Diabetic macular edema (DME) is thickening retina with two disc diameter,which is the leading cause of blindness in diabetic retinopathy patients.The initial studies demonstrated that laser treatment of DME prevented further visual deterioration but did not improve visual acuity.Although glucocorticoid slow-release system can extend the time of effective drug concentration,to help glucocorticoid better carry out its biological effect,further studies are needed to warrant their safety due to increasing intraocular pressure and cataract progression.Novel studies identifying the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the eye with DME allowed for the development of an alternative anti-VEGF therapy,which revolutionized the management of DME by not only preventing vision loss,but also improving overall vision.Anti-VEGF therapy is becoming the first-line treatment of DME.However,present treatment modalities including anti-VEGF for DME had limitations,which build on the current understanding of DME pathogenesis.Further in-depth study of the development and outcome of DME is needed to optimize the therapeutic schemes,based on objective and scientific observation of treatment response.Finally we need to fully utilize the public health services and clinical management resources for diabetic patients,to prevent the visual impairment of DME before its occurrence.

Objective To observe the efficacy of lipoic acid combined with mosapride in the treatment of diabetic neurogenic bladder.Methods 30 patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with diabatic neurogenic bladder were treated with lipoic acid and mosapride for three weeks,on the base of good controlling of blood glucose,blood lipids,and other metabolic indicators.The residual urine volume of bladder and urodynamic indicators were compared before and after treatment.Results The residual urine volume of bladder and urodynamic indicators after treatment for three weeks and withdrawal for four weeks were (62.5 ± 27.8) ml and (61.3 ± 21.6) ml,(8.3 ± 1.9) ml/s and (7.9 ±2.1)ml/s,(10.7 ± 1.8)ml/s and (10.3 ± 1.6) ml/s,(25.6 ±2.7)cm H2O and (24.5 ±2.3)cm H2O,which were significiantly better than those before treatment [(128.3 ± 72.5) ml,(5.2 ± 1.3) ml/s,(8.4 ± 1.2) ml/s,(18.1 ±1.2)cm H2O](t=4.01,4.21,3.45,3.52,3.68,3.47,3.33,3.24,all P ＜0.01).Conclusion Lipoic acid combined with mosapride has good effect in the treatment of diabetic neurogenic bladder.

Based on analyzing the problems of the existing medical monitoring systems and the clinical needs in medicine the main development aspects of modern medical monitoring techniques are discussed in the paper. Then the urgent needs of monitoring techniques are presented here.
Biosensing Techniques ; instrumentation ; Computer Systems ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; trends ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Telemedicine ; instrumentation ; methods

Objective To find out the dynamic variation on HCV genome to give the theoretic basis for diagnosis of post transfusion hepatitis C,and demonstrate the causality between donors and recipients suffering from post transfusion hepatitis C.Methods The high variable envelope gene fragments (HVR1 and HVR2) of HCV was selected for a cross sectional study and a one year follow up study was carried out on 3 HCV patients at every 3 month period to understand the dynamic variation of HCV HVR in each patient.Results The homology of HCV HVR genes among different types is 56.99%～60.88%,65.09%～68.80% among different subtypes,and 80.05%～96.40% among the same subtypes.It consists with the geographic distribution of HCV.The homology between the different strains isolated from the same patients is 92.10%～99.73%,95.36%～97.54 and 97.07%～99.20%,respectively.Conclusion The variation of different HCV strains in HVR is great.However,the variation of the same virus in the same patient during short infectious period is rather limited,which is no more than 7.9% per year.So the transmission pathway of some hepatitis C cases can be trailed at the molecular level by this way,and some non transfusion transmitted hepatitis C cases can be exclude

Objective To assess the blood safety under the current sero-screening program and gain experience on how to implement NAT as a routine assay for blood screening in China. Methods Sera from 103,539 non-remunerated donors of Shanghai blood center were tested by Chiron's Procleix(TMA HIV-1/HCV Assay in 2 study stages with 8 and 24 sample-pool respectively. Results 5 NAT positive samples were found to be Anti-HCV EIA-2 test positive at the same time. No window period cases of HIV-1/HCV were found in this donor group. But 275 (0.27% ) anti-HCV and 107 (0. 10%) anti-HIV false positive samples were identified by the second sero-screening. Conclusion The blood quality of Shanghai city was high to be close to the level of developed countries and the window period risk of HIV-1 and HCV was less than 1:100,000. With its high sensitivity and specificity,Procleix( TMA HIV-1/HCV Assay can be used in routine blood screening in China.

Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; diagnosis ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Male

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Escitalopram on panic disorder. Methods 40 patients were treated with Escitalopram. All patients were evaluated with Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Adverse Drug Reactions Scale. Results All the patients released from panic since the second week after treatment, except one patient dropped because of side-effects. Other side-effects relieved during the course. Conclusion Escitalopram was effective and safe on panic disorder.

AIM: To immediately observe the complication of corneal flap after LASIK surgery.
METHODS:A retrospective case series were studies. Totally 2 040 cases ( 4 080 eyes ) from January 2010 to October 2012 in our hospital were collected, the corneal flap was observed using lamp microscope after LASIK within 30min. Corneal flap dislocation, corneal flap strial and intraface debris were examined after operation, the effective treatment and controlled measure should be taken for these complications.
RESULTS: Postoperative complications were corneal flap dislocation 102 eyes (2. 5%), corneal flapstriae 95 eyes (2. 33%), interface debris 105 eyes (2.57%). No failure case was seen. There had no corneal flap-related complications, which seriously impact the visual quality after the surgery.
CONCLUSION: Carefully postoperative examination at the first - time is an effective way to manage some complications of post - LASIK. Thus promoting the diagnosis and treatment of post-LASIK complications.

BackgroundHypoxia and hyperglycemia are the common causes of retinal neovascularization.In these states,H+ accumulates because of the elevated glycolysis and failure of retinal circulation,thus the retinas readily acidified. ObjectiveThe present study was to explore whether retinal acidosis independently regulates the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and whether the regulation is related to oxidative stress.Methods The retinas from 2-week-old male SD rats were cultured with explant method in DMEM modulated by NaHCO3,and culture retinas were randomly divided into pH 7.2,6.8 and 6.5 groups for 24 hours.In addition,after 24 hours of culture as above described,retinas were washed using PBS two times and then followed by again culture in DMEM with pH 7.2 for another 24 hours.Also,antioxidant was added in different pH values of DMEM for culture as above described.The retinal samples were prepared for histopathological examination.The expressions of VEGF and PEDF proteins and their mRNA in retina tissue were detected by Western blot and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) respectively.Results The retina showed the clear structure and morphology in pH 7.2 group and pH 6.8 group,but retinal vacuoles change was seen in pH 6.5 group after culture for 24 hours.No significant difference was seen in the expressing level of VEGF mRNA in retina between normal group and pH 7.2 group( 112％ ±11％ vs 100％ ±7％ ) (P=0.55),but those in pH 6.8 group and pH 6.5 group were significant increased in comparison with pH 7.2 group( 196％ ±43％ vs 100％ ±7％ ;251％ ±29％vs 100％ ±7％ )( P＜0.05 ).The expressing level of PEDF mRNA in retina in normal group was similar to that of pH7.2 group(86％ ±19％ vs 100％ ±33％) (P=0.64),but that in pH 6.5 group was significantly higher than pH 7.2 group( 230％ ±66％ vs 100％ ±33％ ) ( P＜0.05 ).The resemble results were found in the expressions of VEGF and PEDF protein.After pH reversion,the expressing levels of VEGF mRNA were 100％ ±13％,111％ ±9％,113％ ±9％ in pH 7.2 group,pH 6.8 group and pH 6.5 group respectively without significant difference among them (F=2.51,P=0.16).The expressing levels of PEDF mRNA were 100％ ±13％,110％ ±9％,108％ ±11％in different groups ( F =0.98,P =0.43 ).Under the presence of antioxidant,the expressing level of VEGF mRNA in pH 6.5 group increased in comparison with pH 7.2 group and pH 6.8 group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The expressing levels of PEDF mRNA were significant different among pH 7.2 group( 100±31 )％,pH 6.8 group( 282±45 )％ and pH 6.5 group(480±117)％ (F=20.73,P=0.00). Conclusions VEGF can be induced by retinal acidification alone,which may be regulated by oxidative stress.Under the retinal acidification,antioxidants promote the expression of PEDF,suggesting that oxidative stress inhibits the production of PEDF.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of combined detection of serum calcium ion (Ca2+ ) ,C‐reaction protein (CRP) ,uric acid(UA) ,homocysteine(Hcy) and complement C3 ,C4 in hypertension disorders complicating pregnancy(HDCP) . Methods Patients with HDCP were enrolled as HDCP group ,and pregnant women without HDCP were enrolled as control group . Serum parameters ,mentioned above ,were detected and compared between the two groups .Diagnostic performance of the parameters was also analyzed .Results Serum levels of Ca2+ ,CRP ,UA ,Hcy and complement C3 ,C4 in HDCP group were significantly differ‐ent from those in control group(P<0 .05) .Sensitivity ,coincidence rate and correct diagnosis rate of combined detection of these six parameters were higher than single detection(P<0 .05) ,but the specificity was without significant difference(P>0 .05) .Serum lev‐els of CRP ,UA and Hcy increased with the progress of HDCP disease condition ,but serum levels of Ca2+ ,C3 and C4 decreased .Be‐tween different sub‐group of HDCP patients ,serum levels of the six parameters were with significant differences(P<0 .05) .Conclu‐sion Early combined detection of serum Ca2+ ,CRP ,UA ,Hcy and complement C3 ,C4 could be with significance for the early diag‐nosis and treatment of HDCP ,and also for the condition assessment of HDCP .