By means of the agglutination by the peanut agglutinin(PNA),a population of PNA~+ lymphocytes which bear peanut agglutinin receptors,were separated from the spleen cells of mice.The relative number,functional activity and inducibility of the PNA~+ lymphocytes were examined in the spleen cells of normal and EAC tumor-bea- ring mice.The results indicated that the PNA~+cells of mouse spleen exhibited sup- pressive effect on cellular immunity judging from an assessment of modified local xenogeneic graft versus host reaction(GvHR)in guinea pigs.The GvHR induced by PNA~+-cell-depleted spleen cells(PNA~-)from tumor-bearing mice appeared to be signi- ficantly stronger than that induced by unseparated spleen cells from the same donors. The demonstrations of cytolysis of predominant PNA~+ cells treated with anti-Thy 1 serum and abolishment of suppressive activity of the PNA~+ cells thus pretreated con- firmed the impression that the PNA~+ lymphocytes essentially belong to T cell lineage enriching in T suppressors(Ts).Using the fluorescein labelled PNA(PNA-FITC)tracing technique,it has been observed that the relative number of splenic PNA~+ cells in the tumor bearing mice increased concomitantly with the tumor progression.It was also noted that when normal spleen cells were exposed to cell-free ascitic fluid from EAC- bearing mice for appropriate incubation period,a higher percentage of PNA~+ cells was obtained after incubation,and thus induction of PNA~+cells was shown.The nature of the inducing factor(s)as well as the mechanism of induction remain to be clarified.

The aim of the study is to determine the characteristics of the material properties of various structures in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the mandibular bone tissues in nanoscopic scale. Using the atomic force microcopy (AFM) with the nanoindentation method, the nanomechanical properties of 6 discs, condylar cartilages and fossate cartilages in the TMJ, and 6 cortical and cancellous bones in the mandible of 3 normal adult men, were measured and analyzed. Results showed that marked differences were found in elastic properties among the different regions of the disc, articular cartilage in the TMJ. In the distribution of elastic modulus in these various structures, the elastic modulus was higher in the anterior and medial regions and lower in the middle, posterior and lateral regions. Otherwise, elastic modulus of the cortical bone in the mandible was approximately 2 times more than the cancellous bone. Elastic modulus in the buccal bone tissues of the mandible was more distinctly below one of the lingual site. The results suggested that the disc, condylar cartilage and fossate cartilage in the TMJ and the cortical and cancellous bone in the mandible were inhomogeneous with the nanolevel measurement. Different structures or various regions in the same structure were loaded by different local mechanical forces in the nanoscale.

of their consulting physicians. Patients cared for by cardiologists had shorter in-hospital delay than those cared for by other physicians in emergency room.

Objective:To explore the associations of menopause with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related metabolic disorders (including hypertension,diabetes or higher blood sugar,obesity,dyslipi-demia)in Chinese females aged 45 -59 years .Methods:Data were acquired from a national cross-sectional survey conducted in 201 3,China,which was also the second follow-up survey of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).In the study,4 702 Chinese perimenopausal women aged 45 -59 years were enrolled,including 1 769 premenopausal women and 2 933 postmenopausal women.Information was collected from questionnaires of health status and functioning and physical exa-mination.General liner models were employed to calculate age-adjusted or age-and-body-mass-index-adjusted or multiple-factor-adjusted means and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs)of cardiovas-cular risk factors (CRFs).The comparisons of CVD and its risk factors according to menopausal status, and calculation of adjusted odds ratios (ORs)and their 95%CIs for the associations of menopause with CVD and its risk factors were performed by multivariate Logistic regression models separately.Results:After adjustment for age and other confounders (including body mass index,marriage,education,current smoking,drink alcohol more than once per month),statistically significant associations of menopause with cardiovascular disease,which referred to having a history of heart disease or stroke in this study, were observed in the participants (OR =1 .34,95% CI:1 .04 -1 .74);prevalence of hypertension (OR =1 .42,95%CI:1 .1 0 -1 .84),prevalence of CRFs clustering number≥2 (OR =1 .31 ,95%CI:1 .02 -1 .68)and average waist circumference level (87.1 1 cm,95%CI:86.81 -87.42 cm in post-menopausal group vs.86.41 cm,95%CI:85.99 -86.84 cm in premenopausal group)were presented higher in postmenopausal group,compared with the premenopausal one.However,diabetes or higher blood sugar (OR =0.96,95%CI:0.60 -1 .52),dyslipidemia (OR =0.84,95%CI:0.59 -1 .20) and obesity (OR =1 .06,95%CI:0.86 -1 .32)were not shown significantly statistically related to me-nopause,after excluding effect of age and other confounders.Conclusion:Postmenopausal women in China had worse CRFs profile than the premenopausal ones,which implied menopause might aggravate the CRFs epidemic and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease beyond effects of aging,which would increase the CVD burden during and after their middle ages.

Objective A group of patients who had undergone total hip arthroplasty were followed up radiologically to explore the effects of abduction angle, the anteversion angle and the height of the femoral head center on dislocation, because these measurements could be used as a basis to evaluate current practice and to seek improvements. Methods A series of 326 hip joints (318 patients) were followed up routinely. The average follow up period was 2.7 years. 10 was found to have dislocation. The abduction angle, the anteversion angle and the height of the femoral head center were measured. The results were statistically analyzed, with a P value less than 0.05 indicating significant difference. Results The abduction angle of 55?or larger was found to be associated with greater risk of dislocation, compared with the abduction angle of less than 55?. Meanwhile, cups with the femoral head center superior placement greater than 30 mm resulted in more dislocation, compared with those less than 30 mm. As an independent variable, the anteversion angle had no significant association with dislocation. Conclusions Based on the results of the current study, the abduction angle and the height of the femoral head center should be considered as prerequisites for maintaining hip stability and decreasing the risk of dislocation. We believe that hips with the abduction angle of less than 55?and the height of the femoral head center less than 30 mm can decrease the risk of dislocation.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Infective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cross Infection ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; microbiology ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To establish a method for determination of trace bromate in flour and the products by ion chromatography.Methods Conductance-ion chromatography and Ionpac~R AS9-HC column were employed and 9.0 mmol/L sodium carbonate was used as the eluent,the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min.BrO_3~-in the samples soaked in the purified water was extracted by ultrasonic microwave,the water-soluble macromolecules were removed by ultra filtration cup in the extract,then the direct injection determination was conducted.Results The lowest detection limit was 0.01 mg/L,the quantitative detection limit was 0.03 mg/kg,the relative standard deviation was 0.6%-7.6%,the recovery rate was 97.8%-103.6%.Conclusion This method is simple,rapid,accurate,sensitive and is applicable to the determination of trace bromate in flour and the products.

Objective:To investigate the brain activation patten associated with visual sexual stimuli.Method:Thirteen healthy right-handed women were enrolled through advertisements on campus.They were scanned under functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) when they watched emotional neutral films excepts and erotic films excepts.Statistic on theses data reveals the difference of brain activation.Result:The results showed that,compared to emotional neutral films,sexual visual stimuli were associated with the activation of a set of bilateral brain areas including lateral occipital cortex,postcentral gyrus,superior parietal lobule,occipital fusiform gyrus, hippocampus,and so on.Most activated brain areas are bilateral.Only in inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis(Z=3.64,P<0.0001) and pars triangular(Z=3.42,P=0.003) there were significant right hemispheric activation.Conclusion:fMRI results indicate that inferior frontal gyrus is related to the visual sexual stimuli of women subjects,and is specified on the right hemisphere rather than left one.This sphere-special area may play an important role on sexual message processing.

Objective To investigate the expression of p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and p53 protein and relationship with clinicopatbological parameters in human gastric cancers. Methods Primary gastric carcinoma and adjacent normal mucosa were obtained from 84 consecutively enrolled patients undergoing gastric cancer resection at Peking University People's Hospital during the period from April 2001 to May 2003. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to measure the expression of PUMA and p53 proteins both in normal and malignant tissues. Results PUMA expression is significantly weaker in primary gastric carcinoma compared to adjacent normal mucosa (P <0. 01 ). Weak PUMA expression in gastric cancer correlates with depth of tumor invasion ( P < 0. 01 ), advanced pTNM stage ( P < 0. 05 ) and poor overall survival of patients ( P < 0. 05 ). p53 protein expression in gastric carcinoma is significantly higher than adjacent normal mucosa ( P < 0. 01 ). There was a significant negative correlation between the expression of PUMA protein and p53 protein in gastric carcinoma (P < 0. 05 ). Conclusion PUMA expression in gastric carcinoma is significantly lower compared to adjacent normal mucosa. Weak PUMA expression in gastric cancer correlates with depth of tumor invasion, later pTNM stage and poor overall patient survival.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of Loureirin A mediated anti-hepatic fibrosis by evaluting its effects on proliferation , secretion ofα-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), and expression of rat hepatic stellate cells in vitro . Methods Primary hepatic stellate cells were isolated and cultured from Sprague-Dawley rats. After activating and inducing primary hepatic stellate cells from qHSC to aHSC, the activated hepatic stellate cells model in vitro was established. Then we observed the morphological changes of static hepatic stellate cells and activated hepatic stellate cells with inverted phase contrast microscope. Cultured hepatic stellate cells were treated with different concentrations of loureirin A and the inhibitory rate of HSCs proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The expression of Frizzled-4 was measured by western blot analysis. The content ofα-SMA and TGF-β1 in the cultured HSCs'supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Results Loureirin A the proliferation of inhibited activated hepatic stellate cells in a time-dose-dependent manner compared with the control group,IC50=0.30 μg/μL. After loureirinA treatment of the HSCs, western blot analysis showed that Frizzled-4 expression level was obviously lower than control group. Loureirin A also inhibitedα-SMA and TGFβ1 (P<0.05) secretion in the cultured HSCs'supernatant in different degree by the assay of ELISA. Conclusions The molecular mechanism of Loureirin A and Wnt signaling pathway mediated anti-hepatic fibrosis and anti-angiogenesis may involve down-regulation the expression of Frizzled-4, inhibiting the synthesis and secretion ofα-SMA,TGF-β1and the proliferation of HSCs.