Animals ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; complications ; Hypothermia ; complications ; Hypoxia ; etiology ; therapy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; complications ; Shock, Septic ; complications

Glucocorticoids ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; drug therapy ; immunology ; metabolism ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; drug therapy ; immunology ; metabolism

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; International Cooperation ; Pediatrics ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; standards ; Sepsis ; diagnosis ; physiopathology

0.05),and all were improved after operations (P

Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Sepsis ; complications ; physiopathology ; Shock, Septic ; complications ; physiopathology

Background Trans-arachidonic acids (TAAs) are specific lipid markers of nitrative stress and the major products of NO2·-mediated ismoerization of aracchidonic acid(AA),and they represent a possible new mechanism of NO2·-induced toxicity in ischemic retinopathy.Our previous study demonstrated that high glucose induce nitrative stress response. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrative stress on retinal capillary in diabetic rats by detecting the TAAs with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC/MS).Methods One hundred 2-week-old clean male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and diabetic group.Diabetic rat models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozoticin of 60 mg/kg,and the successful models were identified as the blood glucose level>16.7 mmol/L.The synthesis method was modified in this study andaraehidonic acid w8$utilized as starting material.14E-AA was obtained as a standard sample via expoxidation and deoxidation in a safe and practical pattern.Serum TAAs and AA in diabetic rats were detected by GC/MS in 2,4,8,12 and 16 weeks after injection of streptozoticin.The ratio of peak area of TAAs to AA with selected ion of 79 was estimated and compared with normal rats. Results Fifty rats had been in Diabetic models were established in 50 rats with the successful rate 100%,and the high blood glucose level in model rats retained throughout the experimental duration.GC/MS results showed that the 14E-AA was obtained with the purity of 97.3%,which provided a standard sample to nitrative stress-related research as a premise. No significant differences were found in serum TAAs/AA values at 2 weeks and 4 weeks between model group and control group (t =-0. 376, t =-0. 642,P>0. 05). However,serum TAAs/AA values in at 8,12 and 16 weeks after streptozoticin injection were considerably elevated in comparison with those of control group (0. 0832 vs 0. 1042,0. 0910 vs 0. 1568, 0. 1100 vs 0. 1895;t=-36.409,t=-166.714,t=-148.212,P<0. 05). Conclusion Elevation of serum TAAs/AA is associated with diabetic duration,implying that damage of nitrative stress to retinal capillary is a parallel procedure to diabetic course.Establishment of GC/MS detection system offers a new evaluating indicator in the research on microvascular ischemic disease and could be implemented in clinical testing.

Objectives To systematically evaluate the effect of music given to pregnant rats on the development of brain functions in the offspring rats and to provide scientific evidence for the application of antenatal musical training and the promotion of welfare for laboratory animals.Methods We comprehensively retrieved and collected the research literatures related to the effect of music on brain function development in offsprings of the pregnant rats from Pubmed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Wanfang,Weipu,CNKI and CBMdisc.The retrieval time was set from the foundation date of databases to 2 April,2016.We selected literatures according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,evaluated their utilities,then extracted and qualitatively described the data.Results Seven experimental studies were selected in this study including 4 published in Chinese and 3 in English.The object laboratory animals of those studies were Wistar or SD rats.Music materials involved comfort music,classic music,violin concerto(Liangzhu/The butterfly lovers).Intervention were given to the pregnant rats roundly from the gestation until parturition.These results showed that,to some extent,music stimulations during gestation may promote the development of brain function and improve spatial memory of the offspring rats.However,expressions of some functional receptors were not significantly altered.Conclusions Appropriate music provided to the pregnant rats promote the development of brain functions in their offspring.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a clinical imaging syndrome associated with multiple pathogenic factors.The main clinical manifestations were headache,seizures,psychotic symptoms,visual disturbance,disturbance of consciousness,etc.The parieto-occipital reversible white matter lesions are the main manifestations of the imaging.If this disease can be diagnosed and treated in time,the clinical symptoms and imaging changes of most patients can be disappeared.If the diagnosis and treatment cannot be obtained in time,it may happen some irreversible damage,serious and even life-threatening,so it is very important to strengthen the understanding,diagnosis and treatment of this disease.At present,the pathogenesis of the disease is still not clear,now reviewed its pathogenesis and imaging manifestation in order to strengthen the clinician's understanding of the disease's pathophysiological mechanism and improve the level of diagnosis.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of combined detection of serum calcium ion (Ca2+ ) ,C‐reaction protein (CRP) ,uric acid(UA) ,homocysteine(Hcy) and complement C3 ,C4 in hypertension disorders complicating pregnancy(HDCP) . Methods Patients with HDCP were enrolled as HDCP group ,and pregnant women without HDCP were enrolled as control group . Serum parameters ,mentioned above ,were detected and compared between the two groups .Diagnostic performance of the parameters was also analyzed .Results Serum levels of Ca2+ ,CRP ,UA ,Hcy and complement C3 ,C4 in HDCP group were significantly differ‐ent from those in control group(P<0 .05) .Sensitivity ,coincidence rate and correct diagnosis rate of combined detection of these six parameters were higher than single detection(P<0 .05) ,but the specificity was without significant difference(P>0 .05) .Serum lev‐els of CRP ,UA and Hcy increased with the progress of HDCP disease condition ,but serum levels of Ca2+ ,C3 and C4 decreased .Be‐tween different sub‐group of HDCP patients ,serum levels of the six parameters were with significant differences(P<0 .05) .Conclu‐sion Early combined detection of serum Ca2+ ,CRP ,UA ,Hcy and complement C3 ,C4 could be with significance for the early diag‐nosis and treatment of HDCP ,and also for the condition assessment of HDCP .

Objective To understand awareness of basic knowledge on control and prevention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among general practitioner in community health service centers. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among 593 general practitioners at 15 community health service centers in a district of Shanghai in the morning of February 26, 2008. Results Five hundred and forty-two of 593 ( 91.4% ) general practitioners surveyed knew that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be abbreviated as COPD, and 315 of them (53.1%) thought they knew the main contents of the "Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease". No pulmonary function instrument was equipped at all 15 community health service centers surveyed, and 501 of 593 ( 84.5% ) general practitioners knew spirometry is gold standard for diagnosis of COPD. Only 115 ( 19.4% ) general practitioners knew that COPD can be categorized as acute exacerbation and stable stage. One hundred and sixty-three of them (27.5%) knew that drug therapy should be maintained in COPD patients for long term following effective treatment, 328 (55.3%) recognized that treatment for COPD patients was still needed in their stable stage, and 312 (52.6%) believed that antibiotics may not be necessary and 465 (78.4%) thought that inhalation therapy was the choice of treatment for acute exacerbation of COPD. Two hundred and thirty-five of them (39.6%) knew that oxygen inhalation should be more than 15 hours per day in regular family therapy. The investigation showed that 365 (61.6%) general practitioners had participated in training for COPD-related knowledge, only one or two times a year. Awareness of COPD knowledge was significantly poorer in rural practitioners than that in urban community ones. Conclusions Basic knowledge of prevention and treatment for COPD was seriously lack in general practitioners, so it is a necessity to strengthen training for them.