Objective To observe the change of expression of inwardly rectifying K+(Kir)2.3 mRNA and protein of Kir in the hippocampus of rats with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)in different time points and the effect of Tenidap a Kir2.3 channel opener on its expression,investigate the relationship between Kir2.3 and the pathogenesis of TLE and to explore the potential of Kir agonists as anti-epileptic drugs.Methods The pilocarpine TLE rat model was used.Animals were randomly assigned to the control or the status epilepticus(SE)groups,which were further divided into four time point subgroups consisting of 0.6,72 hours,and 2 weeks post-SE termination.Another subgroup was given Tenidap,a Kir2.3 channel opener,and tested 2 weeks post-SE.Hippoeampi were removed and the expression of Kir2.3 mRNA and protein at different time points was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and western blotting.Results The ratios of Kir2.3 mRNA and β-actin in normal control and 0,6,72hours and 2 weeks after SE termination were 0.080±0.030,0.103±0.045,0.164±0.026,0.132±0.024.0.011±0.008,respectively(F=23.684,P<0.01).The ratios of Kir2.3 protein and GAPDH in propotional groups were0.305±0.030,0.263±0.028,0.767±0.167,0.498±0.077,0.176±0.026(F=44.183.P<0.05).The expression of Kir2.3 channel in the epileptic rats was bimodal,increasing immediately after SE,relative to controls,and declining in the chronically epileptic period.Tenidap administration upregulated both the mRNA(0.021±0.006)and protein expression(0.636±0.140) of Kir2.3(F=25.216 and 47.355,P<0.05 and 0.01).Condusion These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of TLE is accompanied by a decrease in Kit2.3 expression,which may be ameliorated by the administration of tenidap.

Electrophoretic-purified human glycophorin A (GPA) was used to produce its derivatives: (1) glycopeptides were separated and purified from GPA by trypsin digestion; (2) preparation of GPA-antibody and GPA glycopeptide-antibody; (3) preparation of deglycosylated GPA (dGPA); (4) incorporating GPA or dGPA into human RBC membrane lipids to form two kinds of liposomes. The products described above were used to test Plasmodium falciparum FCC1/HN merozoites for their ability to invade human erythrocytes. It was found that GPA-liposomes were able to bind with merozoites and dGPA-liposomes had a negative reaction. GPA, GPA glycopeptide, GPA-antibody, GPA glycopeptide-antibody and GPA-liposome all had the effect to hinder the invasion of merozoites into human erythrocyte while dGPA-liposome had no such an effect.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical significance of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMP) and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) in primary unilateral benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). METHOD: Fifty-two patients with unilateral primary BPPV (BPPV group) and 38 normal subjects (control group) received ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) test using tone burst stimuli. The response rate, latency and amplitude were analyzed. RESULT: In BPPV group, the response rate of oVEMP was 46.15% in lesioned side and 48.08% in healthy side, respectively. The response rate of cVEMP was 67.31% in lesioned side and 65.38% in healthy side, respectively. In control group, the response rate on the left ear was 84.21% for oVEMP and 92.11% for cVEMP. On the right ear, was 81.58% for oVEMP and 94.74% for cVEMP in control group, there was no significant difference in cVEMP and oVEMP P1, N1 N1-P1 latency and amplitude between left and right ear. The interaural amplitude ratio and asymmetry of cVEMP and oVEMP was significantly different between BPPV group and control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Unilateral primary BPPV with bilateral impaired vestibular otolith pathways function can be objectively evaluated by oVEMP and cVEMP detection. Abnormal oVEMP responses were more frequently detected than cVEMP.
Adult ; Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ; physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ; physiology ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo investigate the histological features, clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis of small cell carcinoma of the prostate.MethodsThe clinical, pathological and follow-up data of two cases of small cell carcinoma of the prostate were respectively analyzed, and the related literature was reviewed.ResultsTwo cases of small cell carcinoma were diagnosed by transtectal prostate biopsy. Microscopically, the tumor arranged in nest structures and exhibited small round cells with the nuclei extremely hyperchromatic and scanty. Coagulated necrosis was easily observed. The immunohistochemical testing was positive for NSE and negative for PSA 、PAP. Case 1 received palliative surgery and postoperative chemotherapy of EP (VP-16, Cisplatin), and died of recurrence and distant metastasis after six months. Case 2 received palliative surgery and oral bicalutamide treatment, and died of recurrence and liver metastasis after three months.ConclusionsSmall cell carcinoma of the prostate has the biological behavior of invasive growth with an unfavorable prognosis, which is often in an advanced stage at first diagnosis. The ultimate diagnosis depends on histopathology and surgery combined with systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the most effective treatment.

Objective To formulate and detect the efficacy and safety of standardized medication strategy of epilepsy. Methods The normalized medication strategy was worked out in 278 new diagnosed patients, whose effect, retention rate and safety were evaluated after 24 months of treatment. Results Of all the 278 patients, 235 patients were taken mono-therapy while other 43 patients used therapeutic alliance.Most patients took CBZ or VPA as mono-therapy drugs. At the time after 24 months, almost 76. 3%(212/278) patients got seizure free, and the effectiveness was 22. 7% (63/278). The retention rate of those mono-therapy drugs were investigated respectively. CBZ presented 69. 8%, VPA presented 76. 2%,OXC was 68.0%, TPM was 69. 6%, LTG was 83. 3%, LEV presented 85.7%, and 100% for PHT.Conclusions All epileptic patients were well-controlled after taking standardized medication. The standardized medication strategy of epilepsy possesses valuable importance in clinical practice, which deserves further popularization.

OBJECTIVESTo examine the anti-oncogenic effects of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) on bladder cancer and to explore its molecular mechanisms of growth suppression.

METHODSWild-type PML was transfected into bladder cancer cells (5637 cell) and expressed in a replication-deficient adenovirus-mediated gene delivery system and introduced into human bladder cancer cells (5637 cell) in vitro and in vivo. The effect and mechanisms of the PML gene in cell growth, clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity of bladder cancer cells were studied using in vitro and in vivo growth assays, soft agar colony-forming assay, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assay and in vivo tumorigenicity assay.

RESULTSOverexpression of PML in 5637 cells significantly reduced their growth rate and clonogenicity on soft agar. PML suppressed bladder cancer cell growth by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Adenovirus-mediated PML (Ad-PML) significantly suppressed the tumorigenicity and growth of bladder cancer cells. Intratumoral injection of Ad-PML into tumors induced by 5637 cells dramatically suppressed their growth.

CONCLUSIONSThe results indicated that overexpression of PML protein may promote efficient growth inhibition of human bladder cancer cells by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and adenovirus-mediated PML (Ad-PML) expression efficiently suppresses human bladder cancer growth.

Adenoviridae ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Cell Division ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Proteins ; analysis ; Nuclear Proteins ; Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein ; Transcription Factors ; analysis ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the significance of the determination of IL-8 and TNF-alpha in prostatic secretions in the evaluation of chronic prostatitis.

METHODSIL-8 and TNF-alpha levels in EPS were evaluated by ELISA in 90 men: controls (n = 12), CBP (n = 12), CPPS IIIA (n=38), CPPS IIIB (n=28). And the difference was analyzed between CBP or CPPS IIIA and CPPS IIIB or controls.

RESULTSIL-8 and TNF-alpha levels in EPS were higher in men with CBP [(10967.5 +/- 3477.7) pg/ml, (84.1 +/- 54.7) pg/ml] or CPPS IIIA [(9268.4 +/- 2034.6) pg/ml and (32.6 +/- 18.6) pg/ml], but lower in men with CPPS IIIB [(2726.1 +/- 277.5) pg/ml, (12.6 +/- 7.1) pg/ml] or controls [(2800.0 +/- 320.2) pg/ml and (12.9 +/- 10.1) pg/ml] respectively. There was significant difference between CBP or CPPS IIIA and CPPS IIIB or controls (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIL-8 and TNF-alpha are elevated in the EPS of the men with CBP and CPPS IIIA, and provide a novel means for the identification and characterization of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. The cut-points for IL-8 and TNF-alpha to discriminate CBP or CPPS IIIA from CPPS IIIB or controls need further investigation.

Adult ; Aged ; Body Fluids ; chemistry ; Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Disease ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; secretion ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; secretion

Objective:To construct a risk prediction and assessment system for incisional infection after spinal surgery.Methods:Based on the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), risk factors and assessment indicators of postoperative incisional infection in spinal surgery were sorted out through literature search followed by expert consultation using the Delphi expert consultation method. After three-level assessment indicators were selected according to their importance and expert opinions and assigned by different scores, a risk prediction and evaluation system was constructed for postoperative incisional infection after spinal surgery.Results:The 2 rounds of expert consultation questionnaire resulted in an effective response rate of 100%. The degree of expert consultation authority was 0.85, showing high reliability; the Kendall coordination coefficients of expert consultation ranged from 0.525 to 0.686, showing good coordination ( P<0.05). The three-level assessment indicators consisted of 3 primary, 18 secondary and 54 tertiary ones. After statistical analyses of the important risk indicators selected which consisted of 6 preoperative evaluation ones and 18 postoperative evaluation ones, 6 preoperative and 12 postoperative predictive indicators were obtained. The values of risk priority number (RPN) were calculated for high, medium and low risks for postoperative incisional infection using a semi-quantitative method. Conclusion:A self-designed system has been constructed for risk prediction and assessment of incisional infection after spinal surgery based on expert consultation and FMEA method.

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of polymerized human cord hemoglobin (PolyCHb) in chemoimmunotherapy for breast cancer in mice. 【Methods】 A 4T1 breast cancer in situ tumor model was established, and 15 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: blank group: no intervention; Control group: doxorubicin + PD-1 inhibitor was given intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin 5 mg·kg^-1 once a week and PD-1 inhibitor 12.5 mg·kg^-1 once a week; Experimental group: DOX+ a-PD-1+ PolyCHb, the usage of DOX and a-PD-1 was the same as above, PolyCHb: PolyCHb 600 mg·kg^-1 was injected into the tail vein, three times a week; The administration period was 4 weeks. During the administration, the tumor volume was recorded 3 times per week, the tumor growth curve of each group was drawn and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated. The mice were killed on the 29th day, and the tumor was removed and weighed to calculate the tumor inhibition rate. Immunofluorescence, HE staining, TUNEL method and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of HIF-1α, observe the pathological changes of tumor tissue, detect the apoptosis of tumor cells, and detect the expression of tumor proliferation index Ki67. 【Results】 Compared with the blank group and the control group, the tumor volume in the experimental group decreased significantly (P<0.05) and the tumor inhibition rate (%) increased significantly (P<0.05). The content of HIF-1α in tumor tissue in experimental group decreased (P<0.05). In the experimental group, the growth area of tumor tissue decreased, accompanied by the increase of necrosis area; The positive rates (%) of apoptosis in tumor tissues of blank group, control group and experimental group were 18.79±0.62, 20.68±1.19 and 41.65±2.99 respectively (F=135.2, P<0.001). In addition, the results of tumor proliferation index Ki67 showed that there was a statistical difference between the control group and the experimental group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 PolyCHb increases the sensitivity of chemoimmunotherapy in breast cancer mouse model, and the mechanism may be related to the decrease of HIF-1α expression, the promotion of apoptosis and the inhibition of cell proliferation.

【Objective】 To prepare microneedles(MNs) loaded with platelet-rich plasma lysate (PL) using Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), and explore the prospect of PL MNs in the treatment of diabetic wounds. 【Methods】 CMCS was used as the basic material, and an appropriate amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPK-60) was added to prepare needle materials of different concentrations, and the optimal concentration was determined by investigating the needle formation rate, morphological characteristics and mechanical properties, and the growth factor activity in PL MNs was investigated. The diabetic mice were randomly divided into four groups after the back wound was made, the control group did not do any treatment, the PL smear group was treated with PL smearing, the blank MNs group was treated with MNs without PL, and the PL MNs group was treated with PL microneedles. The effect of PL MNs in wound healing in diabetic mice was evaluated through body observation, H&E staining and immunohistochemistry results. 【Results】 When PVPK60 was 40 mg/mL, the needle formation rate was 100%, the array was complete, the needle body was full, and the needle was sharp. According to the results of mechanical-displacement curve and weight pressure change experiment, the prepared PL MNs have good mechanical strength. The results of growth factor analysis indicated that the content of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in PL was (625±35) pg/mL, and the content of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) was (18 741±1 287) pg/mL. After making the MNs, the VEGF content was (183±2) pg/mL, and the PDGF-BB content was (8049±1157) pg/mL. Although the concentration of growth factors decreased, growth factor activity was still preserved.The results of wound healing experiments in diabetic mice showed that the PL MNs group had better healing, and the wound healing rate was different from that of three groups (P<0.01). The results of H&E staining showed that the PL MNs group had fewer inflammatory cell infiltrates and bleeding spots. The number of fibroblasts and new microvascular in the control group was worse than that in the PL MNs group and the PL smear group. The results of immunohistochemistry indicated that the expression of pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 decreased, while anti-inflammatory factor TGF-β and angiogenesis index CD31 increased in the PL MNs group, which were significantly different from those in the other three groups (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 The PL MNs prepared in this experiment have good mechanical properties, which has a positive effect on the wound healing of diabetic mice, and provides a new idea for diabetic wound healing.