Objective To establish an infection model using Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans)-extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (XDRKP)system.Methods Clinically isolated XDRKP strains were used to infect C.elegans in the liquid killing assay,the nematode survival and the number of bacteria in C.elegans digestive tract was observed.Results C.elegans was significantly retarded after being infected by XDRKP,different concentra-tions of XDRKP led to different patterns of the worm death.Log-rank test showed that survival curves of C. elegans infected with 1 .5×106 CFU/mL of XDRKP and E.coli OP50 (control)were not significantly different (χ2 =0.08,P >0.05);survival curves of C.elegans infected with 1 .5 ×107 CFU/mL,1 .5 ×108 CFU/mL of XDRKP and E.coli OP50 were significantly different(χ2 =229.37,275.98,respectively,both P <0.001).The survival rates of 1 .5×108 and 1 .5 ×107 CFU/mL XDRKP groups were both lower than that of the control group.Supernatant suspension obtained from test was performed bacterial culture,identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, XDRKP was determined.After being infected with XDRKP 4,6,12,and 24 hours,the total number of bacteria in C.elegans were(0.28±0.02)×105 CFU/mL,(0.50 ±0.38)×105 CFU/mL,(1 .73 ±0.56)×105 CFU/mL,and (2.62±0.53)×105 CFU/mL,respectively,the number of bacteria in C.elegans digestive tract was significantly different at different time points (F =1 363.39,P <0.001).Conclusion The infection model of C.elegans-XDRKP is established successfully.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between plasma imatinib and its effect in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML). Methods Fifty-one CML patients were included in this study,who began taking imatinib from July 2005 to February 2008, with 34 cases of male, and 17 cases of female.Nine patients took imatinib at dose of 300 mg/d, 37 patients took imatinib at dose of 400 mg/d, and 5 patients took imatinib at dose of 600 mg/d. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to test imatinib plasma levels. Results The imatinib plasma levels was imatinib dose-related, and the imatinib plasma trough levels significantly varied between individuals[(342-4688)ng/ml]. The imatinib plasma levels was significant lower in 300 mg/d dose group [(1037±514) ng/ml] than 400 mg/d dose group [(2123±1016) ng/ml] (t =2.34, P =0.032),and the effective rate was 66.7 % (6/9) in 300 mg/d dose group, which was lower than 400 mg/d dose group of 89.19 % (33/37) (χ2=7.14, P =0.008). In 300 mg/d and 400 mg/d dose groups, 39 patients achieved effective treatment, and their imatinib plasma levels was significant higher than that of 7 patients who did not achieved effective treatment (t =2.25, P =0.037). The ROC curve results suggested that clinical treatment may be poor when the imatinib plasma level was lower than 1050 ng/ml (sensitivity was 84.6 %, specificity was 71.1 %).Conclusion The imatinib plasma levels was dose-related, and significantly varied between individuals.Clinical treatment effect may be poor when the imatinib plasma level was lower than 1050 ng/ml.

Abstract: Objective　To evaluate the completion and final effect of key parasitic disease prevention and control planning tasks in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2019, summarize the experience, find out the problems, and provide the basis for the next stage of prevention and control. Methods　According to the requirements of the Final Evaluation Plan of the National Plan for the Prevention and Control of Hydatid Disease and Other Major Parasitic Diseases (2016-2020), a retrospective survey method was adopted to collect relevant data on the implementation and safeguard measures of the prevention and control of major parasitic diseases, and population infection status in Hubei Province in 2016-2019. Results From 2016 to 2019, We carried out 2 920 992 person times of publicity and education, 209 times of prevention and control technology training, 7 680 person times of business training, with an average of 52 sessions and 1 920 person times per year. We have allocated 3.445 2 million yuan for the prevention and control of parasitic diseases, including 1.722 2 million Yuan froom provincial government, to achieved full coverage of safe drinking water in rural areas under the current national standards, and 7.687 9 million harmless toilets have been built in rural areas. From 2016 to 2019, we carried out 39 658 person times of monitoring and disease investigation, the infection rate of human liver fluke was 0, and the infection rate of soil transmitted nematode was 0.42%. While the annual infection rates varied, there was no statistically significant difference in infection rate between years (χ2＝2.276, P>0.05), but there were statistically significant differences in the infection rates between various soil nematodes (χ2=112.807, P<0.01). From 2016 to 2019, a total of 5 393 people were detected at 17 monitoring points, with the serum positive rate of 3.93% for paragonimiasis, there was a statistically significant difference in serological positive rate between years (χ2=146.011, P<0.01); a total of 738 stream crabs were collected, and the infection rate of intermediate host was 16.26%, wtih a statistically significant difference in the infection rate of stream crabs between years (χ2=49.731, P<0.01). Conclusions　From 2016 to 2019, we adhered to the prevention and control strategy of "prevention first, prevention and control combined", implemented comprehensively various prevention and control measures, and achieved remarkable results in Hubei Province. The key parasitic diseases have been in a low epidemic situation, meeting the requirements of the prevention and control objectives. But the transmission risk still exists, the next step is to continue to strengthen security and monitoring and consolidate the achievements of prevention and control.

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and influencing factors of school influenza-like cases in 2011-2022 in Nanchang, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of school influenza outbreaks. 　　　Methods The epidemiological relevant data of school influenza-like cases from 2011 to 2022 in Nanchang and the pathogen test results of respiratory tract samples were collected for epidemiological and etiology analysis. Results　From 2011 to 2022, a total of 142 influenza-like cases were reported in schools in Nanchang, with a cumulative morbidity of 2 880 cases and a morbidity rate of 1.89%. A total of 1 263 samples were collected, with an overall positive influenza nucleic acid detection rate of 58.91%. The highest proportion of outbreaks occurred in 2017-2019, while the lowest incidence was in 2011-2013. Outbreaks mainly occurred from November to March of the following year (accounting for 79.58%), presenting obvious seasonal characteristics. The distribution was mainly in primary schools, accounting for 70.42% (100/142) of all outbreaks. From 2011 to 2022, all types of influenza viruses were tested, and more than 2 types of influenza viruses were prevalent each year. The dominant strains alternated between influenza A H1N1, influenza A H3N2 and Victoria lineages of type B influenza viruses. From 2011 to 2019, the influenza epidemic in schools in Nanchang showed a continuous upward trend. During COVID-19 in 2020-2022, Nanchang adopted a variety of non-drug prevention and control measures for COVID-19, and both the number of influenza epidemics in various schools and the number of influenza virus nucleic acid positive cases decreased. The average number of classes involved in the epidemic was (3±2), and the average duration of the epidemic was (8±4) days. 　Conclusions The outbreaks of influenza-like illness in Nanchang schools is highly prevalent in winter and spring, , with urban primary schools being the high incidence locations. Non-drug prevention and control measures for COVID-19 have an impact on the epidemic trend of influenza, so the continuous monitoring of the school influenza virus activities and improving the timeliness of the report will be conducive to the rapid control of the epidemic.

Objective To assess the value of bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson' s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA).Methods BCR was compared in 55 patients with PD,20 patients with MSA,and 50 healthy controls,who were enrolled from the Department of Neurology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from May 2013 to April 2014.The clinical features of autonomic nerves dysfunction were also recorded.Results Among all related autonomic symptoms,the occurrence rate of constipation,urinary urgency and frequency in patients with MSA was higher than those with PD.The elicit percent of BCR in patients with PD was 93％,higher than those with MSA (70％).The average latency of BCR in patients with MSA was longer than those with PD (tmale left =16.275,tmale right =14.269,tfemale left =5.954,tfemmale right =5.905,all P ＜ 0.05).The degree of BCR amplitude decreasing in three groups was MSA ＞ PD ＞ healthy controls.There was statistically significant difference among three groups (Fmale left =75.73,Fmale right =73.13,Ffemale left =72.70,Ffemale right =59.44,all P ＜ 0.05).The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) in differential diagnosis of PD and MSA of the average latency of BCR in male and female was 0.947 and 0.948.The area under ROC curve in differential diagnosis of PD and MSA of the average amplitude of BCR in male and female was 0.886 and 0.920.The ROC curve showed the average latency of BCR in male of 44.80 ms with a sensitivity of 95％ and a specificity of 84％,and in female of 61.35 ms with a sensitivity of 86％ and a specificity of 88％ ; the average amplitude of BCR in male of 0.37 mV with a sensitivity of 96％ and a specificity of 68％,and in female of 0.36 mV with a sensitivity of 98％ and a specificity of 76％,which were critical cutoff values in differential diagnosis of PD and MSA with the best sensitivity and specificity.Conclusion The latency and amplitude of BCR test helps to increase the accuracy in the differential diagnosis of PD and MSA.

Objective To evaluate the remission situation of early re-induction with priming low dose regimen containing G-CSF in treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods Ninety-seven AML patients in our hospital from March 2015 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.All cases adopted the standard DA regimen for conducting the induction chemotherapy,among them,38 cases had significant residual disease on 14 d of induction chemotherapy,21 cases adopted the low dose priming regimen for conducting the early re-induction chemotherapy,17 cases adopted the tandard DA gregimen for conducting the re-induction chemotherapy.The complete remission(CR) rate and and adverse reactions were compared between two groups.Results The total CR rate in all 97 cases was 60.8％;among 38 cases needing re-induction chemotherapy,the CR rate in the priming regimen re-induction group was 76.2 ％,which was significantly higher than 41.2 ％ in the DA regimen re-induction group,the difference was statistically significant (P=0.028);the occurrence rates of side effects such as infection and cytopenia during re-induction chemotherapy process had no difference between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion For AML patients with obvious residual disease on 14 d of induction chemotherapy,adopting low dose priming regimen in re-duction chemotherapy has higher CR,which is superior to the standard DA regimen.

Objective To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung.Methods Clinicopathologic characteristics and immunohistochemical results of 42 cases with sarcoma- toid carcinoma of the lung were analyzed.Results Forty-two cases were pathologically proved to be spindle cell carcinoma,1 cases;giant cell carcinoma,1 case;carcinosarcoma,4 cases;pleomorphic carcinoma,36 cases.The tumors were composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.Immunohistochemistry showed that CK was positive in 24 of 24 cases,EMA was positive in 18 of 20 cases,Vim was positive in 25 of 25 cases.Eighteen cases were survival One-year survival rate was 61.2 %,with mean survival 13.3 months. Conclusion Diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung depends on pathologic and immunohistochemical results.

Background Retinitis pigmentosa (RP)is a common hereditary blinding eye disease in ophthalmology.Current researches documented that RP may have the common pathophysiologic basis to Alzheimer disease and chronic neurodegenerative disease.Understanding this mechanism will offer a new therapeutic target for RP.Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)/P25 activation in the apoptosis of retinal neural cells of RCS rats.Methods Eighteen SPF RCS rats and 18 RCS-rdy+ rats were randomized into 17-,25-and 35-day groups respectively and 6 rats for each.The rats were sacrificed at corresponding time points and retinal hemogenete was prepared.Expressions of CdkS,P35,P25 and tau phosphorylation in the retinas were detected by Western blot,and the kinase activity of Cdk5/P25 was analyzed by quantitative colorimetric assay.Results The expressing level of P35 protein(A340) in the retinas of 17-day-old RCS rats was near that of 17-day-old RCS-rdy+ rats(t =0.52,P＞0.05).In 25-and 35-day-old RCS rats,the expressing levels of P35 protein were 2.20±0.48 and 1.23±0.14,which were higher than those of RCS-rdy+ rats(1.43±0.13 and 0.93±0.10),showing significant differences between them(t =3.78,4.28,P＜0.05).The expression of P25 was undetectable at postnatal 17 days in RCS rats and RCS-rdy+ rats,but it showed significantly higher in RCS rats(0.300±0.003 and 0.230±0.004) than that in RCS-rdy+ rats(0.040±0.004 and 0.070±0.004) at postnatal 25 days and 35 days(t=121.81,77.51,P＜0.01).No significant difference was found in the expression of Cdk5 in RCS rats and RCS-rdy+ rats at different ages (t =-0.60,0.19,1.62,P＞ 0.05).The kinase activity of Cdk5/P25 did not show significantly different between RCS and RCS-rdy+ rats at postnatal 17 days(t =0.19,P＞0.05),but significantly higher kinase activity of Cdk5/P25 was seen in RCS rats (0.0058 ±0.0005 and 0.0056±0.0004) than that in RCS-rdy+ rats(0.0038±0.0003 and 0.0032 ±0.0007) at postnatal 25 days and 35 days (t =8.07,5.97,P＜ 0.01).No expression of tau phosphorylation was detected in RCS rats at postnatal 17 days,but significantly higher tau phosphorylation level was seen in RCS rats at postnatal 25 days and 35 days(1.80±0.22 and 1.23±0.17),which were significant different in comparison with RCS-rdy+ rats at postnatal 25 days and 35 days(1.60 ±0.20 and 1.04 ±0.12)(t=4.71,3.17,P＜0.05).Conclusions The Cdk5/P25 kinase activity shows a consistent trend with theexpressions of P25 and tau phosphorylation in the RCS rats,indicating that the upregulation of P25 induces the enhance of enzyme activity of Cdk5,which phosphorylate its substrates to result in more apoptosis of retinal neural cells.

Abstract: Objective　To collect and organize malaria case data in Hubei Province from 2017 to 2021, compare and analyze the malaria epidemic characteristics on the before and after malaria elimination, and provide scientific support for Hubei Province to further optimize the comprehensive strategies to prevent re-transmission after the elimination of malaria. Methods The study was conducted by collecting the data of reported malaria cases of Hubei during 2017-2021 from the Infectious Disease Surveillance Reporting and Management System, and conducting the epidemiological characteristics of malaria on pre-elimination (2017-2019) and post-elimination (2020-2021). Results A total of 429 cases of imported malaria were reported in Hubei Province from 2017 to 2021, and the malaria epidemic showed an obvious trend of rising first and then falling. On the pre-malaria elimination, 374 malaria cases were reported, including 262 cases of P.falciparum (70.05%); on the post-malaria elimination, 55 malaria cases were reported, including 25 cases of P.falciparum (45.45%). There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of infections caused by the four types of malaria parasites before and after the elimination of malaria (χ2=14.248, P<0.05). On the pre-malaria elimination, the peak of disease onset mainly occurred in January, July, and November; on the post-malaria elimination, the peak of disease onset mainly occurred in January to February, and December. Both before and after malaria elimination, the reported cases were mainly concentrated in Wuhan, Yichang, Huangshi, Xiangyang, Shiyan and Huanggang, but the range of cases showed a clear trend of narrowing. Before and after malaria elimination, malaria cases in Hubei Province were mainly among young and middle-aged males aged 30-49. The proportions of workers and migrant workers increased from 37.70% and 9.09% before the elimination to 50.91% and 18.18% after the elimination, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=17.839, P<0.05). The percentage of interval from onset of illness to initial diagnosis ≥ 5d decreased from 21.66% before the elimination to 10.91% after the elimination (χ2=6.448, P<0.05). The percentage of definitive diagnosis of malaria at initial diagnosis in town clinic increased from 18.18% before the elimination to 50.00% after the elimination. The proportion of malaria cases diagnosed by county-level medical institutions increased from 22.73% before the elimination to 34.55% after elimination. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of malaria cases diagnosed by medical institutions at all levels before and after the elimination of malaria (χ2=5.630, P>0.05). The proportion of cases with the interval between initial diagnosis and diagnosis within 24h increased from 43.85% before the elimination to 70.91% after the elimination. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of cases with the interval between initial diagnosis and diagnosis before and after the elimination of malaria (χ2=14.006, P<0.05). Before and after malaria elimination, all reported cases were mainly imported from African countries. Conclusions There are imported malaria cases reported every year in Hubei Province before and after the elimination of malaria, which poses a great challenge to the prevention of re-transmission. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance system, detect and standardize the treatment of imported malaria cases in a timely manner, conduct targeted retransmission risk surveys and assessments, and consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination.

Macrophages are involved in many important biological processes and membrane proteins are the key effector molecules for their functions. However, membrane proteins are difficult to analyze by 2-DE based method because of their intrinsic tendency to self-aggregate during the first dimension separation (IEF). To circumvent the obstacle hampering membrane protein analysis, we combined one-dimensional SDS-PAGE with capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using this technique, we identified 458 GO annotated membrane proteins with extremely high confidence, including most known markers of peritoneal macrophages (e.g., CD11b, F4/80, CD14, CD18, CD86, CD44, CD16 and Toll-like receptor). Thirteen other CD antigens and 18 Ras-related small GTPase were also identified. In addition to those known macrophage membrane proteins, a significant number of novel proteins have also been identified. This research provides a valuable data set of macrophage membrane proteins, thus allowing for more comprehensive study of membrane proteins and a better understanding of the function mechanisms of macrophages in many biological processes.