Objective To find out the dynamic variation on HCV genome to give the theoretic basis for diagnosis of post transfusion hepatitis C,and demonstrate the causality between donors and recipients suffering from post transfusion hepatitis C.Methods The high variable envelope gene fragments (HVR1 and HVR2) of HCV was selected for a cross sectional study and a one year follow up study was carried out on 3 HCV patients at every 3 month period to understand the dynamic variation of HCV HVR in each patient.Results The homology of HCV HVR genes among different types is 56.99%～60.88%,65.09%～68.80% among different subtypes,and 80.05%～96.40% among the same subtypes.It consists with the geographic distribution of HCV.The homology between the different strains isolated from the same patients is 92.10%～99.73%,95.36%～97.54 and 97.07%～99.20%,respectively.Conclusion The variation of different HCV strains in HVR is great.However,the variation of the same virus in the same patient during short infectious period is rather limited,which is no more than 7.9% per year.So the transmission pathway of some hepatitis C cases can be trailed at the molecular level by this way,and some non transfusion transmitted hepatitis C cases can be exclude

Objective To assess the blood safety under the current sero-screening program and gain experience on how to implement NAT as a routine assay for blood screening in China. Methods Sera from 103,539 non-remunerated donors of Shanghai blood center were tested by Chiron's Procleix(TMA HIV-1/HCV Assay in 2 study stages with 8 and 24 sample-pool respectively. Results 5 NAT positive samples were found to be Anti-HCV EIA-2 test positive at the same time. No window period cases of HIV-1/HCV were found in this donor group. But 275 (0.27% ) anti-HCV and 107 (0. 10%) anti-HIV false positive samples were identified by the second sero-screening. Conclusion The blood quality of Shanghai city was high to be close to the level of developed countries and the window period risk of HIV-1 and HCV was less than 1:100,000. With its high sensitivity and specificity,Procleix( TMA HIV-1/HCV Assay can be used in routine blood screening in China.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between plasma imatinib and its effect in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML). Methods Fifty-one CML patients were included in this study,who began taking imatinib from July 2005 to February 2008, with 34 cases of male, and 17 cases of female.Nine patients took imatinib at dose of 300 mg/d, 37 patients took imatinib at dose of 400 mg/d, and 5 patients took imatinib at dose of 600 mg/d. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to test imatinib plasma levels. Results The imatinib plasma levels was imatinib dose-related, and the imatinib plasma trough levels significantly varied between individuals[(342-4688)ng/ml]. The imatinib plasma levels was significant lower in 300 mg/d dose group [(1037±514) ng/ml] than 400 mg/d dose group [(2123±1016) ng/ml] (t =2.34, P =0.032),and the effective rate was 66.7 % (6/9) in 300 mg/d dose group, which was lower than 400 mg/d dose group of 89.19 % (33/37) (χ2=7.14, P =0.008). In 300 mg/d and 400 mg/d dose groups, 39 patients achieved effective treatment, and their imatinib plasma levels was significant higher than that of 7 patients who did not achieved effective treatment (t =2.25, P =0.037). The ROC curve results suggested that clinical treatment may be poor when the imatinib plasma level was lower than 1050 ng/ml (sensitivity was 84.6 %, specificity was 71.1 %).Conclusion The imatinib plasma levels was dose-related, and significantly varied between individuals.Clinical treatment effect may be poor when the imatinib plasma level was lower than 1050 ng/ml.

To select appropriate descriptors for response of the patient-reported outcome (PRO) scale for the main symptoms of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with pulmonary heart disease.

[Objective]To analyze the advantages of transparent cap assisted endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of duode-nal diseases.[Methods]From September 2014 to December 2015,62 cases with suspicious duodenal diseases in the endoscopy cen-ter of our hospital randomly divided into transparent cap group(n=31)and routine group(n=31)according to the time sequence. The visual field resolution,success rate of image capture and operating time were compared in 2 groups.[Results]Thirty cases in transparent cap group had clear visual field definition ,which was obviously higher than 9 cases in conventional group (96.8% vs 29%,P < 0.001). Twenty-three cases in transparent cap group and 8 cases in routine group were successfully captured(90.3% vs 25.8%,P < 0.001). The average operating time of the transparent cap group was significantly shorter than that of the conventional group(150+58 vs 95+36 seconds,P=0.004).[Conclusion]Transparent cap endoscope examination is more effective in the treat-ment of duodenal diseases,and the image capture is higher and the operation time is shorter.

This paper analyzed the characteristics of post-disaster medical assistance systems in Anglo-American countries and Japan. In consideration of China's national conditions at present, it come up with recommendations that the government should formulate and perfect the legal system of postdisaster medical assistance, improve the related systems of medical care, establish post-disaster medical assistance responding as a long-term management mechanism, establish and improve emergency preparedness, and post-disaster psychological intervention in mechanisms.

Objective To define the effect and mechanism of hyperkalemic solution on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion in rabbits. Methods Eighteen rabbits were selected and the chest was opened under anes-thetization to remove the heart. The left atrium was isolated and fixed in the atrial perfusion system with proper electric stimulation for beating. The following experiments were carried out on beating rabbit atria: ①The atrium was perfused for 60 min to stabilize parameters of ANP secretion and atrial dynamics. The control period (12 min as an experimental cycle) was followed by an infusion of hyperkalemic solution (K+ concentration of hyperkalemic solution was 5.64 mmol/L and the osmolarity of hyperkalemic solution was unchanged) for three cycles, then normal K+ cancentration was recovered for two cycles;②The control period was followed by an infusion of L type Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine (1.0 μmol/L) for three cycles;③L type Ca2+ channel inhibitor nifedipine (1.0 μmol/L) was infused for 36 rain prior (three cycles) to infusion of hyperkalemic solution. Atrial stroke volume was determined and the ANP secretion was measured by radioimmtmoaasay. Results (1)Hyperkalemic solution increased atrial ANP secretion (P<0.01) and reduced the atrial stroke volume,hut the difference was not statistically significant as compared with that of the control cycle(P>0.05). The recovery trend was to the normal level of ANP secretion and atrial stroke volume was to become normal gradually when solution level recovered to normal ,which was not significantly different from that of the control cycle (P>0.05) ;②Nifedipine (1.0 μmol/L) also increased the atrial ANP secretion (P<0.01 or P <0.05) while decreasing atrial stroke volume (P<0.01 or P < 0.05 ) ; ③Nifodipine (1.0μmol/L) completely blocked the effect of hyperkalemic solution so to increase the ANP secretion (P <0.01 ). Conclusion Hyperkalemic solution significantly increases atrial ANP secretion via extracellular high K+ competitive inhibition of extracellular Ca2+ inflow in beating rabbit atria.

AIM: To study and establish the fingerprint of raw Herba Polygoni Orientalis by RP-HPLC. METHODS: The chromatographic conditions were as follow: an Inersil-ODS-3 column was used;the mobile phase was composed of acetontrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid with gradient elution;the flow was 1.0 mL?mim~(-1) and the UV absorbance detection was set at 300 nm. RESULTS: Under the selected chromatographic conditions. Similarity of 10 batches of good HPLC fingerprint of raw Herba Polygoni Orientalis were obtained. no less than 0.9.( CONCLUSION): Quality of raw Herba Polygoni Orientalis can be controlled effectively by HPLC-UV fingerprint.

Objective To detect the expression of CD 44 +/CD24 -and E-cadherin and vimentin in non-small cell lung cancer and its clinical prognostic relevance .Methods By immunohistochemistry , detecting , 500 cases of non-small cell lung cancer E -cadherin ,Vimentin and CD44 +/CD24 -expressions′correlation ,we analyzed the relationship with non -small cell lung cancer .Results In non-small cell lung cancer , vimentin was related to tissue differentiation,TNM staging(P<0.05);there was relationship between CD44 +/CD24 -and EMT by E-cadherin expression(P <0.05);CD44 +/CD24 -expression was related to lymph node metastasis , differentiation(P<0.05);their expressions were not obviously related to age ,sex,smoking history,clinical patho-logical type .The survival time of CD44 +/CD24 -high expression in NSCLC was significantly shorter than lower expression in NSCLC(P<0.05).Conclusion EMT malignant phenomenon raises cancer stem cells ,which can lead to the development of malignant cells poorly differentiated trends ,they are not an isolated process;important role in the development of EMT and CD 44 +/CD24 -union occurs in non -small cell lung cancer and prognosis with patients ,which provides a potential breakthrough in the treatment of cancer prevention and treatment targets .

A simple, rapid, and sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of two fatty acids, methyl hexadecanoate (MH) and methyl stearate (MS), to allow the evaluation of packaging-drug compatibility. The two migrants were quantified in selective ion-monitoring (SIM) mode, with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.0030 μg/mL and 0.0121 μg/mL. Linear calibration curves for MH and MS were obtained in the concentration ranges of 0.1011–5.0570 μg/mL and 0.2015–10.0740 μg/mL, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to estimate the safety of the injection of recombinant antitumor-antivirus protein (RAAP). The results showed that the possible maximum daily intake was 3.0 ng and 12.1 ng for MH and MS, re-spectively. As these values were both below the permitted daily exposure, the migrants can be con-sidered as having low safety risk and do not affect the quality of the injection.