Objective To investigate the effect of green light laser in complex posterior urethral stricture after surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods Green light laser was applied in treating 20 cases of complex iatrogenic posterior urethral stricture.Of these cases,12 had false passages,5 had more than 2 strictures and 5 had concurrently urethratresia.The scar tissues were transure- thrally vaporized and resected.The in-dwelling urethral catheter time was 1-2 months after operation. Results All the patients were initially cured without serious complications.The mean operative time was 39 rain (range,30-65 min).During the follow-up of 2-10 months,1 case had mild incontinence:another case (Q_(max)＜9ml/s 2 weeks after surgery) got satisfactory results(Q_(max)＞15ml/s)after the scheduled urethral dilatation.The other 18 cases were treated successfully and voided fluently with postoperative Q_(max)＞15ml/s in all.Conclusions It is suggested that transurethral green light laser procedure is not only safe and ef- fective,but also simple and minimally iuvasive for complex posterior urethral stricture following surgical treat- ment of BPH.

Ureteral fibroepithelial polyp accompanied by intussusception is a rare occurrence. Currently, most ureteral polyps could be removed readily by ureteroscopy. Nevertheless, endoscopic resection can be difficult in patient with a large polyp, especially accompanied by an intussusception. We described our experience and laparoscopic technique for treatment of a symptomatic 63-year-old woman who presented with a pedunculated, 9-cm-long, left lower ureteral, fibroepithelial polyp accompanied by a 2-cm-long intussusception.
Female ; Humans ; Intussusception ; pathology ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Polyps ; pathology ; surgery ; Ureter ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVEBased on two sets of data from occupational epidemiology, Benchmark dose (BMD) was applied to estimate biological exposure limit (BEL).

METHODSCadmium exposed workers were selected from a cadmium smelting and a zinc products factory and control group was selected from doctors or nurses and staff from shops living in the same area; Urinary cadmium (UCd) was used as exposure biomarker and urinary beta(2) microglobulin (UBM), NAG (UNAG) and albumin (UALB) were as effect biomarkers. All urine parameters were adjusted by urinary creatinine. Software of BMDS (Version 1.3.2, EPA.U.S) was used to calculate BMD.

RESULTSCalculated abnormal prevalence was based on the upper limit of 95% of effect biomarkers in control group; There are significant dose response relationship between the prevalence of effect biomarkers (UBM, UNAG and UALB) and exposure biomarker (UCd); BEL was 5 microg/g creatinine for UBM as effect biomarker, It consists with the recommendation of WHO; BEL was 3 microg/g creatinine for UNAG as effect biomarker; BEL can be estimated by using the method of BMD; the more sensitive biomarker would used, the more occupational people would protected.

CONCLUSIONThe application of BMD in estimating biological exposure limit (BEL) is proper. UNAG is suggested as most sensitive biomarker to be used to estimate BEL for cadmium exposure.

Acetylglucosaminidase ; urine ; Albuminuria ; urine ; Biomarkers ; urine ; Cadmium ; adverse effects ; urine ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Reference Values ; beta 2-Microglobulin ; urine

Background Researches showed that elevatory blood glucose level results in long-term damage of cells and tissue,or metabolic memory phenomenon,and manipulation of hyperglycemic memory is a good approach in the prevention of diabetic complications.However,its mechanism is not clear.It is speculated that the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetic patients may be associated to related mechanisms.Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) can decrease the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS),which may be related to DR.Objective This study was to explore the association between DR and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of UCP genes in Chinese Han population with type 2 diabetes.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Affiliated First Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and complied with Declaration of Helsinki,and written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any medical examination.One thousand eight hundreds and seventy-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in Xinjing district of Shanghai city by cluster sampling from November 2014 to January 2015.The demographic and medical baseline characteristics,ocular examination and laboratory tests were obtained and periphery blood of 2 ml was collected for extraction of DNA.Eight tag SNPs of UCP1,three tag SNPs of UCP2,and seven tag SNPs of UCP3 were selected as marker locus for the detection of genotype by Sequenom Mass ARRAY.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry platform were used for genotyping.Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) analysis,allele and genotype frequencies,haplotype analysis,and association tests for DR and SNPs were performed by SAS and SHEsis software.Results A total of 530 DR patients were checked out from 1 875 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus,with the detection rate of 28.27％.rs660339 locn of UCP2 gene and rs1626521,rs668514 locus of UCP3 gene appeared to have low detectable rates,and the secondary allele base frequency of rs632862 in UCP2 gene was ＜0.01 and rs15763 of UCP3 gene was unmatched with HWE,therefore,these locus analysis was not included.In 13 SNPs locus included in the analysis,only 2 SNPs of UCP1 gene were related to DR.Compared with the non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) patients,the G allele frequency of rs10011540 was increased (P =0.03,OR =1.31,95 ％ confidence interval[CI] =1.03-1.67,and T allele frequency of rs3811787 was decreased (P=0.04,OR=0.86,95％ CI=0.75-0.99) in DR patients.Genotyping detection showed that the C/C and A/A frequencies of rs3811790 in UCP1 gene were significantly more and C/A frequency was less in DR patients than those in NDR patients (all at P＜0.01).The logistic regression analysis indicated an association of SNPs of rs10011540 and rs3811787 with DR independent from glucose and disease duration.Conclusions The SNPs of rs10011540 and rs3811787 locus in UCP1 gene are associated with DR in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients.

OBJECTIVETo estimate the biological exposure limit (BEL) using benchmark dose (BMD) based on two sets of data from occupational epidemiology.

METHODSCadmium-exposed workers were selected from a cadmium smelting factory and a zinc product factory. Doctors, nurses or shop assistants living in the same area served as a control group. Urinary cadmium (UCd) was used as an exposure biomarker and urinary beta2-microgloburin (B2M), N-acetyl-13-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and albumin (ALB) as effect biomarkers. All urine parameters were adjusted by urinary creatinine. Software of BMDS (Version 1.3.2, EPA.U.S.A) was used to calculate BMD.

RESULTSThe cut-off point (abnormal values) was determined based on the upper limit of 95% of effect biomarkers in control group. There was a significant dose response relationship between the effect biomarkers (urinary B2M, NAG; and ALB) and exposure biomarker (UCd). BEL value was 5 microg/g creatinine for UB2M as an effect biomarker, consistent with the recommendation of WHO. BEL could be estimated by using the method of BMD. BEL value was 3 microg/g creatinine for UNAG as an effect biomarker. The more sensitive the used biomarker is, the more occupational population will be protected.

CONCLUSIONBMD can be used in estimating the biological exposure limit (BEL). UNAG is a sensitive biomarker for estimating BEL after cadmium exposure.

Acetylglucosaminidase ; urine ; Albuminuria ; urine ; Biomarkers ; urine ; Cadmium ; toxicity ; urine ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; beta 2-Microglobulin ; urine

BACKGROUNDRenal transplantation in sensitized candidates remains a highly significant challenge worldwide. The production of panel reactive antibody (PRA) against human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is a major risk factor in presensitized recipients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of HLA matching and recipients' PRA on two-year outcome in presensitized renal allograft recipients.

METHODSWe determined the percentage of panel reactivity and specificity of anti-HLA immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies in 73 presensitized renal allograft recipients compared with 81 unsensitized recipients (control group). HLA genotyping of both recipients and corresponding donors was performed by PCR with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). We analyzed the factors influencing the early graft outcome (two-year rejection rates and survival rates of the grafts), including HLA mismatching, class and degree of panel reactivity, and target antigen of donors.

RESULTSPresensitized recipients had a worse two-year outcome than unsensitized recipients (P = 0.019 for rejection rate, P = 0.01 for survival rate). The difference in number of HLA-mismatched alleles with either 6-antigen matching (Ag M) standard or amino acid residue matching (Res M) standard was not significant between the rejection and non-rejection groups of presensitized recipients or between the graft survival group and graft loss group. Compared with the control group, recipients with both PRA-I and PRA-II antibodies had a significantly worse two-year outcome (P = 0.001 for rejection rate, P = 0.002 for survival rate). The two-year outcomes of the peak PRA >/= 50% group and its subgroup, at-transplant PRA > or = 50% group, were significantly worse compared with the control group (P = 0.025 and P = 0.001 for rejection rate, P = 0.043 and P = 0.024 for survival rate). The rejection rates of the at-transplant target antigen positive group and its subgroup, HLA-I target antigen positive group, were significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001), target antigen negative group (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001), and peak target antigen positive with negative at-transplant target antigen group (P = 0.024 and P = 0.002). Two-year graft survival rates of the target antigen positive group and HLA-I target antigen positive group were significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.012 and P = 0.001). The two-year outcome of target antigen unknown group was similar to that of the target antigen positive group. Presensitized recipients with pre-transplant plasmapheresis or immunoadsorption (PRA prepared group) had a better but non-significant two-year outcome than the control group. However, the PRA unprepared presensitized recipients were different to the control group (P = 0.004 for rejection rate and P = 0.005 for survival rate). Hyperacute rejection (HR) occurred in three recipients with positive HLA-I target antigen and without mismatch according to Res M and in one case with positive PRA-II (for an unknown target antigen). No HR occurred in eight cases with positive HLA-II target antigens.

CONCLUSIONSPre-transplant PRA preparations might improve the access of presensitized patients to renal donors. Avoiding antigen-positive donors remains a fundamental measure in preventing HR and early rejections.

Adult ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; immunology ; Graft Survival ; immunology ; HLA Antigens ; immunology ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Isoantibodies ; blood ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; immunology ; mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Transplantation, Homologous ; immunology ; Treatment Outcome

Female ; Humans ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures ; surgery ; Ulna Fractures ; surgery ; Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes ; surgery

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Robotics ; Ureteral Obstruction ; surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility and clinical effect of transperitoneal laparoscopic enucleation of renal angiomyolipoma (RAML) without obstruction of renal pedicle.

METHODSTen patients with renal angioleiomyoma (tumor diameter < 4 cm) were operated by transperitoneal laparoscopy without obstruction of renal pedicle. The operating time, blood loss, hospital stay after operation, intraoperative and postoperative complications and the operative effect were observed.

RESULTSAll the 10 patients underwent the operation successfully. The average operating time was 90 min, average blood loss was 80 ml, the average hospital stay after operation was 7 d. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. Follow-up period was 3-19 months and no tumor metastasized or occurred again.

CONCLUSIONThis mininvasive procedure is a more precise and complete method than before, which can minimize the blood loss and make patients recover quickly, so it is well worth clinical applying.

Adult ; Angiomyolipoma ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDSeveral isoforms of p53 have been reported, which may have varying functions and expressions. This study aimed to analyze the expression patterns of p53 isoforms in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at the mRNA and protein levels and their associations with clinical and pathologic factors to explore the mechanism of p53 isoforms' activity in RCC.

METHODSThe specimens of tumours (T) and clinically normal tissues (N) adjacent to them were collected from 41 patients with RCC. mRNA expression levels of p53 isoforms were detected using RT-PCR followed by nested PCR. Protein expression levels were detected using immunohistochemisty and Western blotting with the anti-p53 antibodies DO-1 and DO-12. The data were analyzed with clinicopathological features by chi(2) test or Fisher's exact test.

RESULTSp53 mRNA was expressed in all tumours and matched clinically normal tissue adjacent to the tumour. All six isoforms could be detected in tumour and normal tissues, with the exception of the Delta133p53beta isoform, which was not detected in the normal tissue. Of the six isoforms, p53beta mRNA was significantly overexpressed in tumour samples (P < 0.001), and correlated with tumour stage. Nested PCR results consistently indicated the presence of p53gamma (19T/22N), Delta133p53 (33T/26N), Delta133p53beta (2T/0N), and Delta133p53gamma (13T/9N). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that p53 was expressed only in tumour tissues and correlated with tumour stage and grade. The results of Western blotting analysis were consistent with these findings.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough all six isoforms are present in RCC, their function in tumour development or progression might be different. Our findings suggest that p53beta might play an important role in the formation of RCC and it might be used as a new predictor and therapeutic target for RCC.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Isoforms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Young Adult