Objective To explore the effect of seminar applied in instruction of Introduction of Nursing Science for advanced vocational nursing students.Methods A total of 246 advanced vocational nursing students admitted in 2013 from class 1 to class 5 were named as the control group,who received traditional teaching method.Meanwhile a total of 252 advanced vocational nursing students admitted in 2013 from class 6 to 10 were set as the experimental group,and were given seminar teaching.We adopted California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory Scale,Academic Self-efficacy Scale and an anonymous questionnaire for teaching satisfaction.Theoretical examination was used to be final evaluation.Results The scores of theoretical examination in the experimental group were higher than that of the control group.The scores of critical thinking ability and academic self-efficacy of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group,with a significant difference.The result of the anonymous questionnaire showed that the experimental group showed a higher satisfaction degree with seminar teaching method.Conclusions Seminar teaching method applied in Introduction of Nursing Science is feasible and effective,which is better than traditional method in improving critical thinking ability,academic self-efficacy and teaching satisfaction.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between continuous thrombocytopenia and sepsis in patients with severe burns.

METHODSClinical data of 148 severely burned patients admitted to our,two burn centers from January 2007 to December 2011 and conforming to the study criteria were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into sepsis group (n =44) and non-sepsis group (n = 104) according to the presence or absence of sepsis within post burn day (PBD) 30. The data of age, gender, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, fluid infusion volume within post burn hour (PBH) 24, plasma concentration of calcium ion on PBD 1, plasma concentration of albumin on PBD 1, platelet count on PBD 1, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score on admission, the presence or absence of hypovolemic shock or inhalation injury on admission, the presence or absence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) within PBH 48, operation or no operation within PBD 3, thrombocytopenia duration within PBD 10, and mortality were statistically compared between two groups to screen the independent risk factors of sepsis. Data were processed with t test, chi-square test, single factor Logistic regression analysis, and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSBetween two groups, there were statistically significant differences in total burn area, full-thickness burn area, plasma concentration of calcium ion on PBD 1, plasma concentration of albumin on PBD 1, APACHE II score on admission, presence or absence of hypovolem- ic shock on admission, presence or absence of inhalation injury on admission, presence or absence of DIC within PBH 48, and mortality (with t values from 2.433 to 4.082, χ2 values from 8. 818 to 31.528, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Furthermore, the duration of thrombocytopenia within PBD 10 in sepsis group was (5.2 ± 2.4) d, which was significantly longer than that in non-sepsis group [(2.9 ± 1.9) d, t =6. 189, P <0.01]. There were no statistically significant differences in the other indexes between two groups (with t values from 0.971 to 1. 250, χ2 values respectively 0. 054 and 1.529, P values above 0.05). Single factor and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis indicated that APACHE II score on admission and duration of thrombocytopenia within PBD 10 were closely related to occurrence of sepsis (with odds ratio respectively 1. 140 and 1.569, P values below 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSDuration of thrombocytopenia within PBD 10 is one of the risk factors for sepsis in severely burned patients, which can reflect pathophysiological changes in the body, thus providing predictive value for the occurrence of sepsis.

Aged ; Albumins ; Burn Units ; Burns ; blood ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Regression Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; blood ; etiology ; Shock ; blood ; etiology ; Thrombocytopenia

To elucidate the role of reactive carbonyl compounds in the pathogenesis of vascular complication in patients with chronic renal failure or diabetes. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) were isolated from human umbilical vein and cultured with 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) or methylglyoxal(MGO) in vitro. Expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on the surface of VECs was detected by flow cytometer. The results showed that up-regulation of expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was observed when either 3-DG or MGO was added into the cultures, which was inhibited by a carbonyl compounds scavanger, aminoguanidine. These data suggested that accumulation of reactive carbonyl compounds in patients with chronic renal failure or diabetes might be involved in the mechanism of arteriosclerosis.

Objective To study the effect of the PDE5 inhibitor on noise-induced hearing loss .Methods 30 guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group ,noise exposure group and PDE5 inbibiter group(10 in each) . Two weeks after white noise exposure of 110 dB ,sildenafil (10 mg?kg -1 ?d-1 ) and NS(4 ml?kg -1 ?d-1 ) were injected into guinea pigs of PDE5 inbibiter group and the noise group respectively .One week after noise exposure four weeks continuous administration was cavried out .The ABR thresholds and the PL of wave Ⅰ were measured respectively prior to the experiment ,1 week post-noise ,1 ,2 and 4 weeks post-drugs .The changes of cochlea hair cells were also observed by light microscopy .Results The ABR threshold shifts and the PL in sildenafil group were less obvious than that of in the noise group .The number of OHCs loss was relatively stable in the normal group , while the obvious OHC loss was observed in other groups .There was significant difference among the three groups , however ,the OHC loss in the sildenafil treatment group was not significantly different from that in the noise expo‐sure (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The inhibitor of PDE5 is able to reduce the decrease of ABR thresholds shift ,shorten the extension of the PL ,and it can significantly protect against noise-induced hearing loss .

The aim of this article is to explore the dual-system of German geriatric nursing, curriculum of geriatric nursing, concept of major and evaluation mode, which could provide references and reflection for national geriatric nursing development.

To elucidate the role of reactive carbonyl compounds in the pathogenesis of vascular complication in patients with chronic renal failure or diabetes. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) were isolated from human umbilical vein and cultured with 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) or methylglyoxal(MGO) in vitro. Expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on the surface of VECs was detected by flow cytometer. The results showed that up-regulation of expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was observed when either 3-DG or MGO was added into the cultures, which was inhibited by a carbonyl compounds scavanger, aminoguanidine. These data suggested that accumulation of reactive carbonyl compounds in patients with chronic renal failure or diabetes might be involved in the mechanism of arteriosclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of sildenafil on morphology to noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs. METHOD: Guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group, noise exposure group and the sildenafil treatment group, 12 in each group. a week after white noise exposure of 110 dB, sildenafil (10 mg/kg x d) and NS (4 ml/kg x d) were injected into guinea pigs of the sildenafil treatment group and noise exposure group respectively for four continuous weeks. ABR thresholds were measured respectively prior to the experiment, 1 week post-noise, 1, 2 and 4 weeks post-drugs, the changes of cochlea hair cells were also observed with a scan electron microscope (SEM) and light microscope. RESULT: The ABR threshold shifts in the sildenafil treatment group were significantly fewer than that in the noise exposure group. SEM showed that hear hair of the inner and outer hair cells in noise exposure group displayed mess, fusion and imperfections. In the sildenafil treatment group, the hair cells displayed slight pathological changes, there wasn't significant differents comparied with normal group. The number of OHCs were relatively stable in the normal group, while the obvious OHC loss was observed in other groups. There was significant difference among the three groups, however, the OHC loss in the sildenafil treatment group was not significantly different to that in the noise exposure (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Sildenafil can significantly protect against noise-induced hearing loss.
Animals ; Guinea Pigs ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer ; drug effects ; pathology ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; drug therapy ; Noise ; Sildenafil Citrate ; therapeutic use

Background Trans-arachidonic acids (TAAs) are specific lipid markers of nitrative stress and the major products of NO2·-mediated ismoerization of aracchidonic acid(AA),and they represent a possible new mechanism of NO2·-induced toxicity in ischemic retinopathy.Our previous study demonstrated that high glucose induce nitrative stress response. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrative stress on retinal capillary in diabetic rats by detecting the TAAs with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC/MS).Methods One hundred 2-week-old clean male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and diabetic group.Diabetic rat models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozoticin of 60 mg/kg,and the successful models were identified as the blood glucose level>16.7 mmol/L.The synthesis method was modified in this study andaraehidonic acid w8$utilized as starting material.14E-AA was obtained as a standard sample via expoxidation and deoxidation in a safe and practical pattern.Serum TAAs and AA in diabetic rats were detected by GC/MS in 2,4,8,12 and 16 weeks after injection of streptozoticin.The ratio of peak area of TAAs to AA with selected ion of 79 was estimated and compared with normal rats. Results Fifty rats had been in Diabetic models were established in 50 rats with the successful rate 100%,and the high blood glucose level in model rats retained throughout the experimental duration.GC/MS results showed that the 14E-AA was obtained with the purity of 97.3%,which provided a standard sample to nitrative stress-related research as a premise. No significant differences were found in serum TAAs/AA values at 2 weeks and 4 weeks between model group and control group (t =-0. 376, t =-0. 642,P>0. 05). However,serum TAAs/AA values in at 8,12 and 16 weeks after streptozoticin injection were considerably elevated in comparison with those of control group (0. 0832 vs 0. 1042,0. 0910 vs 0. 1568, 0. 1100 vs 0. 1895;t=-36.409,t=-166.714,t=-148.212,P<0. 05). Conclusion Elevation of serum TAAs/AA is associated with diabetic duration,implying that damage of nitrative stress to retinal capillary is a parallel procedure to diabetic course.Establishment of GC/MS detection system offers a new evaluating indicator in the research on microvascular ischemic disease and could be implemented in clinical testing.

Objective To investigate the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in liver cancer and its clinical significance. Methods The specimens of liver cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, cirrhotic tissues and chronic hepatitis tissues were collected from 50 patients who received radical resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from July 2007 to April 2008. The mRNA and protein expressions of DNMT1,DNMT3a and DNMT3b in liver cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, cirrhotic tissues and chronic hepatitis tissues were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expression of DNMTs in the liver cancer tissues was compared with those in the adjacent tissues, cirrhotic tissues and chronic hepatitis tissues by using t test and Mann-Whitney U test. The correlation between the protein expression of DNMTs in the liver cancer tissue and the clinicopathological features was analyzed by chi-square test or Fisher exact test, and the tumor-free survival time was analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier method and the difference in tumor-free survival rate between different patients was analyzed by Log-rank test. Results The mRNA expressions of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b in the liver cancer tissue were 2.57, 2.29 and 4.86 times higher than those in the adjacent tissues (t = 3.94, 2. 72, 4. 06, P ＜ 0.05 ). The mRNA expressions of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b were 2.38,2.14 and 4.66 times higher than those in the cirrhotic tissues, and 6.12, 4.58 and 12.99 times higher than those in the chronic hepatitis tissues. The mRNA expressions of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b in the liver cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in the cirrhotic tissues and chronic hepatitis tissues ( U = 587.5,730. 0,562.5; 65.5, 64.5, 71.0, P ＜ 0.05). The protein expression of DNMT1 was correlated with the size, number,TNM stages and vascular invasion of tumors ( x2 = 4.08, 5.95, 4.08, P ＜ 0.05 ). The protein expression of DNMT3a was correlated with the size, number and TNM stages of tumors (x2 = 4.08, 5.95, 4.08, P ＜ 0.05 ).The mean tumor recurrence time of patients with low expressions of DNMT1 and DNMT3a were 9.4 and 8.7 months, which were significantly longer than 5.0 and 3.2 months of those with high expressions of DNMT1 and DNMT3a (x2 =3.89, 9.91, P＜0.05). Conclusions DNMTs play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis.High expressions of DNMT1 and DNMT3a are correlated with the postoperative recurrence of liver cancer, which are valuable prognostic factors for liver cancer.

Succinic acid is widely used in the field of chemistry and food proces s. Compared to the traditional chemical synthesis, succinic acid production by fermentation has some benefits. The new process with competitive cost uses rene wable agricultural resources including green house gas CO 2 instead of fossil f uels and reduces pollution from chemical synthesis. In this article, research progr e ss in production of succinic acid by fermentation such as microorganisms, metabo lic pathways and its regulation, fermentation and isolation are briefly reviewed .