Objective To discuss clinical features and surgical treatment of the coexistence of cervical,thoracic and lumber degenerative disease.Methods From January 2004 to December 2008,79 cases with the coexistence of cervical,thoracic and lumber degenerative disease were surgically treated,including 51 males and 28 females,aged from 30 to 80 years(average,58.1 years).All 79 cases presented coexistence of cervical,thoracic and lumbar compression symptoms,such as limb numbness,weakness,zonesthesia and positive Hoffmann and Babinski sign.Forty-one cases mainly presented cervical symptoms,5 presented thoracic symptoms and 12 presented lumbar symptoms.According to affected segments,41 cases received cervical operations,5 cases received thoracic operations,12 cases received lumber operations,and 21 cases received two parts operations.Surgical outcomes were evaluated by Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score.Results JOA score of all cases improved in varying degrees.The improvement rate of received cervical operation was 66.06%±14.33%,and that of received mere thoracic operation was 56.19%±9.85%,and that of lumbar operation was 63.49%±9.78%.Twenty-one cases received tow parts operations.Forteen cases received one-stage two parts operations with improvement rate of 76.78%±3.94% and 7 cases received twostage two part operations with improvement rate of 71.79%±8.74%.Conclusion The coexistence of cervical,thoracic and lumber degenerative disease is a kind of complex disease,which involves multi-segments and presents various clinical manifestations.The condition was caused by disk herniation,spinal stenosis and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament and hypertrophy or ossification of ligamentum flavum.The optimal surgical procedures should be selected by integrated judgment of symptoms and imaging manifestations.

BACKGROUND:Recently,in vitro nucleus gelatinosus and annulus fibrosus cell culture technology,especially cartilage tissue engineering development and primary success in autogenous intervertebral disc cell transplantation to repair nucleus pulposus defect,brings a hope for regeneration and reparation of degenerated intervertebral disc.OBJECTIVE:To explore the dose-dependent and time-dependent effects of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) on proliferation of anulus fibrosus cells in vitro.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Single-sample observation was performed at the Laboratory of Parasite,Shanxi Medical University between September 2006 and January 2007.MATERIALS:Thirty 1-month-old Wistar rats,irrespective of gender,were selected.METHODS:Anulus fibrosus cells were isolated and cultured in vitro.In dose-dependent test,IGF-Ⅰ(0.1,1.0,10,and 100 ?g/L),prepared by volume fraction 0.01 or 0.1 calf serum HAMF-12,were added.Cells not with IGF-Ⅰ served as control.Cells were cultured for 72 hours.In time-dependent test,optimal dose of IGF-Ⅰ containing volume fraction 0.1 calf serum and F-12 solution was added,and cells not with IGF-Ⅰ served as control.The cells were cultured for 1,3,5,and 7 days.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Cell biological features were detected using HE staining and toluidine blue immunohistochemical staining;Dose-dependent and time-dependent effects were examined by MTT assay.RESULTS:HE stained cells were fusiform-shaped with pseudopodia,round or oval nucleus.The cytoplasm was blue after stained with the toluidine blue.The immunohistochemical test revealed that there existed positive expression of typeⅠcollagen in the cells.In the presence of 10% calf serum,IGF-Ⅰ significantly improved cell proliferative activity in a dose-dependent manner within effective dose range.CONCLUSION:IGF-Ⅰ can stimulate cell proliferation of rat anulus fibrosus cells in vitro in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner.

Acanthosis Nigricans ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Antigens, CD ; genetics ; Biomarkers ; blood ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Donohue Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Insulin ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology

Objective To investigate reasonable surgical approaches for lower spine injuries.Methods The study involved 174 patients with lower cervical spine injuries treated with anterior approaches, posterior approaches, or anterior-posterior approaches in our hospital from August 2005 to September 2009. American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grading system was used to evaluate the surgical outcome. Results All patients were followed up for average 30 months (6-55 months), which showed that bone union was achieved in 169 patients, with no breakage, loosening or displacement of the internal fixators. There were five deaths. The ASIA grades of 125 patients were improved by 1 or 2 levels ( 1.12levels on average), with an improvement rate of 71.3%. Conclusion Comprehensive and accurate preoperative diagnosis is the basis for choose of correct surgical approaches for lower spine injury. Early and correct surgery is essential for a good prognosis.

BACKGROUND:With the development of the research, induced pluripotent stem cel s are applied to the build of disease model, drug screening, regenerative medicine, and many other research fields, and have made significant achievements, especial y in the study of nervous system diseases.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the recent development of induced pluripotent stem cel s and to raise problems and prospects based on the latest research in this field.
METHODS:The first author searched the PubMed database for articles about the induced pluripotent stem cel s, including reviews, clinical research and basic research, published from January 2006 to September 2014. The keywords were“iPS, induced pluripotent stem cel”, and final y 60 articles were included in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Induced pluripotent stem cel research continues to make breakthrough from its discovery by Yamanaka’s team in 2006 to winning Nobel Prize in 2012. Induced pluripotent stem cel research has broad prospects in the disease model construction, drug screening and regenerative medicine. Currently, problems such as reprogramming methods, cel stability, and clinical transformation stil need to be solved, and further researches are necessary.

Objective: To compare trophic effects of soluble substances derived from Schwann cells (SC) of neonatal and Wallerian degenerating segments of rats on facial motoneuron (FMN) cultures. Methods: Serum-free conditioned media of Schwann cell cultures (SC-CM) from facial and sciatic nerves of neonatal and Wallerian degenerating segments in adult rats were individually collected and concentrated by ultra-filtration with molecular weight cut-off at 30 000 and 10 000. The growth activities of FMNs in vitro were determined by means of MTT assay under the condition of serum-free medium added with different components of concentrated SC-CMs (SC-CMCs). The absorbance values were then statistically analyzed. Results: Survival and growth rate of FMN cultures in four kinds of SC-CMCs were significantly higher than that in media both with serum and non-serum and the difference between SC-CMCs was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Neurotrophic molecules were predominantly protein or peptide components with relative molecular weight larger than 30 000 and their trophic activity was positively related to total protein concentration in SC-CMCs. Conclusion: There were soluble trophic molecules with relative molecular weight larger than 30 000 for survival and neurite growth of FMN cultures in media with SC-CMCs derived from facial and sciatic nerves of neonatal rats and with SC-CMCs derived from Wallerian degenerating facial and sciatic nerves of adult rats. It might be reasonable to choose SC from sciatic nerves of rats on account of the findings from SC cultures on facial motoneurons.

Deconstruction of lignocellulosic plant cell walls to fermentable sugars by biochemical means is impeded by several poorly understood ultrastructural and chemical barriers. Pretreatment is an essential step by altering the morphological and compositional characteristics of biomass to enhance the sugar release during enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, getting insight into this field is necessary to improve the conversion of biomass into biofuels. In this review, we highlight our recent understanding on the impact of various promising pretreatments on biomass, with emphasis on the topochemical and ultrastructural changes of plant cell walls that are related to the reduction of recalcitrance and the consequence of saccharification. It will lend support to the scientific research and development with respect to biomass conversion.
Biofuels ; Biomass ; Carbohydrates ; chemistry ; Cell Wall ; ultrastructure ; Fermentation ; Hydrolysis ; Lignin ; chemistry ; Plant Cells ; ultrastructure

Chordoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Facial Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; transplantation ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps

BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have shown that adult stem cels derived from multiple tissues are available to differentiate towards nucleus pulposus-like celsin vitro. It is unclear whether mesenchymal stem cels derived from nucleus pulposus tissues have the ability to differentiate towards nucleus pulposus-like phenotypes induced by transforming growth factor-beta 1. Up to now, there are few reports on the difference between the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cels derived from nucleus pulposus tissues and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels. OBJECTIVE:To compare the ability of mesenchymal stem cels derived from nucleus pulposus tissues and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels differentiating into nucleus pulposus-like cels under induction of transforming growth factor-beta 1. METHODS:The groin fat tissue and the coccygeal spine of rats were taken respectively to isolate and culture mesenchymal stem cels derived from nucleus pulposus tissues and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels by mechanical enzyme digestion method. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the expression of CD105, CD90, CD29, CD45, CD44, CD34, and CD24 of both two kinds of stem cels. Mesenchymal stem cels derived from nucleus pulposus tissues and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels were divided into complete induction group (complete induction medium with transforming growth factor-beta 1), incomplete induction group (complete induction medium without transforming growth factor-beta 1) and control group(DMEM/F12 containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 mg/L penicilin/streptomycin), respectively. After 14 days of culture, real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of colagen type II, Aggrecan and SOX-9 in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:CD105, CD90, CD29 expressed positively and CD45, CD44, CD34, CD24 negatively in both two kinds of stem cels. After 14 days of induced differentiation, the expressions of colagen type II, Aggrecan and SOX-9 in the two kinds of cels were significantly higher in the complete induction groups than in the control groups (P < 0.05). Under the induction of transforming growth factor-beta 1, the expression of colagen type II, Aggrecan and SOX-9 in mesenchymal stem cels derived from nucleus pulposus tissues was significantly higher than that in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that both two kinds of mesenchymal stem cels have the ability to differentiate towards nucleus pulposus-like cels induced by transforming growth factor-beta, and mesenchymal stem cels derived from nucleus pulposus tissues may be more suitable as seed cels for nucleus pulposus tissue engineering research.