO₂-CP < 22.00 mmol/L remained significantly associated with the incidence of CI-AKI (OR = 5.835, 95%CI 1.800-18.914, P = 0.003) in multivariate logistic regression. ROC analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff of CO₂-CP to predict CI-AKI was 22.00 mmol/L (sensitivity 64.0%, specificity 79.1%, AUC = 0.714).

CONCLUSIONSPre-percutaneous coronary intervention CO₂-CP in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention is related to CI-AKI. CO₂-CP < 22.00 mmol/L predicts higher risk of CI-AKI in this patient cohort.

Acute Kidney Injury ; etiology ; Carbon Dioxide ; analysis ; Contrast Media ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Logistic Models ; Myocardial Infarction ; complications ; physiopathology ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors