OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid system for bacteria identification and susceptibility test in 24 hours,and provide bacteriological evidence for the control of nosocomial infection and the timely diagnosis and treatment.METHODS The simple constant temperature box was replaced by revolving constant temperature box;2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) and succinate were added to the culture bottle and the culture medium of drug susceptibility;the concentration of the reactive substrate in the bacterial biochemical tube and the number of the inoculated bacteria were increased at the same time.RESULTS The time of positive blood culture in the revolving constant temperature box was significantly shorter than that in the simple one(?2=74.92,P

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of ehlorpromazine in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). Methods 120 healthy female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (NC group, n=30); acute necrotizing pancreatitis group (ANP group, n=45) and chlorpromazine treatment group (CPZ group, n=45). ANP was induced by the injection of 5% sodium taurocholate (1 ml/kg) into pancreatic duct, NC group were injected with same amount of saline. 0.4% chlorpromazine (0.25 ml/100 g) was intraperitoneally administered in CPZ group at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h after ANP was established. Same amount of normal saline was given to ANP group and NC group in the same way and at the same time points. The rats were sacrificed at 24, 48, 72 h after ANP was induced. The blood samples were collected for analysis of serum amylase (AMY), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), interleukin-6 (IL-6). Pancreas was harvested for evaluation of pathologic changes. Results The pathologic changes in ANP group were compatible with pathologic changes of ANP. The pathologic scores in CPZ group was 3.57±0.73 at 72 hours after ANP induced, which was significantly lower than 13.29±1.03 in ANP group. The serum amylase and PLA2 levels in CPZ group at 72 hours after ANP induced were (1658.0±277.0) U/L and ( 12.26±1.40) ng/ml respectively, the corresponding values of ANP group were (3666.7±1233.0) U/L and (16.81±1.13)ng/ml, respectively. The difference was statistically significantly (P＜0.01). The serum IL-6 levels of CPZ group at 24,48 72 hours were (116.27±14.49) pg/ml, (75.35±6.17) pg/ml, (82.75± 8.86) pg/ml respectively, the corresponding values of CPZ group were (160.88±27.19) pg/ml, (111.77± 19.10)pg/ml, (125.51±30.71) pg/ml respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.01). Conclusions Chlorpromazine may have a therapeutic effect on ANP.

Background: Whether there is a causal relationship between childhood obesity and increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. This study sought to explore how body size in childhood and adulthood independently affects CKD risk in later life using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods: Univariate and multivariate MR was used to estimate total and independent effects of body size exposures. Genetic associations with early-life and adult body size were obtained from a genome-wide association study of 453,169 participants in the U.K. Biobank, and genetic associations with CKD were obtained from the CKDGen and FinnGen consortia. Results: A larger genetically predicted early-life body size was associated with an increased risk of CKD (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 1.41; P= 1.70E-05) and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (β=0.010; 95% CI, 0.005 to 0.021; P=0.001). However, the association between the impact of early-life body size on CKD (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.31; P=0.173) and BUN level (β=0.001; 95% CI, –0.010 to 0.012;P= 0.853) did not remain statistically significant after adjustment for adult body size. Larger genetically predicted adult body size was associated with an increased risk of CKD (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.54; P= 4.60E-07), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (β=–0.011; 95% CI, –0.017 to –0.006; P=5.79E-05), and increased BUN level (β= 0.010; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.019; P= 0.018). Conclusion Our research indicates that the significant correlation between early-life body size and CKD risk is likely due to maintaining a large body size into adulthood.

Background: Whether there is a causal relationship between childhood obesity and increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. This study sought to explore how body size in childhood and adulthood independently affects CKD risk in later life using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods: Univariate and multivariate MR was used to estimate total and independent effects of body size exposures. Genetic associations with early-life and adult body size were obtained from a genome-wide association study of 453,169 participants in the U.K. Biobank, and genetic associations with CKD were obtained from the CKDGen and FinnGen consortia. Results: A larger genetically predicted early-life body size was associated with an increased risk of CKD (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 1.41; P= 1.70E-05) and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (β=0.010; 95% CI, 0.005 to 0.021; P=0.001). However, the association between the impact of early-life body size on CKD (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.31; P=0.173) and BUN level (β=0.001; 95% CI, –0.010 to 0.012;P= 0.853) did not remain statistically significant after adjustment for adult body size. Larger genetically predicted adult body size was associated with an increased risk of CKD (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.54; P= 4.60E-07), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (β=–0.011; 95% CI, –0.017 to –0.006; P=5.79E-05), and increased BUN level (β= 0.010; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.019; P= 0.018). Conclusion Our research indicates that the significant correlation between early-life body size and CKD risk is likely due to maintaining a large body size into adulthood.

Background: Whether there is a causal relationship between childhood obesity and increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. This study sought to explore how body size in childhood and adulthood independently affects CKD risk in later life using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods: Univariate and multivariate MR was used to estimate total and independent effects of body size exposures. Genetic associations with early-life and adult body size were obtained from a genome-wide association study of 453,169 participants in the U.K. Biobank, and genetic associations with CKD were obtained from the CKDGen and FinnGen consortia. Results: A larger genetically predicted early-life body size was associated with an increased risk of CKD (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 1.41; P= 1.70E-05) and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (β=0.010; 95% CI, 0.005 to 0.021; P=0.001). However, the association between the impact of early-life body size on CKD (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.31; P=0.173) and BUN level (β=0.001; 95% CI, –0.010 to 0.012;P= 0.853) did not remain statistically significant after adjustment for adult body size. Larger genetically predicted adult body size was associated with an increased risk of CKD (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.54; P= 4.60E-07), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (β=–0.011; 95% CI, –0.017 to –0.006; P=5.79E-05), and increased BUN level (β= 0.010; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.019; P= 0.018). Conclusion Our research indicates that the significant correlation between early-life body size and CKD risk is likely due to maintaining a large body size into adulthood.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), in order to provide scientific evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in elderly patients.Methods:Clinical data of 102 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the B11 East Ward of the Zhongfaxincheng campus and the E1-3 ward of the Guanggu Campus of Tongji Hospital affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan from 1 February 2020 to 28 February 2020 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Patients were categorized into 2 groups: the elderly group(≥60 years old)and the young and middle-aged group(<60 years old). Differences in epidemiological features, demographics, clinical symptoms, laboratory results and imaging findings between the two groups were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among 102 patients with COVID-19, 58 were in the elderly group(≥60 years old), with a median age of 67.0(63.8, 71.0)years old, and 44 in the young and middle-aged group(<60 years old), with a median age of 47.5(38.0, 51.8)years old.There was no significant difference in gender ratio between the two groups( χ2=0.033, P=0.855). Of 102 patients, 42.0%(21/50)had close contact with an infected person, 14.0%(7/50)were from infection clusters, and 18.0%(9/50)had suspected hospital-acquired infections.Fever and cough remained the most common symptoms, but gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, poor appetite, diarrhea and muscle cramps were also warning signs.Fatigue and cough were the most common presenting symptoms in elderly male patients.Bilateral patchy infiltrates(57.9%, 22/38)and ground-glass opacities(42.1%, 16/38)were the main imaging features and 42.1%(16/38)patients had multiple areas of the lungs involved.Over 50% patients had increased levels of blood glucose, D-dimer, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, multiple cytokines and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, as well as decreased levels of albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocytes and serum calcium.Compared with the young and middle-aged group, the elderly group had higher rates of abnormality in levels of D-dimer and serum calcium( χ2=7.067 and 4.166, P=0.008 and 0.041). Conclusions:Fever and cough are the most common symptoms in elderly patients with COVID-19.Elderly patients with COVID-19 have multiple abnormalities in clinical laboratory test results, which show a certain level of specificity compared with young and middle-aged patients.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of postoperative hypoxemia in patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) for resuscitation.Methods:Clinical data of 220 postoperative patients admitted to the ICU for resuscitation in Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University from June to August 2020 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. According to their oxygenation index within 30 minutes after admission to ICU, they were divided into hypoxemia group (oxygenation index≤ 300 mmHg, 1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa) and non-hypoxemia group (oxygenation index > 300 mmHg). Baseline data and perioperative indicators were compared between the two groups, and risk factors for early postoperative hypoxemia were analyzed. The improvement of oxygenation index of patients with hypoxemia in next morning after admission to ICU was observed, and the factors related to the improvement of hypoxemia were analyzed.Results:The incidence of hypoxemia was 36.8% (81/220) in the cohort. The majority cases of hypoxemia were from general surgery department, accounting for 42.0% (34/81). The incidence rate of hypoxemia from orthopaedic was the highest at 53.3% (16/30). Univariate analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), intraoperative hypoxemia, minimally invasive surgery were all risk factors of postoperative hypoxemia (test values were -2.566, 12.352 and 0.033; P values were 0.010, 0.000 and 0.019, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that intraoperative hypoxemia and BMI were independent risk factors for postoperative hypoxemia [intraoperative hypoxemia: odds ratio ( OR) = 3.602, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.143-3.817, P = 0.001; BMI: OR = 1.119, 95% CI was 1.026-1.208, P = 0.036]. The improvement rate of hypoxemia next morning after admission to ICU was 63.0% (51/81). Pulmonary dysfunction was the independent risk factor for the improvement of hypoxemia ( OR = 0.200, 95% CI was 0.052-0.763, P = 0.019). Conclusions:Hypoxemia might occur early after surgery. Intraoperative hypoxemia and BMI were independent risk factors for postoperative hypoxemia.