This paper presents a general review on characteristics and development trends of new-style field first-aid medical equipment. It shows that first-aid medical equipment has new characteristics involving multi-functions, flexibility, application of advanced technology, etc., and has new development trends such as multiple functions, higher efficiency to be used in war and intellectualized control for self-aid and buddy-aid.

This paper analyzes the development actualities and characteristics of foreign military telemedicine equipments,and points out the developing trend of field telemedicine equipment.On the basis of the above-mentioned,the development countermeasures of Chinese army are put forward.

Objective To investigate the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by sufentanil preconditioning in rats. Methods Thirty adult male SD rats, weighing 250-330 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n =6 each): sham operation group (group S),I/R group, sufentanil preconditioning group (group SF), sufentanil preconditioning + a specific inhibitor of iNOS S-methyl thiourea (SMT) group (group SF+ SMT) and S-methyl thiourea group (group SMT). In I/R,SF,SF+SMT and SMT groups, myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. Group SF received 30 min infusion of sufentanil 120 μg/kg via caudal vein 24 h before ischemia. Group SF + SMT received infusion of sufentanil 120 μg/kg via caudal vein 24 h before ischemia and then SMT 10 mg/kg was injected 10 min before ischemia. In group SMT, SMT 10 mg/kg was injected 10min before ischemia. MAP and HR were recorded at 30 min before ischemia, at 30 min of ischemia and at the end of reperfusion. The rate-pressure product (RPP) was calculated. Arterial blood samples were obtained immediately at the end of reperfusion to determine the plasma concentration of NO. Then the animals were sacrificed and myo cardial tissues were obtained to determine the area at risk (AAR), infarct size (IS) and iNOS expression. IS/AAR was calculated. Results Compared with group S, MAP and RPP were significantly decreased, while IS/AAR was significantly increased at 120 min of reperfusion in the other four groups, and MAP and RPP were significantly decreased at 30 min of ischemia in I/R and SMT groups ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group I/R, no significant change was found in HR, MAP and RPP in SF, SF + SMT and SMT groups, and in IS/AAR and plasma NO concentrations in SF + SMT and SMT groups ( P ＞ 0.05), but IS/AAR was significantly decreased, and the plasma NO concentration and iNOS expression were significantly increased in group SF ( P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion iNOS is involved in reduction of myocardial I/R injury by sufentanil preconditioning in rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of remffentanil postconditioning on myocardial ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury in patients undergoing open heart surgery under CPB.Methods Thirty patients (ASA grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ, NYHA class Ⅰ or Ⅱ ) of both sexes aged 18-45 yr undergoing repair: of ventricular septal defect and/or atrial septal defect under CPB were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 15 each): control group (group C)and remifentanil postconditioning group (group R). Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, sufcntanil, propofol and rocuronium. The patients received 5 min infusion of remifentanil at 4 μg · kg- 1 · min - 1 8 min before aortic unclamping in group R, while the patients received equal volume of normal saline in group C. Blood samples were obtained from the right internal jugular vein for determination of plasma concentrations of cardiac troponin-I (cTnI)and MDA and activities of CK-MB and SOD before induction of anesthesia (baseline) and at4, 8, 24 and48 h after aortic unclamping. Results The plasma concentrations of cTnI and MDA and activity of CK-MB were significantly lower, while the plasma SOD activity was significantly higher at 4 and 8 h after aortic unclmping, and the plasma concentration of MDA was significantly lower at 24 h after aortic unclamping in group R than in group C ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Remifentanil postconditioning can attenuate myocardial I/R injury in patients undergoing open heart surgery under CPB through inhibiting lipid peroxidation.

Objective To evaluate the effect of emulsified isoflurane preconditioning on myocardial iachemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits.Methods Thixty-two male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.5-3.0 kg were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=8 each):group Ⅰ I/R;group Ⅱ isoflurane preconditioning (group Ⅰ);group Ⅲ emulsified isoflurane preconditioning (group EI) and group Ⅳ intralipid (group INT).Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 min occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery followed by 180 min of reperfusion.After 30 min of post-preparation equilibration.the animal inhaled 3%isoflurane for 30 min followed by 15 min washout in group Ⅰ(group Ⅱ);8% emulsified isoflurane 8-10 ml was injected iv at 1 ml/s followed by continuous infusion at 6-8 ml·kg-1·h-1,maintaining end-tidal isoflurane concentration at 1.28% for 30 min in group EI (groupⅢ);30% intralipid 9 ml was injected iv at 1 ml/s fullowed by continuous infusion at 7 ml·kg-1·h-1 for 30 min in group INT (group IV).HR and BP were monitored and recorded at 30 min of post-preparatory equilibration(T0),before ischemia(T1),at the beginning of ischemia(T2),at 30 min ofischemia(T3),60,120 and 180 min of reperfnsion(T4,5,6).HR-SP product (RPP) was calculated.Infarct size (IS) was determined by TIC staining.Blood samples were taken from carotid artery at T6 for determination of serum CK and LDH activities and IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations.Results HR,MAP and RPP were decreasing during T2-6, but there was no significant difference in HR, MAP and RPP among the 4 groups.The infarct size was signigicantly smaller, serum CK and LDH activities and IL-6 concentration were significantly lower while serum IL-10 concentration was significantly higher in group I and EI than in group I/R and INT.Conclusion Emulsified isoflurane preconditioning can attenuate myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting inflammatory response.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the postoperative cognitive function in the elderly patients with fragile brain.Methods One hundred and twenty elderly patients with fragile brain,aged 65-85 yr,weighing 50-80 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,with preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination score≥ 20,scheduled for elective gastroenteric surgical procedures,were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups (n =60 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).In group D,dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused in a loading dose of 0.4 μg/kg over 10 min before anesthesia induction,followed by an infusion of 0.4 μg · kg-1 · h 1until 30 min before the end of surgery.While the equal volume of 0.9％ nomal saline was given instead of dexmedetomidine in group C.Postoperative delirium was assessed within 3 days after operation using Confusion Assessment Method.Postoperative cognitive dysfunction was assessed at 7 days after operation using Mini-Mental State Examination.Results Compared with group C,the incidence of postoperative delirium was significantly decreased within 3 days after operation (P＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in postoperative cognitive dysfunction at 7 days after operation in group D (P＞0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can decrease the occurrence of postoperative delirium in the elderly patients with fragile brain.