Objective To establish a method for determination of trace bromate in flour and the products by ion chromatography.Methods Conductance-ion chromatography and Ionpac~R AS9-HC column were employed and 9.0 mmol/L sodium carbonate was used as the eluent,the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min.BrO_3~-in the samples soaked in the purified water was extracted by ultrasonic microwave,the water-soluble macromolecules were removed by ultra filtration cup in the extract,then the direct injection determination was conducted.Results The lowest detection limit was 0.01 mg/L,the quantitative detection limit was 0.03 mg/kg,the relative standard deviation was 0.6%-7.6%,the recovery rate was 97.8%-103.6%.Conclusion This method is simple,rapid,accurate,sensitive and is applicable to the determination of trace bromate in flour and the products.

Child ; Humans ; Plasma Exchange ; Thrombotic Microangiopathies ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo analyze effects of fracture of processus styloideus ulnae on prognosis in the treatment of distal radial fracture of type C according to AO classification.

METHODSThis was a retrospective case-control study, and the information was got ten through case evaluation and follow-up, including sex, age, patient satisfaction, Gartland & Werley score and radiographic score. There were 76 patient treated with open reduction and plate fixation in People's Hospital Affiliated to Peking University from July 2006 to July 2011. All the patients were divided into two groups: no combination with fracture of processus styloideus ulnae (group A, 56 cases), combination with fracture of processus styloideus ulnae (group B, 20 cases). The patients in group A and B were treated with open reduction and internal fixation; however the fracture of processus styloideus ulnae was not fixed. The indexes such as clinical data, bone grafting, joint movement, Gartland & Werley score and radiographic score were compared between two groups.

RESULTSThe ulnaris pain of patients in group B was more obvious than that in group A. The local VAS, palmar and dorsal flexion degree of wrist joint, motion VAS, patients satisfaction score, radial and ulnar deviation degree, pronation and supination of forearm degree, Gartland & Werley score and radiographic score were separately 0.1 ± 0.1, (51.1 ± 1.9)°, (60.2 ± 1.9)°, 0.6 ± 0.1 (23.1 ± 0.9)°, (28.7 ± 1.3)° (81.5 ± 2.6)°, (68.2 ± 2.7)° 1.9 ± 0.3, 89.6 ± 12.3 in group A; and separately 0.3 ± 0.3, (51.4 ± 2.3)°, (66.6 ± 1.7)°, 0.5 ± 0.2, (24.5 ± 2.0)°, (26.9 ± 1.8)°, (80.3 ± 2.5)°, (70.3 ± 3.7)°, 1.2 ± 0.4, 92.5 ± 7.5 in group B; there were no statistical differences in above indexes between two groups.

CONCLUSIONWhether the distal radial fracture with a concomitant unrepaired ulnar styloid fracture or not exerts no influence on mainly outcomes including function, radiography and motion of the wrist.

Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Radius Fractures ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Ulna Fractures ; surgery

Objective To investigate the optimal dose of oxycodone for severe pain in cancer patients so as to try to alleviate the suffering rapidly.Methods Totally 135 cases with severe pain in terminal cancer patients were randomly divided into groups A,B,and C,45 cases in each group.Groups A,B,and C were treated with oxycodone hydrochloride sustained-release tablets 20 ～ 140 mg/d,150 ～ 290 mg/d,300 ～ 640 mg/d,respectively.Pain relief and incidence of adverse reactions were evaluated 2 weeks later.Results Pain intensity scores (numerical rating scale,NRS) in 3 groups dropped with statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).Pain relief rates in groups B and C were statistically significant compared to group A (P ＜ 0.05).Quality of life score (appetite,mental status,sleep,daily activities,and interpersonal life) in group C had statistical significance compared to groups A and B (P ＜ 0.05).Group C had slightly higher incidence of adverse reactions than that of groups A and B without significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Large dose and extra large dose of oxycodone hydrochloride sustained-release tablets can effectively relieve severe pain in advanced cancer patients.Extra large dosage can improve patient's quality of life in spite of the higher incidence of adverse reactions,and patients can still be tolerated well.

Objective:To see the influence of different antiplatelet therapies on stroke patients’ readmission by performing a deep data-mining into Beijing Healthcare Insuring Database,based on a large sample size.Methods:Aretrospective cohort study,was adopted to extract patients primarily diag-nosed as ischemic stroke from healthcare database.The first hospital records were considered as the pa-tient’s baseline in this study,who were divided into MAPT (aspirin)and DAPT (aspirin and clopi-dogrel)according to the patient’s baseline medications.A follow-up was conducted to see whether the patients would have rehospitalization record because of major result events after medication.The major re-sult events,included:(1 )recurrence of ischemic stroke;(2)hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke;(3)myocardial infarction;(4)the digestive hemorrhage.The Kaplan-Meier figure was used to compare the survival situations between these two groups,the log-rank test was used to test the difference of the survival curve,and 1 ∶1 propensity score matching was calculated from the patients’baseline da-ta.Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR).Results:A total of 27 695 patients From January 201 0 to September 201 3 were included,4 047 with DAPT,and 23 648 with MAPT.Because the baseline characteristics of the patients was disequilibrium,so we used 1 ∶1 pro-pensity score matching,after which,the number of the two groups was 4 046 each.Adjusted for the gen-eral demographic characteristics such as age,sex,nationality,complication and drug combination,no statistical significance was observed between the survival curves of the two groups (P =0.06).HR value of major result events between the groups was 0.91 (0.82 -1 .01 ,P =0.07),which was not statistically significant.The covariate gender HR =1 .36 (1 .20 -1 .55,P <0.05),accompanied by diabetes HR =1 .36 (1 .20 -1 .54,P <0.05 ),dyslipidemia HR =1 .1 3 (1 .00 -1 .27,P =1 .1 3),heart disease HR =1 .39 (1 .22 -1 .58,P <0.05)was statistically significant.Drug combination with other antiplate-let agents HR =1 .05 (0.95 -1 .1 7,P >1 .05)did not increase the risk of readmission.Conclusion:There was no difference in prevention of readmission between patients with DAPT and MAPT.Patients with complications should actively treat the complications at the same time as they prevent recurrence after first attack.

Aim To ascertain whether defibrase has the protective effect against reperfusion injury after cerebral ischemia.Methods 70 renovascular hypertensive rats(RHR) were randomly divided into defibrase group, control group and sham-operated group.Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) models were produced by the modified. Longa's method,and reperfusion was begun 2 hours after occlusion.Rats in the defibrase group were given defibrase 10 U?kg-1 body weight via femonal intraveneous injection, and in the control group with the same amount of saline. The brain pieces were processed by TTC and HE staining and the infarct size,brain microvessels damage and secondary bleeding were compared between the two groups. Results The volume of infarction in the defibrase group was obviously smaller than in the control group, the damage of brain microvessels was less severe, and the bleeding lesions under optical microscope were less than in the control group. Conclusion Defibrase has protective effect against reperfusion injury post cerebral ischemia.

Background Studieshowed thaDelta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) participatein the deveopmenof retinal celland angiogenesis.The Dll4-Notch pathway and vasculaendothelial growth facto(VEGF) are thoughto be critical mediatorof neovascularization undehypoxiconditions.The relationship between Dll4 and VEGF inovery cleaand furtheresearch ineeded.Objective Thistudy wato observe the inhibition of Dll4 on experimental retinal neovascularization and VEGF expression.MethodThe retinal neovascularization animal model wainduced by oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in 5-day-old SPF SD ratby rearing the new postnatal ratwith the motherattogethein closed box with oxygen level a(80±2) ％ till 12-day-old.The ratwere then raised in normal aifo5 days.Aftethat,2.5μl (0.5 μg) of Dll4 monoclonal antibody wainjected into the mid-vitreoucavity in the righeye(Dll4 injected group) and PBwaused in the same way in the fellow eye(PBcontrol group) in the 12-day-old rats.Retinawere isolated in the 17-day-old rats,and retinal vasculamorphology waexamined by adenosine diphosphatease (ADPase) staining of retinal flatmounts,and the endotheliocyte nuclei above the internal limiting membrane were counted in the retinal tissue-slices.Reverse transcription PC(RT-PCR) waused to detecthe mRNexpression level of Dll4,VEGF,VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1),VEGFR-2 and neuropilin-1 mRNin the retinas.Statistical analysiwaperformed by the paired t-test.The care and use of the animalcomplied with the Guidance Suggestion issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinin 2006.ResultThe Dll4 mRNexpression in the retin(Dll4 mRNA/β-actin mRNA) wa0.22± 0.06 and 0.98 ± 0.13 in the Dll4 injected group and the PBcontrol group,respectively,with statistically significandifference (=21.839,P =0.000).No significandifferencewere found in the expression of the VEGF mRNA,VEGFR-1 mRNand VEGFR-2 mRNin the retinabetween the two group(t=0.463,P=0.649;=1.687,P=0.109;=-1.674,P=0.111).Compared with the PBcontrol group,the expression of neuropilin-1 mRNwasignificantly elevated in the Dll4-injected group (0.73±0.08 vs.0.64±0.07) (t=-2.677,P=0.015).ADPase staining showed thathere were much more new blood vesselin the Dll4 injected group than those of the PBcontrol group.The numbeof nuclei structurally adjacento the vitreal side of the internal limiting membrane wa(63.6± 11.6)/slide in the Dll4 injected group,which wamore than thaof the PBcontrol group a(35.1±5.2)/slide (=-7.879,P =0.000).ConclusionDll4 playan essential role in the procesof pathological angiogenesiin the retina.Dll4 ithoughto be feedback regulatoof VEGFR,which participatein the procesof restraining pathological vasculogenesis.

Objective To investigate relationship of platelet (PLT) count with clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with breast cancer,and explore the susceptibility index to evaluate prognosis of patients with breast cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 498 patients with breast cancer in January 1995 to December 2005 was carried out.PLT count was tested.Those patients were divided into group A (PLT ＜ 150 × 109/L),group B[(150-250) × 109/L],and group C (PLT ＞ 250 × 109/L) according to PLT count level.The relationship of platelet count with clinicopathological features was analyzed.Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards model were used for univariate analysis and multivariate analysis of PLT impact on survival time.Results There was positively correlated between PLT count and clinicopathological features (Pearson coefficient ＞ 0,P ＜ 0.05).There was negative correlated between PLT count and survival time (Pearson coefficient =-O.583,P ＜ 0.05).The survival time of groups A,B and C were significantly different (P =0.018).Cox proportional hazards model multi-factor analysis showed that PLT count was an independent factors affecting survival time (OR =2.256,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Patients with breast cancer associated with increased emphasis and PLT count.PLT count had negative correlation with survival time.PLT count could be a susceptible index to predict the prognosis of patients with breast cancer.

Objective To explore whether PPARαtransgenic mice are more sensitive animal models in the evalua-tion of toxicity of PPARαagonists.Methods Twenty-eight 8-week old PPARαtransgenic mice (Tg) and 28 C57BL/6J mice (WT) with half males and half females were randomly divided into high dose group (400 mg/kg of clofibrate), low dose group (30 mg/kg of clofibrate) and solvent control group (10%sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ).The time of gavage administration lasted 28 days.The blood biochemistry , organ coefficient and pathological changes of the heart , liver, kid-neyweretestedafterthedrugadministration.Thegrowthofmicewasalsorecorded.Results ①Bloodbiochemistry:Com-pared with the WT male administration group , in the Tg male administration group , the levels of blood creatinine ( CREA) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were markedly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05).② Organ coefficient: Compared with the Tg control group, the kidney coefficients of Tg administration group were significantly increased (P<0.01,P<0.05).③Histopathology:Compared with the WT administration group , the pathological damages of liver and kidney were more serious in the Tg administration group .Conclusions Compared with C57BL/6J mouse, PPARαtransgenic mice are more sensitive in evaluation of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of PPARαagonists .It is a new animal model .

OBJECTIVETo observe in vitro the effect of Sinomenine, a pure alkaloid extracted from the chinese medical plant Sinomenium acutum on the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) and the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA.

METHODMononuclear leukocytes were obtained from healthy adults. Isolated mononuclear leucocytes from human peripheral blood (PBMC) were incubated (1 x 10(6).mL-1) with or without sinomenine (or indomethacin), after incubated for 24 hours at 37 degrees C with 5% CO2; the media were assayed for the PGE2 by radioimmunoassay (RIA). LPS was used to stimulate the monocytes at a concentration of 5 micrograms.mL-1. And by RT-PCR, both COX-1 and COX-2 mRNAs were detected in Mononuclear leukocytes after incubation for different hours with drug (sinomenine or indomethacin) or not.

RESULTLPS (stimulated) induced the production of PGE2 in PBMC increasing with high expression of COX-2 mRNA; sinomenine reduced PGE2 production in LPS stimulated human monocytes more than in non-stimulated human monocytes. In comparative experiments, indomethacin, a non selective COX inhibitor, reduced the production of PGE2 equally in both states. Meanwhile, neither sinomenine(0.1-1 mmol.L-1) nor indomethacin(0.5-10 mumol.L-1) inhibited the expression of both COX-1 and COX-2 mRNAs by RT-PCR with beta-actin as reference.

CONCLUSIONIn contrast with indomethacin, Sinomenine shows a preferential inhibitory effect on COX-2 over COX-1, These results suggest that Sinomenine is a selective COX-2 inhibitor, which may be directly related to suppressing cyclooxygenase activity.

Adult ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Dinoprostone ; blood ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; biosynthesis ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; enzymology ; Membrane Proteins ; Morphinans ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; biosynthesis ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; Sinomenium ; chemistry