Animals ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; complications ; Hypothermia ; complications ; Hypoxia ; etiology ; therapy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; complications ; Shock, Septic ; complications

Glucocorticoids ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; drug therapy ; immunology ; metabolism ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; drug therapy ; immunology ; metabolism

Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Sepsis ; complications ; physiopathology ; Shock, Septic ; complications ; physiopathology

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; International Cooperation ; Pediatrics ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; standards ; Sepsis ; diagnosis ; physiopathology

0.05),and all were improved after operations (P

Background Trans-arachidonic acids (TAAs) are specific lipid markers of nitrative stress and the major products of NO2·-mediated ismoerization of aracchidonic acid(AA),and they represent a possible new mechanism of NO2·-induced toxicity in ischemic retinopathy.Our previous study demonstrated that high glucose induce nitrative stress response. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrative stress on retinal capillary in diabetic rats by detecting the TAAs with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC/MS).Methods One hundred 2-week-old clean male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and diabetic group.Diabetic rat models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozoticin of 60 mg/kg,and the successful models were identified as the blood glucose level>16.7 mmol/L.The synthesis method was modified in this study andaraehidonic acid w8$utilized as starting material.14E-AA was obtained as a standard sample via expoxidation and deoxidation in a safe and practical pattern.Serum TAAs and AA in diabetic rats were detected by GC/MS in 2,4,8,12 and 16 weeks after injection of streptozoticin.The ratio of peak area of TAAs to AA with selected ion of 79 was estimated and compared with normal rats. Results Fifty rats had been in Diabetic models were established in 50 rats with the successful rate 100%,and the high blood glucose level in model rats retained throughout the experimental duration.GC/MS results showed that the 14E-AA was obtained with the purity of 97.3%,which provided a standard sample to nitrative stress-related research as a premise. No significant differences were found in serum TAAs/AA values at 2 weeks and 4 weeks between model group and control group (t =-0. 376, t =-0. 642,P>0. 05). However,serum TAAs/AA values in at 8,12 and 16 weeks after streptozoticin injection were considerably elevated in comparison with those of control group (0. 0832 vs 0. 1042,0. 0910 vs 0. 1568, 0. 1100 vs 0. 1895;t=-36.409,t=-166.714,t=-148.212,P<0. 05). Conclusion Elevation of serum TAAs/AA is associated with diabetic duration,implying that damage of nitrative stress to retinal capillary is a parallel procedure to diabetic course.Establishment of GC/MS detection system offers a new evaluating indicator in the research on microvascular ischemic disease and could be implemented in clinical testing.

Objective To investigate the effect of low-dose hydrocortisone(HC)on hippocampus nuclear factor kappa B((NF-?B)),I?B expression in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced septic rats and the role of NF-?B signal transcription pathway in pathogenesis.Methods Fifty-four rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group(A group,n=6),model group(B group,n=24),low-dose HC treatment group(C group,n=24).The septic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection LPS(1 mg/kg),as the intervention by caudal vein injection low-dose HC(6 mg/kg),each of B and C group was subdivied into 2,8,16,24 hours respectively after LPS injection(n=6).At serial time points,the animals in each group were sacrificed,brain tissue samples were harvested to determine NF-?B,I?B expression by immunhistochemistry in hippocampus.Results In B group: NF-?B expression was up regulated compared with A group(P

Objective To observe the change of gastric mucosal-arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide gap [p(g-a)(CO2)] in septic shock rabbit.Methods Sixteen anesthetized and mechanically ventilated rabbit were randomly assigned to 2 groups:shock group(n=8) and control group(n=8).The rabbit in shock group were challenged with intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli.The rabbit in control group were intravenous injection of normal saline solution.Mean arterial pressure(MAP) and heart rate were continuously recorded by multichannel physiologic recorder.Cardiac index(CI) and superior mesenteric blood flow index(SMBFI) were continuously monitored by doppler flowmeter.Gastric mucosal partial pressure of carbon dioxide [pg(CO2)] was evaluated by gas tonometry every 10 min.Arterial and venous blood gas analysis,hemoglobin,and lactate levels were measured every 1 hour.Results The parameters remained stable in control group,but the parameters changed significantly in shock group.Compared with baseline levels,2 hours after Lipopolysaccharides infusion in shock group,MAP decreased from(78?5) mmHg to(50?2) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)(F=145.3 P

Objective To induce the experimental corneal neovascularization(CRNV) by alkali burn,and explore the methods for quantitative analysis of CRNV and observation of permeability of CRNV. Methods Thirty-six C57BL/6 mice were selected and divided into experiment group(n=30) and control group(n=6).For the experiment group,alkali burn was induced by application of filter paper with 1mol/L sodium hydroxide to the cornea for 5 s.For the control group,no intervention was conducted.Areas of CRNV were measured on day 4,7,10 and 14 after alkali burn.Histological examinations of cornea were performed with HE staining on day 3, 7,10,16 and 28 after alkali burn.On day 10,endothelial cell marker CD31 was used with immunohistochemical staining for CRNV counting,and fluorescence angiography(FA) was employed to reveal the permeability of CRNV.Corneal ulceration and hyphema were observed everyday.Results CRNV developed after alkali burn,and extincted afterwards.Axenic coneal ulceration and hyphema were frequently observed,with the incidences of 6.7% and 10.0%,respectively.Histologic changes of corneal tissues at different time points could be observed with HE staining.On day 10, CRNV could be labeled and counted with immunohistochemical staining for CD31 antibody,and the permeability of CRNV could be detected by FA. ConclusionCRNV counting with immunohistochemical staining for CD31 antibody and measurement of area of CRNV are appropriate methods for quantitative analysis of CRNV.FA is an effective method in the detection of permeability of CRNV.

Objective:To establish a highly sensitive, rapid and selective liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the determination of metoprolol in rat plasma.Methods:A simplified liquid-liquid extraction with acetidin was employed for the sample preparation. The separation was carried out on a Thermo ODS-C_(18)(5 μm,100 mm×2.1 mm).The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-methanol-water(20∶20∶60). Propranolol was used as the internal standard. The detection was performed on a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry by selected ion monitoring(SIM) scan mode electrospray ionization(ESI).Results and Conclusion:The range of calibration curve was 0.1-50 ng/ml and the limit of quantification was 0.1 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-day precision RSD was less than 15%.This method is sensitive, simple,rapid and suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of metoprolol.