Objective To explore the imaging biomarker for early diagnosis and disease course monitoring of Parkinson disease (PD) in arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique. Methods Between July, 2014 and May, 2017, 23 patients with PD underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ASL examinations in our hospital, including 13 in the early stage and 10 in advanced stages. Voxel-based analysis (VBA) was used to observe the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) characteristics in PD patients in different stages and three-dimensional continuous arterial spin labeling (3D CASL) was used to analyze the mean cerebral blood flow (mCBF). Results No significant difference was found in mCBF among PD patients in the early stage, patients in advanced stages and normal control subjects (P=0.30). Compared with the normal control group, the patients with early-stage PD had decreased rCBF in resting state mainly in the right superior occipital gyrus and the right superior frontal gyrus as revealed by VBA (P<0.001);the patients with advanced PD showed decreased rCBF mainly in the left precentral gyrus and the postcentral gyrus (P<0.001). The patients with advanced PD exhibited lowered rCBF in the right substantia nigra and the bilateral corpus callosum as compared with the early-stage patients (P<0.001). Conclusions VBA of ASL reveals rCBF alterations in association with the disease progression in PD patients, suggesting that this technique might provide assistance in identification of potential markers for early PD diagnosis and for monitoring the disease course.

Objective To explore the imaging biomarker for early diagnosis and disease course monitoring of Parkinson disease (PD) in arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique. Methods Between July, 2014 and May, 2017, 23 patients with PD underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ASL examinations in our hospital, including 13 in the early stage and 10 in advanced stages. Voxel-based analysis (VBA) was used to observe the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) characteristics in PD patients in different stages and three-dimensional continuous arterial spin labeling (3D CASL) was used to analyze the mean cerebral blood flow (mCBF). Results No significant difference was found in mCBF among PD patients in the early stage, patients in advanced stages and normal control subjects (P=0.30). Compared with the normal control group, the patients with early-stage PD had decreased rCBF in resting state mainly in the right superior occipital gyrus and the right superior frontal gyrus as revealed by VBA (P<0.001);the patients with advanced PD showed decreased rCBF mainly in the left precentral gyrus and the postcentral gyrus (P<0.001). The patients with advanced PD exhibited lowered rCBF in the right substantia nigra and the bilateral corpus callosum as compared with the early-stage patients (P<0.001). Conclusions VBA of ASL reveals rCBF alterations in association with the disease progression in PD patients, suggesting that this technique might provide assistance in identification of potential markers for early PD diagnosis and for monitoring the disease course.

MicroRNA is a class of short-chain non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression at post-transcriptional level.It can participate in the pathophysiology processes of tumor regulation,neurodegenerative disease,and cardiovascular disease.Recent studies have shown that microRNA can play a reguhtory role in ischemic brain damage through autophagy.This article reviews the effect of microRNA on autophagy after cerebral ischamia and its possible mechanisms.

【Objective】 To explore the relationship between preoperative anemia and perioperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery. 【Methods】 The clinical data, laboratory findings, blood transfused and outcomes data of 493 patients who underwent mitral valve surgery in Fuwai Hospital in 2017 were collected by blood transfusion management system and retrospectively analyzed by SPSS. The patients were divided into anemia group (n=34, male Hb<120 g/L and female Hb<110 g/L) and non-anemia group (n=459) .The measurement data were statistically analyzed with t test or rank sum test, and enumeration data by Fisher test and Chi-square test, and then all analyzed by binary logistics regression. 【Results】 The incidence of anemia before mitral valve surgery was 6.90% (34/493). Perioperative erythrocyte dosage (U) (median), erythrocyte transfusion rate, ICU stay time (d) (median) and hospital mortality rate(%) in anemia group and non-anemia group were 4.00 vs 0.00 (OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.70~3.40, P<0.05), 67.65% vs 21.35% (OR: 12.98, 95% Cl: 5.21~31.15, P<0.05), 2.50 vs 2.00 (B: 0.71, 95% Cl: 0.08~1.33, P<0.05) and 5.88 vs 0.22(P<0.05)respectively. 【Conclusion】 Preoperative anemic is independently associated with perioperative RBC transfusion in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery, and may increase ICU length of stay and hospital mortality.