AIM:To study effects of resveratrol on osteoprotegerin(OPG)and receptor activator of NF-?B ligand(RANKL)expression in femur of ovariectomized rats.METHODS:48 female SD rats(3 months old)were assigned into 6 groups randomly:sham-operated group(SHAM);ovariectomized group(OVX);17?-estradiol replacement therapy group(ERT,0.1 mg?kg-1?d-1,sc);high-dose resveratrol-treate group(RH,40 mg?kg-1?d-1,i.p.);middle-dose resveratrol-treated group(RM,20 mg?kg-1?d-1,i.p.);low-dose resveratrol-treated group(RL,10 mg?kg-1?d-1,i.p.).Except for SHAM group,rats in other groups were operated by bilateral ovariectomy.Administration started at the 8th day after operation and lasted 8 weeks.At the end of the 9th week after operation,all rats were sacrificed.The bone mineral density(BMD)and vitodynamics properties(including ELASTIC,M-STRESS,M-LORD and STIFFNESS)of femurs were measured.The expression of OPG and RANKL in femurs of rats were observed by immunohistochemical staining methods.RESULTS:Compared with OVX group,resveratrol treatment(40 mg?kg-1?d-1 and 20 mg?kg-1?d-1)increased expression of OPG in femurs while decreased expression of RANKL in ovariectmized rats.In RH,RM,and ERT group,BMD,ELASTIC,M-STRESS of femurs were higher than those of OVX group.CONCLUSION:Resveratrol increased expression of OPG in femur while decreased expression of RANKL in ovariectmized rats,which was probably one of mechanism that resveratrol improve osteoporosis.

AIM: To observe the effects of folic acid (FA) on antioxidant enzyme, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.METHODS: Forty three-month-old female SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:sham group, OVX group, diethylstilbestrol group (0.03 mg· kg-1· d-1), low-dose FA group (5 mg· kg-1· d-1) and high-dose FA group (20 mg· kg-1· d-1).Gastric gavage started 1 week after operation and lasted for 10 weeks.The rats in sham group and OVX group were given distilled water instead of FA as controls.At the end of the 10th week, the L5 vertebra and right femur were removed for determination of bone mineral density (BMD).The bone homogenates were made using the L3 and L4 vertebrae.The levels of the total antioxidant capacity ( TAC) , glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px) , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , NOS and NO were detected in plasma and bone homogenates.RE-SULTS:Compared with sham group, the BMD levels in L5 vertebra and right femur and the levels of GSH-Px and NO in the plasma were all decreased.The levels of TAC, GSH-Px, NOS and NO in the bone homogenates were also decreased, while the MDA concentration was increased in OVX group (all P<0.01).Compared with OVX group, the levels of TAC, GSH-Px, NOS, NO and BMD of the L5 vertebra and right femur were all increased, while the MDA concentration was de-creased in high-dose FA group (all P<0.01).CONCLUSION:In female SD rats, ovariectomy leads to a significant re-duction of antioxidant enzyme, NOS and NO levels.Oxidative stress is possibly involved in the development of osteoporo-sis.Protection against osteoporosis by high-dose FA may be linked to improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity, the levels of NOS and NO as well as a reduction of oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of folic acid(FA) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized(OVX) rats.Methods Forty three-month-old female SD Rats were divided into 5 groups, sham operation group, OVX group, diethylstilbestrol group(0.03mg·kg-1·d-1),low dose FA Group (5 mg·kg-1·d-1),and high dose FA group (20 mg·kg-1·d-1).Gastric gavage in each group was started from one week after being ovariectomized and lasted 10 weeks. Sham operation group and OVX group were treated with solvent. The rats were sacrificed at the end of 10th week after treatment. The total homocysteine(tHcy) in plasma, alkaline phosphatase(ALP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRACP) activity of bone homogenates were measured. The bone mineral density(BMD) and bone biomechanics were determined using L5 vertebrae and right femur. The bone tissue slices were made with L6 vertebrae and left femur and HE stained, and then the histomorphology was observed. Results Compared with sham operation group, plasma tHcy level was significantly increased(P＜0.01), BMD of lumbar vertebrae and femur was remarkedly decreased in OVX group(all P＜0.01). Plasma tHcy concentration was negatively correlated with lumbar BMD(r=-0.359, P=0.040). Plasma tHcy level in both groups treated with folic acid was significantly reduced(all P＜0.01). The ALP concentration in bone homogenates was higher, the TRACP concentration in bone homogenates was lower, and BMD and bone biomechanics of lumbar vertebrae and femur were increased in high dose FA group than those in OVX group(all P ＜0.01). Conclusions In OVX rats hyperhomocysteinemia existed and was involved in the development of osteoporosis. Folic acid could protect OVX rats from osteoporosis, due probably to improved homocysteine metabolism.

d, suggesting that the mutation rate of SDHB gene in sporadic Chinese patients with pheochromocytoma might be around 3%.

Objective To study serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and its correlation with accumulation degree of 99Tcm-MDP on bone and arthritis and to study the role of sICAM-1 in the diagnosis of patients with early RA. Methods Serum levels of sICAM-1 were measured by immunoenzymetic assay (ELISA). 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy was carried out for the same patients. The significant test between serum levels of sICAM-1 of three groups was performed with analysis of variance; Correlations between serum levels of sICAM-1 and index of semiquatitive 99Tcm-MDP were obtained using sperman's ranks correlation method. Results Compared with control group,serum levels of sICAM-1 were significantly higher in standard group (group A) (P<0.01) and non-standard group (group B) (P<0.05). No significant difference was found between group A and B(P>0.05). Serum levels of sICAM-1 were positively correlated with 99Tcm-MDP scintigraphy. Most patients of non-standard group and standard group showed visible medium-high uptake of 99Tcm-MDP. While control group had not obviously uptake of 99Tcm-MDP. Conclusion Serum levels of sICAM-1, semiquatitive 99Tcm-MDP scintigraphy, accumulation degree of radiopharmuceuutial on bone and arthritis are helpful for diagnosis of early rheumatoid arthritis and judge-ment of the clinical status and improvement of the prognosis.

Objective To compare simulated training of "45° tilting insertion" and the "dynamic scan" needling under B ultrasound.Methods Fifty volunteer residents and visiting physicians worked in the anesthesiology department in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were recruited to attend the simulated needling training.The insertion time,insertion attempts until success,numbers of success while advancing the needle and numbers of needle tip visible upon success were re corded.The degree of difficulty and safety of the techniques,the confidence of performing the techniques,the clinical usefulness of the techniques and the training effect were evaluated among the volunteers.Results There were no differences in the insertion time,numbers of successful insertion while advancing the needle and numbers of needle tip visible upon success between the two techniques.Compared with "45° tilting insertion" technique,"dynamic scan" resulted in less needle redirection times and a higher first-attempt successful rate,and got higher scores in terms of difficulty and safety (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The confidence scores of performing the two technique were similar.20 (40％) volunteers chose to use "dynamic scan",8 (16％) chose to use "45° tilting insertion" and 22 (440％) chose to use both technique in their clinical work.100％ of them considered the training was greatly helpful or helpful.Conclusion The technique of "dynamic scan" produced a higher first-attempt successful rate and was easier and safer than "45° angle insertion".The combination of the two techniques might be a new technique that is worth trying.

Objective To test the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus from children with impetigo,and to assess the differences in randomly amplified polymorphic DNA profiles between sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains.Methods Secretion specimens were obtained from the impetiginous lesions of 178 children,and subjected to bacterial culture.The susceptibility of 162 Staphylococcus aureus isolates against 21 antibiotics was tested.Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR(RAPD-PCR)was performed to characterize the genotype of Staphylococcus aureus.Results Totally,180 bacterial strains were isolated from 178 children with impetigo in Chengdu,including 162(90.00％)Staphylococcus aureus strains.Of the 162 Staphylococcus aureus strains,148 were methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA),14 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).The most active antibiotic was minocycline,followed by teicoplanin,quinupristin,vancomycin and nitrofurantoin,while the resistance rate to penicillin was highest,followed by that to erythromycin,clindamycin,compound sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline.All the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were sensitive to fusidic acid,nitrofurantoin,vancomycin,minocycline and teicoplanin.According to RAPD-PCR,the 162 Staphylococcus aureus strains were divided into 8 genotypes,with the three most prevalent genotypes being Ⅲ(31.48％),Ⅱ(26.54％)and Ⅵ(25.93％),which accounted for 65.43％(106/162)in all the strains.The 148 MSSA strains fell into 8 genotypes,with genotype Ⅲ(50 strains,33.78％),Ⅵ(39 strains,26.35％)and Ⅱ(33 strains,22.30％)being the most prevalent genotypes;the 14 MRSA strains fell into 3 genotypes,i.e.,genotype Ⅱ(10 strains,71.43％),Ⅵ(3 strains,21.43％),and Ⅲ(1 strain,7.14％).Conclusions Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent pathogenic bacteria in children with impetigo in Chengdu area,which is highly sensitive to minocycline,teicoplanin and quinupristin,and falls into 8 genotypes according to RAPD-PCR with genotype Ⅲ being the most common genotype.

Objective To investigate the role of KAT7 in cartilage cell and tissue ageing by establishing an over-replicating-induced primary mouse cartilage cell ageing model and a mouse natural ageing model.Methods Chon-drocytes of the mouse knee joint were obtained by type Ⅱ collagenase digestion and identified by toluidine blue stai-ning and Col Ⅱ staining.The age-related proteins and KAT7 expression levels in cartilage cells from different gener-ations of mice were discovered using Western blot and cellular immunofluorescence techniques,and the aging of the cells was assessed by SA-β-Gal coloring.The pathological alterations were examined in the joints of 22-month-old mice compared to 2-month-old mice using HE staining and safranin O-solid green staining.Additionally,immuno-histochemical analysis was done to observe the expression of KAT7 and p53 in mouse joint tissue.Results Com-pared with the control group,the expression levels of KAT7 protein and p21 and p53 in aged mouse chondrocytes significantly increased.WM-3835,a commonly inhibitor of KAT7 that possess the capacity on halting the protein expression procedure of gene KAT7 as well as p21 in ageing chondrocytes.SA-β-Gal staining showed a significant increase in positive staining of chondrocytes in the eighth generation(P8)compared to the first generation(P1).Compared with the cartilage tissue of young mice,the cartilage tissue of elderly mice presents a near-bone distribu-tion,with a decrease in cartilage surface integrity,a significant increase in the number of hypertrophic chondro-cytes,and more KAT7 and p53 cells that were positive.Conclusion The expression of KAT7 increases in the ageing chondrocytes and the cartilage tissue of ageing mice,reveales the potential significance of KAT7 correlated to cellular aging process in cartilage.

Objective To study clinical data retrospectively and demonstrate the optimal injection site of adductor canal block by performing a cadaveric study.Methods Clinical part:clinical data from 19 patients,11 males and 8 females,aged 21 85 years,ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,who received ultrasound guided adductor canal block were retrospectively collected.Among whom 9 received a mid-distance injection of 10 ml of 0.5％ ropivacaine and 10 received an injection of the same medication at the outlet of adductor canal.The primary endpoint was complete absence of cold sensation to ice cube on the medial side of calf at 30 minutes and 24 hours after injection.Cadaveric part:40 lower limbs,20 males and 20 females,were finally analyzed in the study.The distances from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the medial tibial condyle,from ASIS to the entrance of the adductor canal,from ASIS to the exit of the canal (adductor tendinous opening),from ASIS to the site where sa phenous nerve emerges through the aponeurotic covering were measured respectively.The length of adductor canal,the relative location of adductor canal and the site where saphenous nerve pierces in the lower limbs were calculated.Results Clinical part:all 19 cases were successfully recorded with complete absence of cold sensation at 30 minutes after injection of local anesthetic and complete sensory recovery at 24 hours after injection.Cadaveric part:in all specimens,saphenous nerve enters adductor canal and coursed down until emerging at very close to the distal end of the canal with the saphenous branch of descending genicular artery.The length of the adductor canal was (10.0±2.1) cm.The entrance and the exit of adductor canal and the emerging site of the saphenous nerve located along the (54.7±3.0) ％,(76.0％±3.8) ％ and (74.1±3.2) ％ of sartorius muscle,respectively.Conclusion Performing ultrasound-guided adductor canal block at either the outlet of adductor canal or mid-distance of thigh can achieve comparable blockade of saphenous nerve.Cadaveric study implicated that the optimal injection site for adductor canal block should be the lower one-third of sartorius muscle.Ultrasound-guided injection of local anesthetics next to the descending genicular artery may possibly become a promising new method of saphenous nerve block.

Objective : To examine the impact and partial mechanism of bupivacaine sustained-release drug ( code PB21) in combination with low-dose dexamethasone ( Dex) on the analgesic time of rats with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) ． Methods : Using the techniques of anterior cruciate ligament transection and meniscus instability，a rat KOA model was created．After eight weeks，SD mice were split into three groups at random : a group for the model， one for Dex (50 μg) ，one for PB21 ( 1. 5 mg) ，and one for combined administration ( 1. 5 mg PB21 /50 μg Dex) ， with a control group that received a sham operation．The pain thresholds of KOA rats were measured using a Pres- sure Application Measurement (PAM) at different intervals before to delivery and 4，24，36，and 48 hours following administration ; to gauge changes in discomfort，a CatWalk was used to assess the rats' average foot strength and maximum contact area before，four，twenty-four，and forty-eight hours after treatment．A portion of the rats were put to sleep at four，twenty-four，and forty-eight hours following the injection，and the joint synovium was removed for paraffin sectioning．Immunohistochemistry was used to identify the expression of GAP43 in the synovium，whereas immunofluorescence was used to identify the expression of CGRP in the same tissue. Results : The average strength and maximum contact area of the foot and claw decreased (P ＜0. 01 ) ，and the pain threshold decreased (P < 0. 01) in the model group compared to the sham operation group．The PB21 + Dex group experienced a delayed pain threshold lowering time delay when compared to the PB21 and Dex treatment groups alone．Up to 48 hours lat- er，the combination administration group's average strength and maximum contact area of the foot paw remained ele- vated，and there was a statistically significant difference (P ＜0. 05 ) between the combined administration group and PB21 and Dex alone．GAP43 and CGRP expression levels in synovial tissue were detected．The results indica- ted that PB21 and Dex alone could lower protein expression levels at 4 and 24 h at the two time points，and that the PB21 + Dex group could still significantly lower GAP43 and CGRP expression levels at 48 h．At the 48 h time point，the PB21 + Dex group was statistically significant when compared to the PB21 and Dex alone administration group(P＜0. 05) ． Conclusion In summary low dose dexamethasone can prolong the analgesic effect of PB21 on KOA rats，which is connected to reducing the expression of pain related proteins CGRP and GAP43 .