OBJECTIVETo compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of pyridostigmine bromide dispersible tablets and common tablets in rabbits.

METHODSTwelve rabbits were given an oral dose (60 mg) of pyridostigmine bromide dispersible tablets or common tablets in a randomized crossover study. The plasma concentration of pyridostigmine bromide was determined by reversed-phase ion pair chromatography. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS2.1.1 software.

RESULTSThe pharmacokinetic parameters showed no significant differences in rabbit plasma between pyridostigmine bromide dispersible tablets and common tablets. The two tablets had a C(max) of 1.83∓0.08 mg·L(-1) and 1.68∓0.03 mg·L(-1), tmax of 2.33∓0.41 h and 2.58∓0.20 h, AUC(0-24) of 15.50∓0.62 mg·h·L(-1) and 15.14∓0.30 mg·h·L(-1), AUC(0-∞) of 15.82∓0.70 mg·h·L(-1) and 15.57∓0.32 mg·h·L(-1), respectively. The relative bioavailability F(0-24) was 102.38% and F(0-∞) was 101.61% for the dispersible tablets.

CONCLUSIONThe two tablets are bioequivalent in rabbits.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Female ; Male ; Pyridostigmine Bromide ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rabbits ; Tablets ; Therapeutic Equivalency

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and clinical effect of the extended reverse digital artery island flap including dorsal digital nerve.

METHODSSince 2001, 7 cases of pulp and digital palm defects were repaired by the extended reverse digital artery island flap including dorsal digital nerve.

RESULTSAll the flaps survived. Follow-up showed satisfactory results functionally and cosmetically with 2-PD of 6-9 mm.

CONCLUSIONSThe extended reverse digital artery island flap is a safe and feasible and an effective method for repair of finger pulp defects.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Finger Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgery, Plastic ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome

The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism underlying the blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Analysis of gene expression profiles of chronic myeloid leukemia patients in chronic phase and blast crisis were analyzed by using cDNA microarray representing 4096 genes for finding the differential expression genes. The results indicated that 74 differential expression genes were identified in at least 3 gene chips in blast crisis compared with chronic phase, among them 52 genes were down-regulated and 22 genes were up-regulated in blast crisis. The differential expression genes were involved in these genes including genes related to cell structure/mobility, signal transduction, transcription factor, related immunity, metabolism, cell cycle, oncogene/anti-oncogene, cell receptor, protein translation/synthesis and some unknown functions. It is concluded that the blast crisis of CML is resulted from abnormality and interaction of multigene, among them functional abnormal genes related to signal transduction, cell cycle, cell differentiation and immunity may be the critical genes for chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Genes, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) feature of multiple cerebral sclerosis (MS) for better understanding and diagnosis of this disease.

METHODSThe MRI data of 32 patients with MS were reviewed. Conventional scanning with T1WI, T2WI, Flair sequence was performed, and 26 patients underwent Gd-DTPA enhanced scanning. The MS plaques were analyzed for their locations, sizes, shapes, MR signals and enhanced features, space-occupying signs, and the related corpus callosum changes and brain atrophy. Descriptive statistical method was used for all the data.

RESULTSMRI identified MS lesions in the brain in 30 cases, with the sensitivity of 93.75%. All the MS patients had multiple lesions with predilection sites of the cortical/juxtacortical and periventricle areas, the centrum semiovale, and the corpus callosum. Most of the MS plaques were round or oval of different sizes. Bilateral lesions were almost symmetrical in distribution. Twenty patients had "rectangular demyelination" and 12 had "dirty white matter" signs, and 11 had both manifestations. The lesions were isointense, slightly hypointense or hypointense on T1WI, and hyperintense on T2WI and Flair sequences. Most of the MS plaques presented no enhancement, with occasional nodular or circular enhancement. No or slight space-occupying effect was found in the plaques. Of the 28 MS patients undergoing sagittal scanning of the corpus callosum, 17 presented with abnormal signals, with the sensitivity of 60.71% (17/28). Five patients had corpus callosum atrophy, and 10 had brain atrophy of different degrees.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that the corpus callosum is often compromised by the MS lesions to present diffusive, nodular, radiating signal abnormalities and irregular ependymal thickening, which can be most obvious with sagittal FLAIR imaging.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain ; pathology ; Corpus Callosum ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis ; diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the hemodynamic changes of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) evolved from hepatic cirrhosis using CT perfusion imaging.

METHODSThirty-two patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma evolved from virus-induced fibrosis or cirrhosis underwent dynamic CT scanning of the target slices for 60 min. The perfusion parameters of the hepatic parenchyma and HCC including the blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), permeability-surface area product (PS), hepatic arterial fraction (HAF), IRF time of arrival (IRF TO) were obtained. Paired-sample t test was used to determine the differences in the perfusion parameters between the hepatic parenchyma and the primary HCC mass.

RESULTSCompared with hepatic BF (117.13-/+31.05 ml/100 mg/min), BV (14.73-/+3.91 ml/100 mg), PS (31.93-/+5.91 ml/100 mg/min), HAF (25.02-/+8.19%), MTT (12.79-/+3.31 s), IRF TO (3.14-/+1.09 s), the primary HCC mass showed significant increments in the BF (239.69-/+96.07 ml/100 mg/min), BV (20.26-/+6.73 ml/100 mg), PS (37.50-/+9.50 ml/100 mg/min), HAF (68.97-/+15.22%) with decreased MTT (7.17-/+1.38 s) and IRF TO (2.42-/+0.94 s). Significant differences were found in all the perfusion parameters between the hepatic parenchyma and HCC (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONLiver perfusion parameters can represent the hemodynamic changes in the HCC derived from hepatic cirrhosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Hepatitis ; complications ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perfusion ; methods ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; instrumentation ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To study the clinical and MRI features of multiple sclerosis and to get a better understanding and diagnosing level of brain multiple sclerosis. Methods Twenty patients of brain multiple sclerosis were evaluated retrospectively with regard to clinical data, lesion location,shapes, MR signal and enhancement patterns, as well as the changes of corpus callosum. Results Multiple sclerosis often occurred in young and middle-aged women with acute and subacute onset. The initial symptoms included visual disturbance, acrognosis or motor disturbance. The vision-evoked potential was abnormal in most patients. Lesions were found in 18 patients by MRI scanning, the sensitivity of MKI being 90% (18/20). The distribution of lesions were observed most frequently at the two sides of periventricle, cortical and juxtacortical of frontal lobe and centrum semiovale. The shape of lesions were mostly round or ovate with different sizes. Two typical manifestations of multiple sclerosis were "right-angle demyelination sign" and "dirty-appearing white matter ". The lesions showed as isointensive or hypointensive on T1WI, hyperintensive on T2WI and Flair sequences. The lesions showed as nodular enhancement, ringlike enhancement, arc enhancement or nonenhancment on T1 enhancement scanning. Conclusions MRI appearances of multiple sclerosis have some characteristics. MRI is helpful to diagnosis and differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, and also the most sensitive imaging method for multiple sclerosis.

Objective To propose time-effect standards and standard treatment measures for battlefield extremity injuries.Methods By conducting retrospective analysis of battlefield extremity injuries in the militariy in different countries using literature retrieval and comparative analysis,time-effect standards and standard technical measures of battlefield extremity injuries were outlined.Results In wars of conventional weapons,extremity injuries are the most prevalent.Such treatment should give top priority to the timing of rescue and be implemented in conjunction with the injury classification.Conclusion Time-effect standards and standard treatment measures for battlefield extremity injuries are proposed to strengthen the time-effect treatment capacity of battlefield extremity injuries.

BACKGROUNDAutoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies against γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABA B R) in patients with limbic encephalitis (LE) was first described in 2010. We present a series of Han Chinese patients for further clinical refinement.

METHODSSerum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients referred to the program of encephalitis and paraneoplastic syndrome of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were tested with indirect immunofluorescence. Clinical information of patients with anti-GABA B R antibody positivity was retrospectively reviewed, and descriptive statistical analysis was performed.

RESULTSAll eighteen anti-GABA B R antibody-positive cases had limbic syndromes, and electroencephalogram (EEG) or neuroimaging evidence fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of LE. Four patients had additional antibodies against Hu in serum and one had anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibody in both sera and CSF. Seventeen (17/18) patients presented with new-onset refractory seizure or status epileptics. Twelve (12/18) patients had memory deficits, 11 (11/18) patients had personality change, 7 (7/18) patients had disturbance of consciousness, and 3 (3/18) patients showed cerebellar dysfunction. One patient with LE had progressive motor and sensory polyneuropathy. Lung cancer was detected in 6 (6/18) patients. Ten (10/18) patients showed abnormality in bilateral or unilateral mediotemporal region on magnetic resonance imaging. Ten (10/18) patients had temporal lobe epileptic activity with or without general slowing on EEG. Seventeen patients received immunotherapy and 15 of them showed neurological improvement. Four patients with lung cancer died within 1-12 months due to neoplastic complications.

CONCLUSIONSOur study demonstrates that most Han Chinese patients with anti-GABA B R antibody-associated LE have prominent refractory epilepsy and show neurological improvement on immunotherapy. Patients with underlying lung tumor have a relatively poor prognosis. Testing for anti-GABA B R antibodies is necessary for patients with possible LE or new-onset epilepsy with unknown etiology.

Adult ; Autoantibodies ; immunology ; China ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; immunology ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Limbic Encephalitis ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; immunology ; Retrospective Studies ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDAnti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a treatable autoimmune neurologic syndrome that occurs with or without tumor association. However, some severe cases are refractory to systemic immunotherapy. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the utility and safety of intrathecal methotrexate injection for severe patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis who did not respond to first-line immunotherapy.

METHODSIntrathecal injections with methotrexate and dexamethasone were performed weekly in four legible patients within consecutive 4 weeks. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected at baseline and each time of intrathecal injection for identification of anti-NMDAR antibody titers.

RESULTSSignificant clinical improvement was observed in three patients associated with a stepwise decrease of CSF anti-NMDAR antibody titers (maximum: 1/320 to minimum: 1/10). After 2 months of follow-up, they were able to follow simple commands and had appropriate interactions with people (modified Rankin scale [mRS] of 0-2). At 12 months of follow-up, they all had returned to most activities of daily life (mRS of 0), and no relapses were reported. One patient showed no clinical improvement and died of neurologic complications.

CONCLUSIONSIntrathecal treatment may be a potentially useful supplementary therapy in severely affected patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Further large cohort study and animal experiment may help us elaborate the utility of intrathecal injection of methotrexate and its mechanism of action.

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution characteristics of thalassemia genotype in Han Population in Sanya of Hainan Province. METHODS: Gap PCR and reverse dot hybridization were used to detect and analyze the thalassemia gene in 572 suspected thalassemia carriers of Han Population in Sanya. RESULTS: Among the 572 Han Population in Sanya, 271 cases of thalassemia gene abnormality were detected, among which 161 cases were founded to be carriers of α-thalassemia gene. A total of 9 genotypes were detected, in the following order of the detection rate was －－^SEA/αα，－α^3.7/αα，－α^4.2/αα，－－^SEA/－α^3.7，－－^SEA/－α^4.2，－α^4.2/－α^4.2，－α^3.7/－α^4.2，－α^3.7/－α^3.7，－－^SEA/－－^SEA. Among them, the deletion type (－－^SEA/αα) in southeast Asia was the most common, accounting for 66 cases. 99 cases of β-thalassemia were detected, there were 7 genotypes, all of which were heterozygous. The order of the detection rate was CD41-42/βN, IVS-II-654/βN, CD17/βN, CD71-72/βN, -28/βN, －29/βN, CD27-28/βN. Among them, CD41-42/βN was the most common, accounting for 51 cases. In addition, 11 cases of combined α and β thalassemia were detected. Five kinds of genotypes were checked out, the order of detection rate was －α^3.7/αα composite CD41-42/βN, －－^SEA/αα composite IVS-II-654/βN, －α^4.2/－α^4.2 composite CD41-42/βN, －α^4.2/αα composite －29/βN , －－^SEA/ －α^4.2 composite CD41-42/βN. CONCLUSION Han Population in Sanya of Hainan Province is a high-risk population of thalassemia, the genotype characteristics are different from other areas with high incidence of thalassemia in China. The main type of α-thalassemia is the deficiency mutation of southeast Asia, while CD41-42 heterozygous mutation is the main type of β-thalassemia.
China/epidemiology* ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Mutation ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics* ; beta-Thalassemia