OBJECTIVETo study the protective effect of puerarin on MPP(+) -induced SH-SY5Y cells by chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA).

METHODThe Parkinson's disease cell model was established by injuring SH-SY5Y cells with 1 mmol x L(-1) MPP+. The CCK-8 staining was adopted to detect the effect the puerarin of different concentrations on the survival rate of MPP(+)-induced SH-SYSY cells. The autophagosome formation was observed under transmission electron microscope. The AO staining showed the changes in the lysosome activity. RT-PCR was used to detect the changes in Lamp2a and Hsc70 mRNA expressions. The western blotting was adopted to test the expressions of Lamp2a, Hsc70 and alpha-synuclein protein in cells.

RESULTWithin the concentration range of 12. 5-50.0 micromol x L(-1), the pretreatment with puerain for 30 minutes could protect the injury of MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cells, and showed a certain dose-effect relationship. The AO staining and electron microscope showed the effect of puerain within the concentration range of 12.5-50.0 micromol x L(-1) on 1 mmol x L(-1) MPP(+)-induced SH-SY5Y cells; autophagosomes emerged in cells, and increased along with the rise in the puerarin dose. The results of the flow cytometry revealed that 50.0 micromol x L(-1) of puerarin could protect against the increase of the ROS level in 1 mmol x L(-1) MPP(+) -induced SH-SY5Y cells and prevent the oxidative injury. The results of RT-PCR and western blotting indicated that puerain within the concentration range of 12.5-50.0 micromol x L(-1) alleviated the MPP(+)-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury, and inhibited the accumulation of alpha-synuclein proteins in MPP(+) -induced SH-SY5Y cells by up-regulating Hsc70, Lamp2a mRNA and protein level.

CONCLUSIONPuerarin could protect against the MPP(+) -induced cell injury, whose protective mechanism may be related to the chaperone-mediated autophagy pathway of interventional molecules.

Autophagy ; drug effects ; genetics ; HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2 ; genetics ; Molecular Chaperones ; genetics ; Parkinson Disease ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Phagosomes ; drug effects ; genetics ; Piperidines ; pharmacology ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Up-Regulation ; drug effects ; genetics

Objective To explore the protective effect of 17β-estradiol on traumatic brain injury in rats.Methods A total of 45 adult male SD rats were divided into 3 groups using the random digit table, 15 rats in each group:the control group only exposed but not injured the brain, the injury group received traumatic brain injury ( TBI) by Feeney’ s method, and the treatment group received the same handling with injury group, and pretreatment with 17β-estradiol peritoneal injection, 1 mg/kg per day for one week.The other two groups were given the same volume of castor oil.At 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after injury, the brain tissue water content, malondialdehyde ( MDA) content and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity were measured.Results At 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after injury, the levels of brain tissue water content in the injury group and treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05 ) .At 6 h after injury, the brain tissue water contents in the injury group and treatment group were ( 99.83 ±0.40 )% and ( 99.53 ±0.41 )%,respectively, with a non-significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).At 24 h and 48 h after injury, the brain tissue water contents in the injury group was ( 105.17 ±0.43 )% and ( 107.54 ±0.39 )%, in the treatment group was (103.26 ±0.42)%and (105.89 ±0.43)%, respectively, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05).At 6 h after injury, the levels of MDA in the injury group and treatment group increased and maintained at a higher level, and the levels of SOD decreased.Compared with the control group, there had a significant difference ( P<0.05 ) . The levels of MDA and SOD in the injury group and treatment group at 6 h after injury had a non-significant difference ( P>0.05).But at 24 h and 48 h after injury, the levels of MDA in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the injury group [(130.39 ±7.02) μmol/g vs.(149.41 ±8.25) μmol/g, (125.41 ±6.59) μmol/g vs.(157.72 ± 8.93) μmol/L] , and the levels of SOD in the treatment group were significantly higher than thoset in the injury group [(88.46 ±7.17) U/g vs.(80.10 ±4.87) U/mg, (97.31 ±7.89) U/g vs.(84.29 ±6.13) U/g], with a significant difference ( P<0.05 ) between the two groups.Conclusions 17β-estradiol has a protective effect on traumatic brain injury.

Objective To investigate the association between extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) detected by multi-detectors computed tomography (MDCT) with contrast enhanced (ceMDCT) and clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with colon cancer.Methods Between February 2009 and December 2013,patients with histologically proven primary colon cancer and undergoing curative resection were included in this retrospective study.According to American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system,patients of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ were included in this study.EMVI status detected by MDCT (ctEMVI) was defined according to the EMVI scores.Chi-square test was used to analyze the association between clinicopathologic characteristics and ctEMVI.Results 165 stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ patients were included in this study as confirmed by pathology based on AJCC.Positive ctEMVI was demonstrated in 51 patients (34.5％,51/165).There were significant association between positive ctEMVI and age ＜ 65 years (x2 =4.810,P =0.031),ceMDCT defined tumor stage (x2 =17.911,P =0.000),ceMDCT defined metastatic lymph node (x2 =5.436,P =0.022),tumor size≥5 cm (x2 =3.799,P =0.036) and pathological T stage (x2 =13.346,P =0.001).Conclusions EMVI,detected by ceMDCT,is significantly associated with age,tumor size and T staging in colon cancer.

Objective To investigate whether the proteasomes inhibitor MG262 exerts its anticancer function by inducing apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells,and whether the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of apoptosis induction.Method Human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 was incubated with different concentrations of MG262 for 24 and 48 hours.Cell viability was evaluated with 3-(4,5-dimethyhhiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at different time points of culturing.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis rate.The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was evaluated with western blot and enzyme-linked immtmosorbent assay (ELISA).Western blot was used to detect the expression of phosphorylated ERK(pERK) .Results The viability of SKOV3 cells was decreased by MG262 in a concentration-dependent fashion(P＜0.05).After 24 h incubation with MG262 at 1,10,20,40,60 and 80 nmol/L,the viability rates of SKOV3 were (94.6±3.1)%,(92.7±3.7)%,(89.5±7.7)%,(84.2±5.1)%,(82.0±7.4)%and(76.8±11.0) % respectively,and after 48 h incubation,those figures were further decreased to (91.3±10.1)%,(86.8±4.5)%,(74.6±4.2)%,(56.8±2.1)%,(49.3±4.5)% and (37.4±5.4) %,respectively(P＜0.05).Apoptosis rate of SKOV3 cells induced by MG262,PD98059 or their combination was (30.7±4.3)%,(26.8±8.6)% and (50.3±10.6)%,respectively,which were significantly different compared with controls (P＜0.05).In contrast to SKOV3 cells,apoptosis rate of 293T ceils induced by MG262,PD98059 or their combination was (14.5±5.3) %,(16.2±7.5) % and (10.8±7.3)%,respectively,which were not significantly different compared with controls (P＞0.05).pERK expression decreased gradually in a time-dependent manner. And wild-type p53 expression was not significantly different.There was no significant difference between experimental and control 293T cells(P＜0.05).In addition,MG262 down-regulated VEGF secretion and expression in SKOV3 ceils (P＜0.05).Conclusions Proteasome inhibitors can induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis through ERK signal pathway in SKOV3 cells.

Objective To evaluate values of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in eyes filled with silicone oil.Design Prospective cases series.Participants 40 eyes of 40 patients were filled with silicone oil after ocular injury.Methods MRI was performed in the 40 patients,including axial FSE T_1WI,T_2WI,coronal T_2WI with fat saturation,oblique sagittal T_1WI and axial T_2FLAIR.MRI findings,in- cluding morpbous,signal and complications were analyzed.Oculi axes were measured.Main Outcome Measures Morphous,signal, complications and oculi axes of the eyes filled with silicone oil.Results Affected oculi axis was 2.18cm?0.21cm,normal oculi axis was 2.48cm?0.16cm.The silicone oil in eyes demonstrated isointense signal or slightly hyperintense signal on T_1WI and T_2WI,hypointense signal after fat saturation.Hydrops was found in vitreous cavity in 33 patients,including simple hydrops in 17 patients and complicated other abnormality in 16 patients.Choroidal detachment was found in 11 patients,complicating vitreous hydrops in 5 patients and lo- calized bulge of eyeball wall.Retinal detachments were found in 4 patients,of whom 3 patients complicated with vitreous hydrops.Per- fluorocarbon liquid residual in vitreous cavity,foreign body in anterior chamber,localized thickness of the wall of the globe and meagre- mean of silicone oil in vitreous cavity were found respectively in one patient complicating vitreous hydrops.Except for eye changes, fracture of orbital wall and foreign body in orbit were found in one patient.Conclusions MRI can display the changes of eyes filled with silicone oil,and measure oculi axes biologically and accurately offering important clinical application value.(Ophthalmol CHN,2007,16: 312-315)

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical effect of avulsed skin replantation of hand and foot via vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) combing low temperature technique.

METHODSFrom March 2012 to October 2013,13 cases with avulsed skin replantation of hand foot using combined technique included 8 males and 5 females with an average age of 32 years old ranging from 18 to 62 years. The time from injury to hospital was 1 to 4 hours (2.4 hour in average). The reasons of injury included machine injury in 7 cases and rolling over by cars in 6 cases. The parts of injuried involved finger in 2 cases,back of the hand in 5 cases and dorsum of foot in 6 cases. The area of avulsed skin was 5 cm x 6 cm to 12 cm x 16 cm,tendon and bone exposure was found in 4 cases. VSD was operated in all patients and the avulsed skin was refrigerated in the temperature of -4 °C or -80 °C. After 4 days, the skin stored in the -4 °C was replanted to the wounded place in 5 cases and in 3 cases the skin was planted to the donor site of flap. The skin stored in the -80 °C was replanted in 4 cases after 7 or 8 days, 1 case after 45 days.

RESULTSOf the 13 cases, 1 case of degloved injury from lower leg to dorsal foot,the replanted skin was necrosis completely; 1 case of degloving injury with fourth finger,the skin which replanted after 45 days survived approximately 30%,cured after skin-graft many times. In the other cases, the survival area of replanted skin was more than 85%, all cured after dressing. According to the standard of skin survival area evaluation by Jia et al, 11 cases showed excellent, 1 showed medium and 1 showed inferior. There were no complication about grafted skin rupture after the skin survived in 11 patients,after 4 to 22 months follow-up, the resiliency of grafted skin showed good. Sensation recovery was measured by BMRC standard: 3 cases of S3, 5 cases of S3, 3 cases of S2.

CONCLUSIONVSD combining lower temperature technique in skin replantation provides time and space for wound preparation and treatment plan for the patients who need second surgery, especially for the large area skin degloving,this method could utilize the degloved skin efficiently, decrease the donor site area, alleviate the pain and financial burden,reduce the scar formation of donor site and impediment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cryopreservation ; methods ; Drainage ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Foot Injuries ; surgery ; Hand Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Replantation ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Transplantation ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Viabahn covered stent in treatment of hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm (HAPA) caused by surgery.Methods Clinical data of 7 patients with postoperative massive intra-abdominal hemorrhage and diagnosed as HAPA with emergency angiography were collected from November 2015 to May 2016.All the patients underwent Viabahn covered stent implantation.Perioperative and postoperative clinical data of the patients were recorded,and with 1-month follow-up.Results All the 7 cases were diagnosed as extrahepatic HAPA and successfully completed Viabahn covered stent procedure,and curative rate was up to 100％.One case experienced transient vasospasm in the hepatic artery proximal to the stent.All the patients repeated hepatic artery CT angiography scans one week after surgery,with no evidence of bleeding.With 1-month follow-up,all the patients were in stable conditions.Conclusion Viabahn covered stent is minimally invasive,simple and effective interventional approach for HAPA.

Objective To screen a set of key techniques for new medical rescue aircraft ICU care for peacetime and wartime.Methods The study used the literature review and field research method to propose the initial technical indicators.The consultation questionnaire was developed by expert panel method.Delphi method was applied to conduct two rounds of consultation among 16 experts from different fields.Analytic hierarchy process and TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method were used to analyze and summarize data.Results In two rounds of consultation,the positive coefficients of experts were 100％,the authority coefficient of experts was 0.958,and Kendall co ordination coefficients were 0.568,0.525,0.474,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The new medical rescue aircraft ICU care key techniques for peacetime and wartime was established finally,including 4 firstlevel indicators,37 second-level indicators,and there were 12 basic care techniques,8 specialty care techniques,10 emergency care techniques,and 7 war wound care techniques.Conclusion Key techniques for new medical rescue aircraft ICU care has high scientificity and feasibility,and experts' opinions are concentrated,which can provide additional safeguard for the transit of critically ill patients in the air.

Female ; Humans ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures ; surgery ; Ulna Fractures ; surgery ; Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study clinical effects of one-hole microplate internal fixation for the treatment of collateral ligament injuries of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb combined with fracture.

METHODSTwenty-two patients (16 males, 6 females) with collateral ligament injuries of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb combined fracture were treated with one-hole microplate internal fixation. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 53 years old with a mean age of 28.5 years old. The duration from injury to surgery ranged from 2 hours to 2 months, and the mean time was 6 days. All the patients had collateral ligament injuries combined with fracture of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. Thirteen patients had injuries in the right hand and 9 patients had injuries in the left hand. There were 18 cases of closed wound and 4 cases of open wound. Eighteen patients had fresh injuries (< 2 weeks) and 4 had old injuries (> 2 weeks). Sixteen patients had injuries in the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb combined with fracture, 6 patients had radial collateral ligament injuries of the thumb combined with fracture, 4 cases of which were complicated with injuries of abductor pollicis brevis and the end of the flexor pollicis brevis tender. The size of the avulsed fragment was about 3.0 mm x 4.0 mm to 6.0 mm x 7.0 mm.

RESULTSThe incisions of 22 patients healed by first intention. The follow-up periods ranged from 6 months to 5 years old,with an average of 2.5 years old. The thumb function was evaluated by Saetta and other evaluation criteria, and 20 patients got an excellent result and 2 good.

CONCLUSIONThe application of one-hole microplate internal fixation in treating collateral ligament injuries with fracture of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb is an effective method.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Collateral Ligaments ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint ; injuries ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Thumb ; injuries ; surgery ; Young Adult