Recent studies have shown that changes in the form and color of sublingual collaterals were related to diabetes. And the changes of sublingual collaterals have certain clinical value in judging the condition, stage, treatment and prognosis of diabetes. This article summarized the research progress of sublingual collaterals from two aspects: the relationship between sublingual collaterals and diabetes mellitus and laboratory indexes, and the modern science and technology.

The combination of Angelicae sinensis Radix (Danggui, DG) and Astragali Radix (Huangqi, HQ) is a popular herb pair commonly used in clinic for the treatment of blood deficiency syndrome in China. The aim of this paper is to study the interaction of DG and HQ nourishing and tonifying blood effects by response surface method. The blood deficiency mice were induced by injecting N-acetylphenylhydrazine (sc) and cyclophosphamide (ip). The blood deficiency mice were administrated intragastrically with DG-HQ extracts (0:1, 1: 5, 2:5, 2:3, 1:1, 3:2, 5:2, 5:1, 1:0). The changes of the peripheral blood indexes and organ indexes were observed. The indexes were integrated by comprehensive index method; the interactions of DG and HQ were analyzed by the response surface diagram established with Matlab software. The results showed that DG and HQ at most of their combination ratios had synergic effect. Within the range of 1:5 - 5:1, all of the extracts of DG-HQ showed synergic effect, and among which, high-doses had better effects than low-doses. The highest value (-1) of the synergic effect was showed when DG was 10 - 40 g at the same time of HQ as 90 -180 g, and DG was 50 - 100 g at the same time of HQ as 20 - 100 g. DG-HQ at all combination dosages within Chinese Pharmacopeia (DG: 6 - 12 g, HQ: 9 - 30 g) had certain synergic effect, and Danggui Buxue Decoction (DG: 6 g, HQ: 30 g) also was at this range. The results provided scientific basis to the clinical application of DG and HQ. And the response surface method was firstly applied to quantitatively evaluate the bio-activity change of herb combination, which provided a novel way for modern basic research on the interaction of herbs.

Objective To explore the risk factors for childhood death from pneumococcal meningitis.Methods The data of 32 hospitalized children were retrospectively analyzed,who were diagnosed as pneumococcal meningitis and enrolled in the Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Soochow University from November 201 0 to December 201 5.The subjects were divided into the death group and survival group according to their prognosis.The clinical characteristics and laboratory data were compared between 2 groups.Results Between the death group and survival group,there were significant statistically differences in shock within 24 hours after admission(63.6% vs 1 4.3%,P =0.01 3),as well as endotracheal tube intubation(1 00.0% vs 23.8%,P <0.001 ),the levels of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)IgG[(491 .27 ± 203.53)mg/L vs (267.24 ±1 88.07)mg/L,P =0.006],IgM[(1 1 5.72 ±79.1 9)mg/L vs (32.80 ±28.52)mg/L, P =0.006],IgA[59.52(1 5.51 ,75.69)mg/L vs 1 8.77(9.33,27.54)mg/L,P =0.023],CSF leukocyte[330.00 (1 50.00,380.00)×1 06 /L vs 870.00 (403.00,6 1 60.00)×1 06 /L,P =0.009 ],CSF protein [(4 047.00 ± 1 942.1 6)mg/L vs (2 470.62 ±1 259.94)mg/L,P =0.009],CSF adenosine deaminase (ADA)[35.20(1 8.90, 87.20)U /L vs 8.80(3.05,23.78)U /L,P =0.001 ],serum sodium[(1 30.21 ±2.85)mmol/L vs (1 32.83 ±3.69) mmol/L,P =0.049],serum lactic acid (LA)[4.40 (2.60,5.70)mmol/L vs 2.40 (1 .75,4.50)mmol/L,P =0.01 3],serum C -reactive protein (CRP)[(95.87 ±65.40)mg/L vs (1 65.61 ±83.05)mg/L,P =0.022],serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)[81 3.40(465.20,2 31 0.70)U /L vs 359.20(257.85,405.90)U /L,P =0.001 ], platelet[(1 63.82 ±1 64.86)×1 09 /L vs (295.71 ±1 30.29)×1 09 /L,P =0.01 9]and positive rate of blood culture (90.9% vs 47.6%,P =0.023)between the death group and survival group.Conclusions The risk factors associated with mortality in pediatric SPM include shock within 24 hours after admission,endotracheal intubation,hyponatremia, thrombocytopenia,as well as high serum LA level,high serum LDH level,lower serum CRP level or cultures of blood and CSF double positive.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features and prognosis of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis and convulsion.MethodsClinical data of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalized from January 2010 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects were divided into the seizure group and no seizure group according to the presence of seizure in the course and compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were no signiifcant differences in sex, age, and the average duration of hospitalization between two groups (allP>0.05). The family history, history of seizures, the levels of serum sodium, calcium, lactate, standard bicarbonate concentration (SB), actual bicarbonate concentration (AB), carbon dioxide content (TCO2) and pH were statistically signiifcant between two groups (allP>0.05). During the follow-up period (outpatient telephone follow-up), the recurrence of seizure in two groups was signiifcant different (P<0.05) and only one (0.54%) child in seizure group developed epilepsy.ConclusionThis study showed that rotavirus gastroenteritis with convulsion is a benign clinical course.

Two cases of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) with endocrine manifestations as the first symptom were investigated through comprehensively reviewing their medical history and clinical records. One case of recurrent giant solitary fibrous tumor of the thoracic cavity had repeated dizziness, palpitation and limb weakness for one month. The patient had hypoglycemia accompanied with significantly decreased serum insulin, and the ratio of insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ) and insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) was greater than 10. Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) should be considered in the patient. Another case was found to have thyroid gland SFT and developed distant metastasis. The patient presented with hypoglycemia, hypokalemia and possible consumptive hypothyroidism. Clinicians should improve our understanding of the endocrine manifestations of the disease. SFT may occur in endocrine glands (such as thyroid), and may also present as NICTH and consumptive hypothyroidism.

Objective:To investigate clinical phenotypes of type Ⅳ hereditary hemochromatosis caused by c. 430A>G heterozygous mutation of SLC40A1 gene and the correlation between genotype and phenotype, exploring ferritin cutoff value for screening.Methods:One case of type Ⅳ hereditary hemochromatosis with c. 430A>G heterozygous mutation in the SLC40A1 gene and 5 generations of their family lineage with a total of 47 members who were seen at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University in July 2020 were studied for systematic clinical investigation. Thirty-nine surviving individuals were tested for ferritin, liver function, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and sex hormones, and Sanger sequencing was performed to verify the mutation loci and to map the family tree. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between ferritin and other indicators, and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to calculate the ferritin cutoff value for screening for this genotype of hemochromatosis.Results:Ten patients with c. 430A>G heterozygous mutation in the SLC40A1 gene were identified among 39 family members, and five of them were diagnosed with hemochromatosis, presenting incomplete penetrance. The differences in levels of ferritin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST; both P<0.01) and FPG, as well as incidences of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and arthritis (all P<0.05) between group of mutation positive and group negative were statistically significant, while the difference in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was not. Spearman correlation analysis showed that, ferritin levels were significantly associated with ALT ( r=0.903), AST ( r=0.879), FPG ( r=0.782), and the incidences of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism ( r=0.798) and arthritis ( r=0.798; all P<0.01) in those with the c. 430A>G heterozygous mutation in the SLC40A1 gene. The ferritin cutoff value for screening of hereditary hemochromatosis with c. 430A>G heterozygous mutation in the SLC40A1 gene was 1 036.7 μg/L, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 94.3%, respectively. Conclusion:The SLC40A1 gene c. 430A>G heterozygous mutation is closely associated with elevated levels of AST and FPG, increased incidences of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and arthritis, and the ferritin cutoff value is a useful screening parameter.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Fangji Fulingtang on macrophage polarization and oxidative stress in the mouse model of myocardial fibrosis. MethodThe mouse model of myocardial fibrosis was established by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol （ISO， 5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）. Fifty C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into control （0.9% NaCl）， model （0.9% NaCl）， low- and high-dose （3.315 g·kg^-1·d^-1 and 13.26 g·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively） Fangji Fulingtang （FFD-L and FFD-H， respectively）， and metoprolol tartrate （Meto， 15 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） groups， with 10 mice each group. After 2 weeks of treatment， the heart appearance， cardiac weight index （CWI）， heart weight （HW）/tibia length （TL） ratio， and myocardial histopathological alterations were observed. Meanwhile， the serum levels of creatine kinase-MB （CK-MB）， transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， IL-10， malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and glutathione （GSH） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The expression levels of CD86 and CD206 were observed by immunohistochemical staining. ResultCompared with the model group， the FFD-L， FFD-H， and Meto groups showed improved heart appearance， decreased CWI and HW/TL ratio （P<0.01）， lowered serum levels of CK-MB， TGF-β₁， TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and elevated IL-10 level （P<0.05）. Furthermore， the three groups showed reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells， myocardial injury， collagen deposition， and myocardial fibrosis， decreased CD86， SOD， and GSH （P<0.01）， and increased CD206 and MDA （P<0.01）. ConclusionFangji Fulingtang can mitigate ISO-induced myocardial fibrosis by regulating macrophage polarization and oxidative stress.