As a kind of nervous system disease,migraine is more common in female,and has the clinical characteristics of repeated attacks,it is of great significance with standardized treatment in the control of the attacks.Yong female patients with migraine during pregnancy and lactation stage will face lots of special problems because they must first consider the impact of treatment on the mother and fetus.Generally,non-drug therapy is recommended as a first-line treatment,if it is not sufficiently effective,paracetamol is recommended during the pregnancy or sporadic use of sumatriptan,NSAIDs is not recommended during the first or third trimester of pregnancy.Preventive therapy should only be considered in the most severe cases.This review summarized recent documents of the safety of the most used antimigraine medications during pregnancy and breastfeeding,in order to provide treatment recommendations in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the clinical distribution characteristics of persisters isolated from the chronic infected pa-tients,so as to provide scientific basis for effective clinical measures to prevent,control and treat persister-associated chronic infection.Methods Clinical microbial samples cultured from Jan.2013 to Dec.2014 were analysed by WHONET5.6.Four bacteria species with the highest isolation rate were performed for screening of chronic infection.Concentration of bacteria were detected by viable plate count method and then the growth curve were drew of each sample under the presence of anti-biotics.Persisters were comfirmed according to the specific growth curve under the presence of antibiotics.Results Four highest isolated bacteria species of the clinical samples were Escherichia coli (1 3.2%),Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.6%), Pseudomonasaeruginosa (8%)and Staphylococcusaureus (6.6%).862 chronic infection samples were generated out of 14 216 microbial samples and 41 persisters (4 strains of Escherichia coli,23 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae,8 strains of Pseudomonasaeruginosa and 6 strains of Staphylococcusaureus)were isolated finally.Conclusion With such a comprehen-sively retrospective analysis of the hospital clinical microbial samples,can tell that the ratio of persisters in chronic infection was not high.And chronic infections are mostly caused by gene-mutated drug-resistant bacteria.However,the isolation rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was relatively high,of which more attention should be payed to the prevention and control.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of persisters isolated from the chronic infected patients and clarify the relationship between the infection time and persistence as well as antibiotic drugs,so as to provide scientific basis for clinical effective measures to prevent,control and treatment of persister-associated chronic infection.Methods The tolerant ability of the 41 persisters (4 strains of Escherichiacoli,23 strains of Klebsiellapneumoniae,8 strains of Pseudomonasaeruginosa and 6 strains of Staphylococcusaureus)under differet kind and concentration of antibiotics and nutritional deficiencies cindi-tions were detected.In addition,analysis of the homologous strains isolated from the same patients with different infection time was performed.Results The study found that with the increase of concentration of antibiotics,the proportion of persis-ters would gradually decrease.The tolerance ability of the same persister strain to different antibiotics was dissimilar,and different species persisters also had various tolerance ability to the same kind of antibiotics.Persisters were more able to withstand the lack of nutrition.What’s more,there is no significant difference between the resistant ability of the homolo-gous strains isolated from the same patients with different infection time (P>0.05).Conclusion Persisters have different a-bility to stand the kill of different kinds and concentration of antibiotics and they can even be completely removed when ex-posed to sufficiently high concentrations of antibiotic.

Objective Toanalyzethealterationsofplasmaglucocerebrosidase(GBA),protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)and its degradation product ceramide in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods Atotalof45inpatientswithischemicstrokeattheDepartmentofNeurology,theAffiliated Hospital of Logistics College of the CAPF were enrolled from May to September 2013,and 45 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects at the Physical Examination Center collected at the same time period were used as a control group. Blood samples of the patients and healthy subjects were obtained,anticoagulated, and the plasma was separated. H50 protein chip and laser matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization top of flymassspectrometrywereusedtotestthelevelsofplasmaceramide.Results TheplasmaGBAand PP2A activities in patients with ischemic stroke were significantly lower than those of the control group;the GBA activities of the ischemic stroke group and the control group were 2 . 4 ± 0 . 8 and 3 . 1 ± 1 . 4 U/L respectively. There was significant difference (P<0. 05);the PP2A activities of the two groups were 6. 5 ± 2. 8 and 14. 5 ± 4. 7 U/L respectively (P<0. 01). The relative level of the plasma ceramide in patients with ischemic stroke was 1. 9 ± 0. 7,and it was significantly lower than 12. 2 ± 5. 0 of the control group (P<0.01).Conclusion ThedecreasedlevelsofplasmaGBAandPP2Aactivitiesaswellasthe ceramide in patients with ischemic stroke suggested that the abnormal phosphorylation of synuclein in the blood of patients with stroke.

Objective Toanalyzethechangesofplasmaphosphorylatedα-synuclein(α-Syn)level andα-Synphosphorylationrateinpatientswithischemicstroke.Methods Theclinicaldataof45 patients with acute stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology,the Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People′s Armed Force Police from May 2013 to September 2013 were analyzed retrospectively, and the age and sex matched 45 healthy subjects were recruited as a control group at the same time. The plasma phosphorylatedα-Syn level was measured by a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),besides,the gene-recombinated α-Syn was added into plasma,and the phosphorylated α-Syn accountingforthetotalratioofα-Synwascalculated.Results Theplasmaphosphorylatedα-Synlevelof patients with ischemic stroke was significantly higher than that of the control group (0. 0472 ± 0.0042μmol/L vs. 0. 0312 ± 0. 0043μmol/L). The plasma α-Syn phosphorylation rate of patients with ischemic stroke was higher than that of the control group (0. 1170 ± 0. 0176 vs. 0. 0364 ± 0. 0098μmol/(100μmol ·h ). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC )curve analysis showed that the specificity and sensitivity of the plasma phosphorylatedα-Syn concentration changes in determining ischemic stroke were 0. 88 and 0. 81 respectively. The area under curve (AUC)was 0. 91 and the cut-off value was 0. 060 mol/L;AUC 95%confidence interval (CI)was 0. 889 to 0. 961;the specificity and sensitivity of the plasma α-Syn phosphorylation rate changes in determining ischemic stroke were 0. 84 and 0. 81 respectively,AUC was 0.90andthecut-offvaluewas0.055mol/L;AUC95%CIwas0.898to0.971.Conclusion Theplasma phosphorylated α-Syn level and plasma α-Syn phosphorylation rate in patients with ischemic stroke were higher than those of the normal control group.

BACKGROUND:The electrospinning technique has been used to prepare biological scaffolds to simulate nano-fiber structure of extracelular matrix; therefore, widespread attention has been paid to the electrospinning technique in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To review the articles about increasing electrospun nanofiber scaffold porosity, enlarging pore diameter, promoting cel infiltration with related technologies, in order to discover the most practical and economical technology. METHODS:The first author retrieved CNKI database, Wanfang database and PubMed with the keywords of “cel infiltration, 3D scaffold, electrospinning” in Chinese and English, respectively. Literature retrieval period was from January 2004 to October 2014. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Electrospinning technology is the most effective method for preparation of nanofiber scaffolds. Electrospinning scaffolds as tissue engineering scaffolds have become an issue of concern in the basic research year by year. However, the internal nano-scale pore of nanofiber scaffolds limits the cels to grow on the surface, so recent research has been focused on highly porous three-dimensional structure which can promote the permeable growth of cels instead of two-dimensional scaffolds. Several techniques have been used, which go from the adjustment of materials and speed of electrospinning to the applications of various kinds of complicated machines. However, the existing researches are stil not mature and stable, the majority of which are applied onlyin vitro as cel implantation or subcutaneous implantation in smal animals. The above-mentioned methods stil need long-term comparative studies to confirm the feasibility in the tissue-engineered repair of organs.

OBJECTIVE:To develop a method for the simultaneous determination of 5 components in Shuganning injections. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Symmetry? C18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.4% phosphoric acid(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavlengths were set at 238 nm (geniposide,baicalin) and 327 nm (chlorogenic acid,baicalein,scutellarin). The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS:The linear ranges were 0.4062-26.0 μg/mL for chlorogenic acid(r=0.9999),2.5000-160.0 μg/mL for geniposide (r=0.9999),6.5620-420.0 μg/mL for baicalin (r=0.9999),0.3125-20.0 μg/mL for baicalein (r=0.9996), 0.5859-37.5 μg/mL for scutellarin (r=0.9998). The limits of quantify were no higher than 31.20 ng,limits of detection were no higher than 15.60 ng. RSDs of precision, stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0% ;the recoveries were 97.72%-101.10%(RSD=1.21%,n=6),97.67%-102.40%(RSD=1.87%,n=6),97.64%-101.10%(RSD=1.31%,n=6), 96.45%-100.10%(RSD=1.47%,n=6),96.16%-101.10%(RSD=1.69%,n=6),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,precise,stable and reproducible,and can be used for simultaneous determination of 5 components in Shuganning injection.

Objective: To observe the anatomic variations and lesions of maxillary sinus by CBCT before sinus augmentation in Chinese patients with edentulous posterior maxilla. Methods: 589 participants with 666 sinuses were enrolled in this study. The anatomic variations and lesions of maxillary sinus were examined by CBCT prior to sinus augmentation surgery. Results: In all 666 sinuses, the prevalence of septa was 30. 48％, membrane thickness ≤2 mm was 60. 36％, the average thickness of the lateral wall was (1. 38 ± 0. 05) mm, the prevalence of posterior superior alveolar artery in the sinus was 66. 52％, the average diameter of the artery was (0. 98 ± 0. 03) mm, the discontinuity of the sinus floor was 4. 35％, the mean width of maxillary sinus was (14. 20 ± 0. 19) mm, and the prevalence of cyst was 11. 41％. Conclusion: CBCT can reveal the sinus diversity and provide the information for the safe and effective sinus augmentation.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). They have been shown to play an important immunosuppressive role in the development of TME and promote tumor immune escape, growth and metastasis. It is a current research hotspot to regulate the functional polarization of TAMs through trained immunity (metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic remodeling) to affect the occurrence and development of tumors. Therefore, in-depth research in this field not only presents a more comprehensive perspective on the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases, but also can provide new strategies for clinical anti-tumor immunotherapy. This paper outlines the origin of TAMs and the phenotypes and mechanisms of TAMs polarization, discusses the mechanisms by which metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic remodeling regulate TAMs, summarizes the regulation of TAMs activation and polarization by them, and provides an overview of the progress in TAMs at the current stage of clinical practice, hoping to provide reference for the development of new immunoprevention and treatment strategies.

Objective To identify the main compositions of urinary calculi found in pediatric patients who had the history of exposing to infant formula milk powder contaminated with melamine and try to find out the urinary calculus formation mechanism in these patients.Methods Sixteen patients were studied.These infant patients with urinary calculi due to consumption of melamine tainted milk powder had been admitted to hospital from June,2008 to August,2008.The components of the urinary calculi were separated by liquid chromatograph,and identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry,electron bombard ionization mass spectrometry,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and quantitatively determined by liquid chromatograph.Results The main chemical components of the urinary ealculi were melamine and uric acid.The molar ratio of uric acid tO melamine was 2:1.Conclusion The main urinary calculus formation mechanism in infant patients who exposed to the inrant formula milk powder contaminated with melamine is melamine and uric acid formed indissoluble complex.