Objective To investigate the injury effects and mechanisms of circulating histones on the hepatocytes in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV )-related liver failure (HBV-LF) .Methods Serum samples from patients with HBV-LF were collected . The levels of serum histone H3 , histone H4 , prothrombin activity (PTA ) ,total bilirubin (TBil) ,creatinine (Cr) and international normalized ratio (INR) of the patients were measured .Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was calculated in the patients .The serum levels of histones were compared between patients and the healthy volunteers . The correlation of histones with the MELD score and PTA was analyzed .The human liver cell line L-02 cells were cultured and treated with the serum of patients or L-02 cellular lysate supernatant preincubated with or without anti-histone H3 and H4 antibodies .The cellular morphology and rate of apoptosis were observed .Intracellular calcium ion concentration and Caspase-3 activity were detected in the cultured L-02 cells treated with histones .Mean of two independent samples was compared using t tests .Relationship between histones and the MELD score or PTA was conducted using Spearman correlation analysis .Results The levels of serum histones in the patients with HBV-LF were much higher than those in the healthy volunteers (H3 :[5 390 .3 ± 1 032 .0] μg/mL vs [42 .7 ± 12 .8] μg/mL , t = 32 .76 , P < 0 .01 ; H4 :[4 205 .1 ± 662 .3] μg/mL vs [40 .3 ± 14 .6] μg/mL ,t = 39 .74 , P< 0 .01) .In addition ,serum histones (H3/H4) levels in patients were negatively correlated with serum PTA (r= - 0 .325 ,P= 0 .038 and r =- 0 .572 ,P= 0 .028 ,respectively) ,but positively correlated with the MELD score (r= 0 .359 ,P= 0 .021 and r = 0 .568 , P = 0 .007 , respectively ) . Both serum of patients with HBV-LF and L-02 lysate supernatant were toxic to cultured L-02 cells .The injury effect was inhibited by anti-histone antibodies ([9 .3 ± 1 .5]% vs [14 .3 ± 0 .6]% , t = 4 .259 , P= 0 .02) .L-02 cells treated with calf thymus histone were cultured for 4 h . Cellular toxicity of histones resulted in Caspase-3 activation . The effect was inhibited by anti-histone antibodies ([3 .5 ± 0 .5]% vs [5 .2 ± 0 .6]% ,t= 4 .243 ,P= 0 .02) .Conclusion The elevated circulating histones in the patients with HBV-LF may aggravate the liver damage .

We observed 38 patients' breath frequency after different oxygen therapy according to their visit sequences and tolerance conditions.All patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary.disease (COPD) plus carbon dioxide retention from April 2008 to June 2011 were recruited at our hospital.Twentythree patients who could maintain SpO2≥92％ through inspiring O2 at ≤3.5 L/min were assigned into the first group.And another 15 subjects whose SpO2 could not reach 92％ at the same oxygen flow for 5 hours were assigned into the second group.The second group received an elevated oxygen flow until their SpO2 attained 92％ or so.But the maximal rate did not exceed 8 L/min even if SpO2 was below 92％.The state was maintained for 5 hours.Paired t-test showed PaO2 became elevated and PaCO2 decreased significantly on onset and termination of low oxygen flow in both groups.But the frequency of the second group's breaths per minute (BPM) had no significant differences.After elevating oxygen flow,the second group's BPM and PaCO2 on onset and termination were (19.4 ± 3.4) and (18.1 ± 2.6) perminute (P =0.038),(55.0 ±8.1) and (52.0 ±7.9) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) (P =0.030) respectively and the results showed significant decreases.But SpO2 was elevated [(85.8 ± 4.1) and (90.7 ± 2.4) mm Hg (P =0.000)].

Female ; Humans ; Hyperkeratosis, Epidermolytic ; pathology ; Infant, Newborn

Objective: Enhanced expression of adhesion molecules on synovial tissu e has been demonstrated in patients with dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA). T he study was conducted to elucidate the mechanisms by which the expression of adh esion molecules on synovial cells was up-regulated.Methods: Human type-B synov ial cells were cultured in vitro with β2-microglobulin modified with adva nced glycation end products (AGE-β2m) , native β2-microglobulin (β2 m) , tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）and interleukin -1β（ IL-1β）. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), vasc ular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), and E-selectin was examined by immunofluor esc enct staining and flow cytometer analysis. Results:ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, but not E -selectin, were constitutively expressed on human type-B synovial cells. TNF -α a nd IL-1β enhanced the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in a dose- and time - depen dent manner. Neither of these cytokines appeared to induce the expression of E - selectin. Both β2m and AGE-β2m had no direct effect on the expression of the a dhesion molecules.Conclusion: Elevated level of IL-1β and TNF-α in the synov ial tissue may up-regulate the expression of adhesion molecules on synovial cel ls and therefore promote local monocytes infiltration.

By means of the agglutination by the peanut agglutinin(PNA),a population of PNA~+ lymphocytes which bear peanut agglutinin receptors,were separated from the spleen cells of mice.The relative number,functional activity and inducibility of the PNA~+ lymphocytes were examined in the spleen cells of normal and EAC tumor-bea- ring mice.The results indicated that the PNA~+cells of mouse spleen exhibited sup- pressive effect on cellular immunity judging from an assessment of modified local xenogeneic graft versus host reaction(GvHR)in guinea pigs.The GvHR induced by PNA~+-cell-depleted spleen cells(PNA~-)from tumor-bearing mice appeared to be signi- ficantly stronger than that induced by unseparated spleen cells from the same donors. The demonstrations of cytolysis of predominant PNA~+ cells treated with anti-Thy 1 serum and abolishment of suppressive activity of the PNA~+ cells thus pretreated con- firmed the impression that the PNA~+ lymphocytes essentially belong to T cell lineage enriching in T suppressors(Ts).Using the fluorescein labelled PNA(PNA-FITC)tracing technique,it has been observed that the relative number of splenic PNA~+ cells in the tumor bearing mice increased concomitantly with the tumor progression.It was also noted that when normal spleen cells were exposed to cell-free ascitic fluid from EAC- bearing mice for appropriate incubation period,a higher percentage of PNA~+ cells was obtained after incubation,and thus induction of PNA~+cells was shown.The nature of the inducing factor(s)as well as the mechanism of induction remain to be clarified.

Objective To determine serum leptin levels and investigate its relatio nship with liver function, insulin resistance and nutritional parameters in pati ents with post-hepatitis liver cirrhosis. Methods Thirty-two ma le patients with post-hepatitis cirrhosis and fourteen male control subjects were enrolled in thi s study. Fasting blood samples were obtained, and serum leptin levels, fasting g lucose and insulin levels were determined in all subjects, and nutritional param e ters were determined in cirrhosis patients. The cirrhosis patients were divided into three groups according to Child-Pugh classification. Results Serum leptin l evels in male hepatic cirrhosis were significantly higher than those of healthy control. There was no significant difference in serum leptin levels among the th ree groups of patients with cirrhosis according to Child-Pugh classification. Se rum insulin levels in male cirrhosis were significantly higher than that of heal thy control. The insulin sensitivity index in cirrhotic patients was decreased c ompared with normal control group. Serum leptin levels in liver cirrhosis were s ignificantly correlated with BMI, TSF and fasting insulin levels, respectively ( r=0.343, 0.340 and 0.352, P

In the clinical skill evaluation,SP and the new technology OSCE for medical educational evaluation brought by SP can offer a vivid and complete exam atmosphere for the medical students,which have been widely applied by medical colleges and schools at home and abroad,with real,effective,reliable characteristics and broader development prospect. To induce the technology into TCM clinical evaluation is in accordance with the requirements of TCM educational development,which can make students better grasp clinical various basic skills within limited studying periods.

[Objective] To explore the etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis from the perspective of the theory of Fuxie, so as to more comprehensively understand the rheumatoid arthritis, broaden the thinking of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and improve the clinical efficacy. [Methods] The theory of Fuxie theory was summarized, from the aspects of interpretation, theoretical origin, modern medical knowledge and so on, combined with the regularity of the pathogenesis of the pathogen, the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis were discussed. [Results] Fuxie theory is originally derived from Huangdi Neijing, it is considered that Fuxie is divided into exogenous and endogenous Fuxie foxier, etiology of rheumatoid arthritis with hidden pathogenic objective basis, its pathogenesis with hidden pathogenic mechanism, the treatment principle and treatment method by pathogen consistentcy. [Conclusion] Understanding of rheumatoid arthritis, according to the characteristics and development of Fuxie disease transmission rules, can better grasp the nature of the disease, diagnosis and treatment of Fuxie theory of rheumatoid arthritis has important clinical significance, rheumatoid arthritis from Fuxie theory provides new ideas and methods for clinical treatment.

0.05),indicating that two groups had the similar effect on relieving pain.VAS score in both groups was markedly decreased after treatment(P0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture is effective in the treatment of lumbodorsal myofascial pain syndrome,and its effect is similar to that of local block of trigger points with lidocaine.Acupuncture has less side effect.

Objective To investigate the change in potassium channel in ventricular myocytes in vitro derived from diabetic rats and the effect of insulin and dichloroaectic acid(DCA). Methods The diabetic rat model was established by injection of streptozocin(STZ) peritoneally using male Sprague-Dawley rats with body weight 150-200 gram. Ventricular myocytes were isolated by enzymatic method and the whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record the potassiumion currents. Results The I to density of ventricular myocytes in diabetic rats was significantly decreased compared with control rats[at+60 mV, 15.90?1.19 pA/pF (n=25) vs 28.55?0.97 pA/pF (n=12), P