OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the dried and nearly ripe fruits of Evodia (Euodia) rutaecarpa.

METHODThe compounds were separated and purified by solvent and chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic techniques.

RESULTFifteen compounds were separated from the normal butanol extracts of the 70% aqueous ethanol extract of the dried and nearly ripe fruits of E. rutaecarpa. Among of them, four compounds were reported in the essay and identified as diosmetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (2), diosmin (3) and chrysoeriol-7-O-rutinoside (4).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1, 3 and 4 were separated from the dried and nearly ripe fruits of E. rutaecarpa for the first time.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Evodia ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure

Objective To evaluate the reliability, validity and sensitivity of a Family Burden Scale (FBS) of disease used on schistosomiasis. Methods 224 schistosomiasis patients were investigated, using the FBS. Reliability was estimated by Cronbach's α coefficient and split-half reliability. Validity was tested by factor analysis. Sensitivity was evaluated by comparison of patients with different income levels. Results The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.874 and split-half reliability was 0.939 for FBS, respectively. Most values of Cronbach's α and split-half reliability for each component of scale were above 0.70. Construct validity was appraised by factor analysis, and 6 factors were identified. These factors could explain 66.76 % of the total variance. Patients with different income levels showed significant difference in terms of family burden for schistosomiasis (P<0.001 ). Conclusion This FBS appeared to have satisfactory reliability, validity and sensitivity and could be used in evaluating family burden of schistosomiasis patients.

Objective To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control and prevention in Yangxin County from 2004 to 2015,so as to provide the evidence for improving the work of schistosomiasis transmission interrupted and elimination in the fu-ture. Methods According to the endemic types and endemic regularity of schistosomiasis in Yangxin County,the comprehen-sive control strategies were adopted,and the programs related to sanitation,water conservancy,forestry,and agriculture were implemented continuously. The schistosomiasis control effects in this county from 2004 to 2015 were analyzed and compared. Re-sults After the implementation of the schistosomiasis comprehensive control strategies in Yangxin County ,the calculated num-ber of patients reduced from 22240 in 2004 to 1471 in 2015,the infection rate of residents reduced from 8.57%in 2004 to 0.16%in 2015,the number of patients with acute schistosome infection reduced from 64 in 2004 to 0,and no cases of acute schistosomiasis found since 2009. The infection rate of cattle decreased from 8.87%in 2004 to 0. The area with Oncomelania hu-pensis snails and the area of susceptible zone reduced from 3446.21 hm2 and 1111.59 hm2 in 2004 to 2285.75 hm2 and 41.28 hm2 in 2015 respectively,and the schistosome-infection rate of snails reduced from 0.76%in 2004 to 0. Conclusions Since the comprehensive control strategy implemented from 2004,the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Yangxin County has de-creased significantly. However,the harness force of the Fu River as well as the control of infection source of livestock still should be strengthened to consolidate the control achievement.

To develop and optimize a simultaneous detection method of RotavirusA, Norovirus GI, GII, Sapovirus, human astrovirus, enteric adenoviruses and HBoV2 with GenomeLab GeXP analysis system. The sensitivity was verified to be 10(4) copies/microL with plasmids containing the viral targets in triplicate on different days, and no cross-reaction with enterovirus71, human Parechovirus and PicobirnavirusII was observed. Finally, we successfully developed a high throughout, rapid and maneuverable multiplex RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of seven viruses related with viral gastroenteritis, which provide a novel method for the molecular diagnosis of diarrhea-associated virus.
Gastroenteritis ; virology ; Humans ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Viruses ; isolation & purification

To study if rhesus haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation model can be established by non-myeloablative conditioning, parent monkeys were used as donors, offspring monkeys were used as recipients. The recipient monkeys received a nonmyeloablative conditioning consisting of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, total body irradiation and rabbit anti-human thymocyte globulin. Cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil and anti CD25 antibody were used for GVHD prevention. Donor mobilized peripheral blood stem cells were transplantated on day 0. Hematopoietic recovery, chimerism level, GVHD were assessed regularly. The results indicated that hematopoietic recoveries in all 4 cases were observed within 8 days after transplantation. Donor hematopoietic chimerism could be induced in all cases, chimerism analysis showed full donor chimerism (FDC) in case 3 and 4, and II to III grade GVHD developed on day 12 and 14. In case 1, only low level donor chimerism was detected on day 7, and transplantation rejection happened eventually. Unfortunately, kidney failure happened in case 2 after conditioning and died several days later, chimerism analysis showed 50% donor rate on day 7. It is concluded that the rhesus transplantation model was successfully established by nonmyeloablative conditioning for striding over the MHC barrier. This rhesus monkey model would provide a basis for future research.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; administration & dosage ; Cyclosporine ; administration & dosage ; Graft vs Host Disease ; blood ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; immunology ; Karyotyping ; Macaca mulatta ; Models, Animal ; Mycophenolic Acid ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Time Factors ; Transplantation Chimera ; blood ; genetics ; Transplantation Conditioning ; methods ; Transplantation, Homologous

Food intake has a great influence on blood glucose in patients with diabetes.This study was to determine the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of a particular pomelo named Majia pomelo and its effects on postprandial glucose (PPG) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Twenty healthy subjects and 20 T2D patients (controlled on lifestyle measures and/or metformin) were tested on 2 separate days with 50 g of glucose and 50 g equivalent of carbohydrates from Majia pomelo for GI measurement.To test effects of Majia pomelo on PPG,19 hospitalized T2D patients (controlled on insulin therapy) were selected for a 9-day study.The dose of insulin for each patient was adjusted on the first 3 days.A total of 100 mg Majia pomelo was consumed per meal in the last 3 tested days.Blood glucose was measured to evaluate the glycemic excursions.The GIs for Majia pomelo in healthy individuals and T2D patients were 78.34± 1.88 and 72.15±1.95 respectively.The value of GL was as low as 4.23 in diabetic patients with serving size of 100 g pomelo,indicting Majia pomelo as a high GI but low GL fruit.Consumption of Majia pomelo in hospitalized T2D patients did not cause significant glucose fluctuation.It was concluded that high GI pomelo can serve as a low GL fruit if it is consumed with a limited daily amount and thus can be supplied to diabetic patients.These results may mean more varieties of food choices for T2D patients.

Metabolomics based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to study the initiation and development of diabetes in rats, and the ability of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) to ameliorate this pathology. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin. The rats were randomly divided into a normal control group treated with drug-free solution (NC), a normal control group treated with GBE (N-GBE), a DM group treated with drug-free solution (DM), and a DM group treated with GBE (D-GBE); rats were maintained on this protocol for 9 weeks. Rat plasma was collected from the sixth week to the ninth week and then analyzed with LC-MS. Animal experimentation was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of Xuzhou Medical University. Twelve plasma metabolites with continuous differentiation were monitored to indicate dysfunction of metabolic pathways including fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, bile acid metabolism, and purine metabolism to confirm the occurrence and development of DM. Treatment with GBE partially reversed the changes seen in five metabolites in DM rats, indicating that GBE could prevent the occurrence and development of DM by acting on fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical effects of different postoperative rehabilitation modes on lumbar degenerative diseases, and explore influence of rehabilitation mode and other factors on postoperative effect. METHODS: From June 2013 to July 2016, totally 900 patients were admitted from nine tertiary hospitals in Beijing to perform single segment bone grafting and internal fixation due to lumbar degenerative diseases were prospectively analyzed. There were 428 males and 472 females, the age of patient over 18 years old, with an average of (51.42±12.41) years old;according to patients' subjective wishes and actual residence conditions, all patients were divided into three groups, named as observation group 1 (performed integrated rehabilitation approach and orthopedic treatment model intervention), observation group 2 (performed integrated rehabilitation approach and orthopedic treatment, classified rehabilitation model intervention), and control group(performed routine rehabilitation model intervention). Visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) were used to evaluate postoperative efficacy among three groups at 24 weeks. Possible factors affecting the postoperative efficacy including age, age grouping, gender, body mass index (BMI), BMI grouping, education level, visiting hospital, payment method of medical expenses, preoperative complications, preoperative JOA score, clinical diagnosis, surgery section, operative method, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative complications and rehabilitation mode were listed as independent variables, and postoperative ODI score at 24 weeks as dependent variables. Univariate analysis was used to analyze relationship between influencing factors and postoperative efficacy. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze relationship between influencing factors, rehabilitation mode and postoperative ODI score at 24 weeks, in further to find out the main reasons which affect postoperative efficacy, and to analyze impact of rehabilitation mode on postoperative efficacy. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 24 weeks after operation. All incisions healed at stage I with stable internal fixation. (1)Evaluation of postoperative efficacy:① There were no statistical differences in preoperative VAS and ODI among three groups( CONCLUSION Preoperative JOA score, gender, age could predict postoperative clinical effects of lumbar degenerative diseases in varying degrees treated with single level bone graft fusion and internal fixation. Different rehabilitation modes could improve clinical effects. Intergrated rehabilitation orthopedic treatment model and integrated rehabilitation approach and orthopedic treatment with classifiedrehabilitation model are superior to conventional rehabilitation model in improving patients' postoperative function and relieving pain, which is worthy of promoting in clinical.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery* ; Lumbosacral Region ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the quality of reporting of clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation.Methods A comprehensive retrieve was performed in electronic databases of PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang data, etc., from January 1, 2017 to January 11, 2020. Supplementary searches had been done on relevant websites. Two researchers reviewed literatures and assessed the reporting quality independently by using Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT), and any disagreements needed to be discussed in a consensus meeting.Results A total of 16 guidelines were included, with an average reporting rate of (44.8±27.9)%. Among the seven domains of RIGHT, basic information was reported the highest (57.3%), and evidence (31.3%) and other information (31.3%) was the lowest. The reporting rate was less as the guidelines published in China than in foreign contries (OR = 0.80, 95%CI 0.56-1.16), in original version than in update version (OR = 0.79, 95%CI 0.54-1.16); and higher as developed by various societies or associations than developed by non-societies or associations (OR = 1.15, 95%CI 0.82-1.61), however, no statistically significant difference was found in above comparisons.Conclusion Current clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation reported with low quality. It is proposed that future guideline developers should report guidelines after RIGHT statements, including key information and content, in order to improve the quality of reporting guidelines.

Objective: To investigate the response characteristics of patients with locally advanced/metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (nsq-NSCLC) treated with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy in the first line. Methods: Patients with nsq-NSCLC who achieved complete or partial remission after treatment with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone in the RATIONALE 304 study, as assessed by an independent review board, were selected to analyze the response characteristics and safety profile of the responders. Time to response (TTR) was defined as the time from randomization to the achievement of first objective response. Depth of response (DpR) was defined as the maximum percentage of tumor shrinkage compared with the sum of the baseline target lesion length diameters. Results: As of January 23, 2020, 128 patients treated with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy achieved objective tumor response (responders), representing 57.4%(128/223) of the intention-to-treat population, with a TTR of 5.1 to 33.3 weeks and a median TTR of 7.9 weeks. Of the responders (128), 50.8%(65) achieved first remission at the first efficacy assessment (week 6), 31.3%(40) at the second efficacy assessment (week 12), and 18.0%(23) at the third and subsequent tumor assessments. The percentages of responders who achieved a depth of tumor response of 30% to <50%, 50% to <70% and 70% to 100% were 45.3%(58/128), 28.1%(36/128) and 26.6%(34/128), respectively, with median progression-free survival (PFS) of 9.0 months (95% CI: 7.7 to 9.9 months), 11.5 months (95% CI: 7.7 months to not reached) and not reached (95% CI: 11.8 months to not estimable), respectively. Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy were generally well tolerated in responders with similar safety profile to the overall safety population. Conclusion: Among responders to tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy for nsq-NSCLC, 82.0%(105/128) achieves response within the first two tumor assessments (12 weeks) and 18.0%(23/128) achieves response at later (18 to 33 weeks) assessments, and there is a trend toward prolonged PFS in responders with deeper tumor response.
Humans ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Treatment Outcome