The new drug of Chinese herbal prescription, which is the best carrier for the syndrome differentiation and treatment of Chinese medicine and is the main form of the new drug research and development, plays a very important role in the new drug research and development. Although there are many sources of the prescriptions, whether it can become a new drug, the necessity, rationality and science of the prescriptions are the key to develop the new drug. In this article, aiming at the key issues in prescriptions design, the source, classification, composition design of new drug of Chinese herbal prescriptions are discussed, and provide a useful reference for research and development of new drugs.
Drug Design ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Humans

The study was performed to detect the binding proteins for advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on human joint synovial cells (HSCs). Normal human synovial cells (type A and type B cells) were isolated and cultured in vitro. Binding assay was performed with radiolabeled human serum albumin modified by AGE (AGE HSA). Specific binding was defined as total binding minus binding in the presence of excess unlabeled AGE HSA. The result showed that: specific dose dependent binding of 125 I AGE HSA to immobilized HSCs was observed with R=4.90 0.75 10 4 /cell , Kd = 1.27 0.19 10 -6 M in type A HSCs , and R= 3.48 0.32 10 5 /cell, Kd= 1.38?0.16 10 -7 M in type B HSCs. TNF ?,IL 1? and AGE HSA upregulated the expression of AGE binding proteins on HSCs. Normal HSCs express specific AGE binding proteins. TNF ?, IL 1? and AGE HSA upregulate the expression of these proteins, suggesting that joint resident cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of dialysis related amyloidosis.

Objective To evaluate the postoperative complications and visual quality after manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) versus phacoemulsification (PHACO).Methods A systematic review of MSICS and PHACO was conducted by a computer search on Medline,Pubmed,CBM and CNKI and a supplementary manual search was also done.The effect was measured as an odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference (WMD).RevMan 5.0 software was used to perform the Meta-analysis.Results A total of 9 articles were included in the Meta-analysis.Naked visual acuity at 1 week after surgery (OR =0.93,95％ CI 0.68-1.27),posterior capsular ruptured after surgery (OR =1.07,95％ CI 0.73-1.58),corneal edema after surgery (OR =0.90,95 ％ CI 0.70-1.16),surgically induced astigmatism at 1 month after surgery (WMD =0.08,95％ CI-0.02-0.17) in MSICS and PHACO was no statistically significant difference (P ＞0.05).Conclusion MSICS is safe and reliable surgery as same as PHACO for the patients with cataract,MSICS is more consistent with China' s national conditions.

Objective To investigate a method that perfect imaging could be obtained and minimal contrast media was used. Methods The 5 cases with enhanced CT images were measured at each slice, then the Hu of aim-position was obtained and the Hu-time curve was got. At last, the valid enhanced period would be found. Results According to the experience, the enhancement threshold of aorta, portal vein and hepar were set at 70 HU. The onset and ending time of enhancement threshold were found. Conclusion The dose of contrast media should be extenuatory when new type spiral CT was operated, and the correlative parameters, such as flow rate, delay time etc. should be adjusted according to the objective condition.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between continuous thrombocytopenia and sepsis in patients with severe burns.

METHODSClinical data of 148 severely burned patients admitted to our,two burn centers from January 2007 to December 2011 and conforming to the study criteria were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into sepsis group (n =44) and non-sepsis group (n = 104) according to the presence or absence of sepsis within post burn day (PBD) 30. The data of age, gender, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, fluid infusion volume within post burn hour (PBH) 24, plasma concentration of calcium ion on PBD 1, plasma concentration of albumin on PBD 1, platelet count on PBD 1, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score on admission, the presence or absence of hypovolemic shock or inhalation injury on admission, the presence or absence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) within PBH 48, operation or no operation within PBD 3, thrombocytopenia duration within PBD 10, and mortality were statistically compared between two groups to screen the independent risk factors of sepsis. Data were processed with t test, chi-square test, single factor Logistic regression analysis, and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSBetween two groups, there were statistically significant differences in total burn area, full-thickness burn area, plasma concentration of calcium ion on PBD 1, plasma concentration of albumin on PBD 1, APACHE II score on admission, presence or absence of hypovolem- ic shock on admission, presence or absence of inhalation injury on admission, presence or absence of DIC within PBH 48, and mortality (with t values from 2.433 to 4.082, χ2 values from 8. 818 to 31.528, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Furthermore, the duration of thrombocytopenia within PBD 10 in sepsis group was (5.2 ± 2.4) d, which was significantly longer than that in non-sepsis group [(2.9 ± 1.9) d, t =6. 189, P <0.01]. There were no statistically significant differences in the other indexes between two groups (with t values from 0.971 to 1. 250, χ2 values respectively 0. 054 and 1.529, P values above 0.05). Single factor and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis indicated that APACHE II score on admission and duration of thrombocytopenia within PBD 10 were closely related to occurrence of sepsis (with odds ratio respectively 1. 140 and 1.569, P values below 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSDuration of thrombocytopenia within PBD 10 is one of the risk factors for sepsis in severely burned patients, which can reflect pathophysiological changes in the body, thus providing predictive value for the occurrence of sepsis.

Aged ; Albumins ; Burn Units ; Burns ; blood ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Regression Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; blood ; etiology ; Shock ; blood ; etiology ; Thrombocytopenia

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome.Methods 10 cases with restless legs syndrome were analyzed retrospectively and the relative literature were reviewed.Results and Conclusion Patients with restless legs syndrome showed predominant paraesthesia in their lower limbs,and it appeared or became serious during resting and relieved or disappeared after active or passive movements.All patients complain of aggravated symptom in the night,which resulted in sleep disturbance.Restless legs syndrome is often misdiagnosed.The diagnosis of restless legs is based on its characteristic clinical presentation.Levodopa and dopamine receptor agonist were effective.

Background Trans-arachidonic acids (TAAs) are specific lipid markers of nitrative stress and the major products of NO2·-mediated ismoerization of aracchidonic acid(AA),and they represent a possible new mechanism of NO2·-induced toxicity in ischemic retinopathy.Our previous study demonstrated that high glucose induce nitrative stress response. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrative stress on retinal capillary in diabetic rats by detecting the TAAs with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC/MS).Methods One hundred 2-week-old clean male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and diabetic group.Diabetic rat models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozoticin of 60 mg/kg,and the successful models were identified as the blood glucose level>16.7 mmol/L.The synthesis method was modified in this study andaraehidonic acid w8$utilized as starting material.14E-AA was obtained as a standard sample via expoxidation and deoxidation in a safe and practical pattern.Serum TAAs and AA in diabetic rats were detected by GC/MS in 2,4,8,12 and 16 weeks after injection of streptozoticin.The ratio of peak area of TAAs to AA with selected ion of 79 was estimated and compared with normal rats. Results Fifty rats had been in Diabetic models were established in 50 rats with the successful rate 100%,and the high blood glucose level in model rats retained throughout the experimental duration.GC/MS results showed that the 14E-AA was obtained with the purity of 97.3%,which provided a standard sample to nitrative stress-related research as a premise. No significant differences were found in serum TAAs/AA values at 2 weeks and 4 weeks between model group and control group (t =-0. 376, t =-0. 642,P>0. 05). However,serum TAAs/AA values in at 8,12 and 16 weeks after streptozoticin injection were considerably elevated in comparison with those of control group (0. 0832 vs 0. 1042,0. 0910 vs 0. 1568, 0. 1100 vs 0. 1895;t=-36.409,t=-166.714,t=-148.212,P<0. 05). Conclusion Elevation of serum TAAs/AA is associated with diabetic duration,implying that damage of nitrative stress to retinal capillary is a parallel procedure to diabetic course.Establishment of GC/MS detection system offers a new evaluating indicator in the research on microvascular ischemic disease and could be implemented in clinical testing.

The stereoscopic orientation of the lumbar zygapophyseal joints and the stability triangle of the motion segments were studied on 56 sets of adult lumbosacral skeletons. The orientation of the lumbar zygapophyseal joints changed gradually from about sagittal plane in upper segment to about coronal in lower. The gravity center of the stability triangle of the motion segments moved backward from upper to ower progressively. Therefore, the stability of lumbar spine decreases and the mobility increases successively from upper downward.

Remaining organic and functional damage of ischemia cardio-cerebrovascular disease is always a main trouble puzzling the clinicians. After the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), researchers realize that postnatal angiogenesis is an important biological process, which play a key role to repair the ischemia tissue and improve the function. So a new concept which names therapeutic angiogenesis supply a new treament way for the ischemia cardio-cerebrovascular disease. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has accumulated rich experience on treating the ischemia disease, studies found that many Chinese medicine prescriptions and effective ingredients can increase the therapeutic angiogenesis, howerer the mechanisms were not the same, they mainly manifest in regular the secretion of angiogenic factors, increase the proliferation and differentiation etc. In this paper, we review recent studies, summary the Chinese medicine prescriptions and effective ingredients which can increase the therapeutic angiogenesis, and analyze the differernt pathway. We view to provide reference for the later researchers.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of staphylococcal protein A immunoadsorption plus nonmyeloablative chemotherapy with CD34+ autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in the treatment of refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Three patients with active SLE were enrolled into this study. All patients were diagnosed with lupus nephritis by renal biopsy and poorly responded to routine therapy. Before transplantation, patients were given 6 sessions of immunoadsorption apheresis using columns of staphylococcal protein A-silica with an interval of 3 days; each session processed 3 L plasma and a total of 18 L plasma was processed over the 6 treatments. Three days following the immunoadsorption apheresis, the mobilization of stem cells was realized by intravenous cyclophosphamide at a dose of 2 g per square meter of body surface area and subcutaneous recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) at a dose of 5 g per kilogram of body weight per day for 5 days. Then, peripheral blood raonoclonal cells were obtained by CS-3000 Cell Separator, and passed through the Clini Macs CD34+ cell selection device, with the final concentration of CD34+ cells being 2.6×106, 2.1×106 and 2.4×106 per kilogram of body weight respectively, and that of CD3+ cells being 3×105, 2.1×105, and 2.0×105 per kilogram of body weight, respectively, in these three patients. The conditioning regimen consisted of oral fludarabine of 50 mg/d for 5 days plus intravenous pig anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin (ATG) at a daily dose of 90 mg/kg for 5 days. After 72-hour treatment with ATG, the frozen stem cells were infused back to the patients. Clinical manifestations and lupus-correlated immune parameters were compared in patients at baseline and after transplantation. Results Following immunoadsorption apheresis, an obvious decrease was observed in the level of serum anti-dsDNA, antinuclear antibody and IgG antibodies, while an increase in the level of serum complement 3. All patients achieved the reconstruction of hemopoiesis 2-3 days after the transplantation. Also, an apparent clinical remission was achieved with the SLEDAI score being less than 3. Six months after the transplantation, serum anti-dsDNA and antinuclear antibodies as well as urine protein were undetectable, the level of complement 3 reached the normal range, and renal function was restored. Conclusions Staphylococcal protein A immunoadsorption plus nonmyeloablative CD34+ autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation are effective and safe for refractory SLE, but the long-term effect remains to be connfirmed by further studies.