Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus larvae. It seriously affects the development of animal husbandry and endangers human health. Due to a poor understanding of the cystic fluid formation pathway, there is currently a lack of innovative methods for the prevention and treatment of CE. In this study, the protoscoleces (PSCs) in the encystation process were analyzed by high-throughput RNA sequencing. A total of 32,401 transcripts and 14,903 cDNAs revealed numbers of new genes and transcripts, stage-specific genes, and differently expressed genes. Genes encoding proteins involved in signaling pathways, such as putative G-protein coupled receptor, tyrosine kinases, and serine/threonine protein kinase, were predominantly up-regulated during the encystation process. Antioxidant enzymes included cytochrome c oxidase, thioredoxin glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase were a high expression level. Intriguingly, KEGG enrichment suggested that differentially up-regulated genes involved in the vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption metabolic pathway may play important roles in the transport of proteins, carbohydrates, and other substances. These results provide valuable information on the mechanism of cystic fluid production during the encystation process, and provide a basis for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of growth and development of PSCs.

Abstract Airborne microorganisms, especially pathogenic microorganisms, are easily transmitted through dust and droplets, leading to various infectious diseases. The study summarizes the status of airborne microbial pollution, potential exposure levels, particle size, and species distribution of microorganisms, discusses the impact of airborne microorganisms on human health, and analyzes specific factors affecting campus air microorganisms from four aspects:climate, anthropogenic factors, time, and space, to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective improvement measures, improving air quality and safeguarding the health of teachers and students.

Objective:To compare the result of nucleic acid detection between anal swabs and nasal swabs in confirmed cases of COVID-19.Methods:The result of nucleic acid detection between anal swabs and nasal swabs collected simultaneously at various time points after illness onset were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Totally, 46 matched result of anal swabs and nasal swabs in confirmed cases of COVID-19 collected at various intervals after illness onset in 31 patients were analyzed. All the result of nucleic acid detection were positive for anal swabs. The highest concordance rate of nucleic acid positive of COVID-19 (80%) between anal swabs and nasal swabs was observed 0-3 days after illness onset; while the value declined to 28.57% ≥16 days after illness onset. The longer the interval between sampling and illness onset, the lower the concordance rate.Conclusions:Besides two negative result from respiratory tract specimens, the negative result of anal swabs should be added as an important reference of releasing from quarantine.