Development of liver fibrosis is closely associated with angiogenesis and abnormal vascular remodeling. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in fibrogenesis, the results that inhibition of angiogenesis is effective in suppression of liver fibrosis demonstrate that therapies with several molecular targets against angiogenesis, inflammation and fibrosis might be beneficial for the treatment of cirrhosis. However, there is some evidence that inhibition of angiogenesis can even worsen fibrosis. This article outlines recent advances regarding the interplay between inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrogenesis in terms of cellular and molecular mechanisms, and suggests a requirement of greater understanding to intervene in these key processes, such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestration and impact distinct chemokine actions driving monocyte migration and differentiation, for therapeutic benefit in the future.
Humans ; Inflammation ; therapy ; Liver Cirrhosis ; therapy ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; therapy ; Vascular Remodeling

Objective To explore the effects of percutaneous renal biopsy(PRB) on the etiological diagnosis and therapeutic regimen of patients with acute renal failure(ARF),so as to further improve the diagnostic and therapeutic levels of ARF.Methods From Nov.1992 to Dec.2007,176 patients were admitted in the Renal Division of Nanfang Hospital.All the patients matched the diagnostic criteria and were clinically diagnosed as ARF:within 48h the serum creatinine(SCr) ascended(≥26.5?mol/L) and increased by more than 50%,and the urine volume of less than 0.5ml/kg?h persisted in 6 hours.All the patients were undergone PRB and the clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Results The final etiological diagnosis rate elevated from 64.2%(113/176) before PRB to 96.6%(170/176) after PRB.The coincidence of etiological diagnosis before and after PRB was 95.6%(108/113).Of 176 cases,170 were finally diagnosed as ARF,and the 6 remainders who were clinically misdiagnosed as ARF were finally diagnosed as chronic renal insufficiency(CRI).The therapeutic regimen for 83 patients was supplemented and for another 10 patients was modified after PRB,the total adjusted rate was up to 52.8%(93/176).After PRB,8 patients were finally diagnosed as IgA nephropathy,of them one case was specifically diagnosed as IgA protractedly leading to CRI,6 cases were ARF complicated with IgA,and one case was crescent formation induced by IgA nephropathy that leading to ARF.Conclusion PRB is a very useful technique for the etiological diagnosis of ARF on determining the therapeutic regimen and defining the prognosis.

Copper is an essential trace element and plays an important role in the synthesis and function of many metabolic enzymes. However,it may be toxic when copper is overloaded. Numerous studies have been conducted on copper metabolism,especially the toxicity on liver;but systemic review is rare. This article is a systemic review on metabolism, mechanism of toxic effect,liver disease related to overloading of copper,and illustrates the effect of copper on liver ultra structure,oxidative stress,mitochondrial function,cell cycle and apoptosis.

By reviewing the practice of informed consent,the authors analyzed the elements,forms of informing and consent,main parts,contents,informing process,signing,and saving of the informed consent and put forward some suggestions which are useful for the medical scientific resesxchers and management personnel.

Objective To probe into the significance and role of double testing of blood for virus markers.Methods The data on the results of routine blood testing at some blood centers in China from July to December,1999 were gathered and analysed.The blood donors with inconsistent results during the double testing were followed up and their blood samples were collected at least half a year later.Nucleic acid amplification testing(NAT) was performed on the samples.Results Only 0.63% of the donors showed inconsistent results during the double testing.Most of the positive results were false positive.Conclusion The double testing currently implemented does not help significantly improve the quality of the blood supply.It is important to enhance blood safety further by improvement of quality of the reagents and introduction of NAT.

Objective To understand the clinical features of primary Sjgren′s syndrome (pSS) in both sex,thus to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment.Methods Clinical data of 77 cases of pSS were collected and analyzed.Results No significant difference was found between male and female in mean age of onset and average disease duration at the time of diagnosis.Patients with dry mouth/eye as a complaint for seeing a doctor accounted for only less than a half;whereas,hyper ? globulinemia existed in more than 90% of the patients.The onset symptom in male was more different from female.Dry mouth/eye,arthralgia,pulmonary manifestations,renal tubular acidosis,and dermatic manifestations were the frequent presentations.Dry mouth/eye presented latter,uncommon,and milder in male than in female.However,no difference was found between male and female in the incidence of salivary gland involvement.Pulmonary symptoms presented earlier,and the incidence of pulmonary fibrosis was higher in male than in female.Whereas,the pulmonary symptom occurred earlier in male patients,and the incidence of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis was higher in male than in female.The incidence of positive RF and anti SSA/SSB antibody was significantly lower in male than in female.Conclusion Primary Sjgren′s syndrome is one of the systemic immune diseases.It′s clinical manifestations were diverse.Less than a half of patients see a doctor because of dry mouth/eye.There are many differences between male and female patients in clinical presentations;and the incidence of positive auto antibodies is lower in male patients than in female.

Objective To assess the blood safety under the current sero-screening program and gain experience on how to implement NAT as a routine assay for blood screening in China. Methods Sera from 103,539 non-remunerated donors of Shanghai blood center were tested by Chiron's Procleix(TMA HIV-1/HCV Assay in 2 study stages with 8 and 24 sample-pool respectively. Results 5 NAT positive samples were found to be Anti-HCV EIA-2 test positive at the same time. No window period cases of HIV-1/HCV were found in this donor group. But 275 (0.27% ) anti-HCV and 107 (0. 10%) anti-HIV false positive samples were identified by the second sero-screening. Conclusion The blood quality of Shanghai city was high to be close to the level of developed countries and the window period risk of HIV-1 and HCV was less than 1:100,000. With its high sensitivity and specificity,Procleix( TMA HIV-1/HCV Assay can be used in routine blood screening in China.

Objective To investigate the effects of postoperative sleep deprivation on the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in hippocampi of aged rats.Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats,aged 20 months,weighing 500-600 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) ; operation group (group O) ; sleep deprivation group (group S) ; postoperative sleep deprivation group (group OS).Sleep deprivation was induced in the rats by housing them on small platforms over water.They fell into the water if they lost muscle tone.All the rats had free access to food and water.In group OS,splenectomy was performed,and all the rats underwent 24 h sleep deprivation after the rats were awake.All the rats underwent 24 h sleep deprivation at the corresponding time point in group S.Morris water maze test was carried out at 24 h after operation.The number of ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region was counted after completion of Morris water maze test.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,and the frequency of crossing the original platform and the number of ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were decreased after operation in O and OS groups,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group S.Compared with group O,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased,and there was no significant difference in the numberof ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region in group OS,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group S.Compared with group S,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,and the frequency of crossing the original platform and the number of ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were decreased after operation in group OS.Conclusion The mechanism by which postoperative sleep deprivation induces cognitive decline is not related to the expression of ChAT in hippocampi of aged rats.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of chitosan in the repair of clinical surgery wounds.Methods The databases of Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR),Embase database,Medline database,PubMed database,CNKI database,WanFang database,VIP database and Chinese Biomedical Journal Library (CMCC) were retrieved with computer for collecting randomized controlled trials (RCT) about the repair clinical surgery wounds healing.Meta-analysis on all the data are carried out by RevMan 5.0 software.Results There were totally 16 trials and 3414 patients included.The results showed that the wound healing time ofchitosan was significantly shorter than that of the control group [WMD =-0.64,95％CI (-0.69～-0.59),P ＜ 0.000 01],and chitosan can better promote wound healing [RR =1.03,95％CI (1.01～1.04),P =0.0002].In experimental group,postoperativepain were reliever [WMD =-3.49,95％CI (-5.07～-1.91),P ＜ 0.0001],and postoperative infection were reduced [RR =0.49,95％CI (0.33～0.71),P =0.0002].Conclusion The existing evidences indicate that chitosan can shorten postoperative wound healing time,promote wound healing,relieve pain,and reduce infection.However,the study is limited by the quality of included literature,more clinical trials should be done to confirm the effective and safety.

0.05). Postoperative cataract incidence was higher in the patients without IOL implantation than that in the patients with IOL implantation. Postoperative cataract appeared 6 months after operation in the patients without IOL implantation, while it appeared 14 months after operation in the patients with IOL implantation. There was no significant difference in the postoperative complications between group A and group B. Conclusions Combined surgery is effective and safe for the selected patients of primary retinal detachment accompanied with cataract.