Hypertensive retinopathy (HR) often coexist with carotid lesions in hypertensive patients.Carotid lesions are closely associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,as well as end events,offering early important evidence to screening high risk patients.HR has significant value to predict target organ damage (TOD) of hypertension including carotid lesion.In addition,hypertensive retinopathy and carotid lesions-related ischemic ocular diseases will cause serious vision function damage.This article is going to summarize the value and correlation between hypertensive retinopathy and carotid lesions in terms of clinical manifestations,pathological physiological mechanism and target organ damage.

Objective The change in four parameter of platelets and hemorbeolgy.Methods from 50 ST-segment el- evation acute myocardial infaction(STEMI)patients 50 unstable angina pectoris(UA)patients and 50 normal control (NC)were studied.Results The platelets quantities(PLT)in STEMI Patients and UA patients was lower than in NC(P

In many pathogens infection,especially virus,antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE) can aggravate the infection and lead to severe diseases.In this immunopathological phenomenon,virus-specific antibodies enhance the entry of virus into monocytes,macrophages and granulocytic cells and even the replication of virus through different mechanism.This phenomenon has been reported in numerous pathogens including virus,bacteria and parasite and the mechanisms of ADE vary from different species.Further study of ADE can promote the vaccine research and development to make the most use of vaccine and prevent human body from pathogens,which will be helpful to control the spread of pathogens including Zika virus.In the present review,we review the research progress of ADE mechanism in recent years,including antibodies mediating,receptors mediating,complement mediating,viral proteins mediating and cellular mediating ADE.In addition,dengue virus,human immunodeficiency virus,Coxsackie virus,Ebola virus,Zika virus and other pathogens will be illustrated respectively.This review provides insights on the different mechanism of ADE in different pathogens.

Objective To explore microbic distribution feature of acute rhinitis pafienta' nasal cavity and dependabihty research of respiratory infection.Methods 436 acute rhinitis pafienta were randomly divided tO infection group(314)and non-infection group(122)depended on whether accompanying respiratory infection.Take blenna narium and carry out nasal cavity microbiological detection,meanwhile take blood and mesasure the content of serum IL-4 and IFN-γ.Results The staphylococcus aureus taked the most proportion(58.6%and 3 1.2%)of nasal cavity bacterial distribution in infection group and non-infection group,the following bacterium were the staphylococcus epidermidis(44.9%and 46.7%),bacillus meningitidis purulentae(7.9%and 4.9%)and bacillus coli(3.5%and 1.6%),the major eumycete were the peptostreptococcus asaeeharolyticus(1.9%and 1.6%),eubacterium lentum (1.6%and 0)and eubacterium mucus(0.9%and 0.8%),the major virus were the syncytial virus,the rhinoviru8es,adenodrus,influenza virus,parainfluenze virus and coronaviruses.The respiratory tract infection patients' content of serum IL-4 Were significant higher(P＜0.05)than the non-infection group,but the content ofIFN-γ were signifieanfly reduced(P＜0.05).Conclusion The staphylococcus aureus,syncytial virus,rhinoviruses,adenovirus and influenza virus have the close relation with the infection of the respiratory tract,which can cause the disorder of organism immune function.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of perforator flap eyelid reconstruction surgery for eyelid repair and reconstruction in patients with eyelid tumors after surgery.Methods Totally 80 patients(80 eyes)who re-ceived eyelid tumor surgery and planned to undergo the perforator flap eyelid reconstruction surgery in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2022 were included.All of them have early-stage and mid-stage eyelid tumors with no orbital or systemic metastasis.A perforator flap eyelid reconstruction surgery was conducted to treat the eyelid defects.The differ-ence in height and length of the palpebral fissure,aesthetic function scores and levels of depression and anxiety of patients before and after repair were compared;the clinical efficacy,adverse reactions and prognosis of patients were evaluated.Results Among the 80 eyes,there were 35 eyes with significant effect,35 eyes with effective impact,and 10 eyes with no effect,with a total effective rate of 87.5％.The height and length of palpebral fissure of patients after repair were(1.49±0.47)mm and(1.43±0.55)mm,respectively,which were significantly lower than those before repair[(2.55± 0.35)mm and(2.38±0.49)mm](both P＜0.01).The aesthetic function score before repair was 0.91±0.23,and that after repair was 1.87±0.19,with a significant difference(P＜0.01).The scores of the Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale after repair were 40.14±6.54 and 39.45±7.65,respectively,which were significantly lower than those before repair(59.56±8.23 and 57.93±8.19)(both P＜0.01).Among the 80 patients,the total incidence of compli-cations was 27.5％(22/80).All patients were followed up for 6-36 months,with an average follow-up time of(12.39± 6.17)months.No tumor recurrence was found during the follow-up.All composite flaps survived without infection,necro-sis or displacement.Conclusion The perforator flap eyelid reconstruction surgery has a good and safe therapeutic effect on repairing full-layer eyelid defects in patients who underwent eyelid tumor surgery.

Objective:To explore the surgical method and clinical effect of bionic double eyelid operation with "8" suture and anchoring.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the received double eyelid operation with "8" -shaped suture and anchor in the Department of Plastic Surgery People’s Hospital of Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province (Jinhua Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University) during November 2016 to October 2020. The upper eyelid layer is dissected, the normal double eyelid structure of oriental is simulate. Using "8" -shaped suture anchorage technique, through horizontal mattress "8" -shaped suture, the orbital septum-upper eyelid levator aponeurosis complex (A) and the orbicularis oculi muscle (M) of the lower lip of the incision were relocated and healed on the tarsal plate (including pretarsal fascia) (T) the dynamic structure of the oriental double eyelid was reconstructed. In follow up, the upper eyelid flatness, the upper eyesight extent, the distance between the eye and eyebrow, the forced sensation of opening the eyes, bilateral eyes’ symmetry, the curve and the stability of the double eyelid, the eyelash curl, incisional scar and complications were recorded and evaluated.Results:A total of 103 patients, 5 males and 98 females, with a mean age of 29.5 years (17-65 years), were included. After the postoperative follow-up of 6 to 24 months, the upper eyelid was smooth, plump and moderate, the upper vision increased, the distance between the eyebrow and eyes was relatively shorter than the preoperative, the eyes openings were widened, the two sides were basically symmetrical, the double eyelid line was natural and smooth, the crease was stable, the eyelashes were slightly curled, the incision scar was not obvious. complications, such as infection and ptosis did occur.Conclusion:The "8" -shaped suture anchoring bionic double eyelid operation introduces the concept of "breaking" then "building", the upper eyelid can be dissected clearly, the reduction is accurate, the fixation is accurate, and the mechanical structure is stable. Postopertively, the shape of the upper eyelid was natural and stable.

Objective:To explore the surgical method and clinical effect of bionic double eyelid operation with "8" suture and anchoring.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the received double eyelid operation with "8" -shaped suture and anchor in the Department of Plastic Surgery People’s Hospital of Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province (Jinhua Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University) during November 2016 to October 2020. The upper eyelid layer is dissected, the normal double eyelid structure of oriental is simulate. Using "8" -shaped suture anchorage technique, through horizontal mattress "8" -shaped suture, the orbital septum-upper eyelid levator aponeurosis complex (A) and the orbicularis oculi muscle (M) of the lower lip of the incision were relocated and healed on the tarsal plate (including pretarsal fascia) (T) the dynamic structure of the oriental double eyelid was reconstructed. In follow up, the upper eyelid flatness, the upper eyesight extent, the distance between the eye and eyebrow, the forced sensation of opening the eyes, bilateral eyes’ symmetry, the curve and the stability of the double eyelid, the eyelash curl, incisional scar and complications were recorded and evaluated.Results:A total of 103 patients, 5 males and 98 females, with a mean age of 29.5 years (17-65 years), were included. After the postoperative follow-up of 6 to 24 months, the upper eyelid was smooth, plump and moderate, the upper vision increased, the distance between the eyebrow and eyes was relatively shorter than the preoperative, the eyes openings were widened, the two sides were basically symmetrical, the double eyelid line was natural and smooth, the crease was stable, the eyelashes were slightly curled, the incision scar was not obvious. complications, such as infection and ptosis did occur.Conclusion:The "8" -shaped suture anchoring bionic double eyelid operation introduces the concept of "breaking" then "building", the upper eyelid can be dissected clearly, the reduction is accurate, the fixation is accurate, and the mechanical structure is stable. Postopertively, the shape of the upper eyelid was natural and stable.

Objective To investigate the effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)induced by high-fat diet(HFD)on the kidneys of mice and the protective effect and mechanism of Xiayuxue Decoction.Methods A total of 25 healthy controls and 25 NAFLD patients who attended Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2020 to September 2021 were enrolled,and the levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Cr),and uric acid(UA)were measured.A total of 24 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into low-fat diet(LFD)group,HFD group,and HFD+Xiayuxue Decoction group(XYXD group),with 8 mice in each group,and since week 13,XYXD was administered by gavage once a day for 6 weeks till the end of week 18.The level of TC,TG,BUN,and Cr were measured for each group.HE staining and oil red staining were used to observe the pathological changes of the liver and the kidneys;immunohistochemical double staining was used to measure the expression levels of CD68 and alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA);quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1(SREBP1),fatty acid synthase(FASN),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),Desmin,and α-SMA in renal tissue;Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of SREBP1 and TNF-α.A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups,and the least significant difference t-test was used for pairwise comparison;the independent-samples t-test was used for comparison between two groups.Results Compared with the healthy controls,NAFLD patients showed significant increases in the levels of TC,TG,BUN,Cr,and UA(all P<0.05).Compared with the LFD group,the HFD group had significant increases in body weight,TC,TG,BUN,and Cr(all P<0.001),and compared with the HFD group,the XYXD group showed significant inhibition of the expression of TC,TG,BUN,and Cr(all P<0.001).Liver pathological examination showed that compared with the LFD group,the HFD group showed significant increases in hepatic steatosis and inflammatory infiltration,while the XYXD group showed significant alleviation of lesions.Renal pathological examination showed that compared with the LFD group,the HFD group had significant inflammatory infiltration,steatosis,and collagen formation in renal tissue,and compared with the HFD group,XYXD significantly alleviated inflammatory infiltration and inhibited steatosis and collagen formation.Quantitative real-time PCR showed that compared with the LFD group,the HFD group had significant increases in the relative mRNA expression levels of SREBP1,FASN,IL-6,TNF-α,Desmin,and α-SMA in renal tissue(all P<0.001),and compared with the HFD group,the XYXD group had significant reductions in the relative expression levels of these indicators(all P<0.001).Western blot showed that compared with the LFD group,the HFD group had significant increases in the protein expression levels of SREBP1 and TNF-α(P<0.05),and compared with the HFD group,the XYXD group had significant reductions in the protein expression levels of SREBP1 and TNF-α(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical staining showed that compared with the LFD group,the HFD group had significant increases in the positive staining or the double positive staining of α-SMA and CD68(P<0.05),and compared with the HFD group,the XYXD group showed significant reductions(P<0.05).Conclusion HFD can induce renal steatosis,inflammatory infiltration,and collagen formation,and XYXD might exert a protective effect on the kidneys by inhibiting the expression of macrophages and myofibroblasts in renal tissue.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role and mechanism of podoplanin （PDPN） in hepatic stellate cell （HSC） activation and liver fibrosis. MethodsLiver biopsy samples were collected from 75 patients with chronic hepatitis B who attended Department of Infectious Diseases， Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， for the first time from September 2019 to June 2022， and RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the expression of PDPN in liver tissue of patients in different stages of liver fibrosis. A total of 12 male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into control group and model group. The mice in the model group were given intraperitoneal injection of 10% CCl₄， and those in the control group were injected with an equal volume of olive oil， for 6 weeks. HE staining and Sirius Red staining were used to observe liver histopathological changes； primary mouse liver cells were separated to measure the mRNA expression of PDPN in various types of cells； primary mouse HSCs were treated with PDPN protein， followed by treatment with the NF-‍κB inhibitor BAY11-708， to measure the expression of inflammatory factors in HSCs induced by PDPN. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups； a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. The Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate data correlation. ResultsAs for the liver biopsy samples， there was a relatively low mRNA expression level of PDPN in normal liver， and there was a significant increase in the mRNA expression level of PDPN in liver tissue of stage S3 or S4 fibrosis （all P<0.001）. Immunohistochemical staining showed that PDPN was mainly expressed in the fibrous septum and the hepatic sinusoid， and the PDPN-positive area in S4 liver tissue was significantly higher than that in S0 liver tissue （t=8.892， P=0.001）. In normal mice， PDPN was mainly expressed in the hepatic sinusoid， and there was a significant increase in the expression of PDPN in CCl₄ model mice （t=0.95， P<0.001）， mainly in the fibrous septum. RT-PCR showed a significant increase in the mRNA expression of PDPN in the CCl₄ model mice （t=11.25， P=0.002）. Compared with hepatocytes， HSCs， Kupffer cells， and bile duct endothelial cells， hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells showed a significantly high expression level of PDPN （F=20.56， P<0.001）. Compared with the control group， the primary mouse HSCs treated by PDPN protein for 15 minutes showed significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of the inflammation-related factors TNFα， CCL3， CXCL1， and CXCR1 （all P<0.05）， and there were significant reductions in the levels of these indicators after treatment with BAY11-7082 （all P<0.05）. ConclusionThere is an increase in the expression of PDPN mainly in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells during liver fibrosis， and PDPN regulates HSC activation and promotes the progression of liver fibrosis via the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Activation of the heart normally begins in the sinoatrial node (SAN). Electrical impulses spontaneously released by SAN pacemaker cells (SANPCs) trigger the contraction of the heart. However, the cellular nature of SANPCs remains controversial. Here, we report that SANPCs exhibit glutamatergic neuron-like properties. By comparing the single-cell transcriptome of SANPCs with that of cells from primary visual cortex in mouse, we found that SANPCs co-clustered with cortical neurons. Tissue and cellular imaging confirmed that SANPCs contained key elements of glutamatergic neurotransmitter system, expressing genes encoding glutamate synthesis pathway (Gls), ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (Grina, Gria3, Grm1 and Grm5), and glutamate transporters (Slc17a7). SANPCs highly expressed cell markers of glutamatergic neurons (Snap25 and Slc17a7), whereas Gad1, a marker of GABAergic neurons, was negative. Functional studies revealed that inhibition of glutamate receptors or transporters reduced spontaneous pacing frequency of isolated SAN tissues and spontaneous Ca