Objective Porphyrin, when conjugated with glucose, will be improved in its water solubility and biocompatibility. Methods In this paper, based on 4- (2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucosyloxy)benzaldehyde and pyrrole, glucose conjugated porphyrins were synthesized in an optimized process, while porphyrin dimer was synthesized by the Ag-promoted coupling reaction of glycoconjugated porphyrin monomer.Results The compounds were characterized by 1H NMR and MS. Results showed that porphyrin conjugated with two glucose units has slight water solubility, while porphyrin conjugated with three or four glucose units has excellent water solubility. Conclusion Glucoconjugation improves water-solubility of porphyrins, which will enlarge its application in biological fields.

Objective In order to study the biological characteristics of macrophages and provide the materials to study the survival mechanism of intracellular parasites, we conducted this study to establish a high-purity alveolar macrophage isolation and culture method.Methods Goat lungs were lavaged with normal saline in sterile environment several times, and cells were collected and then goat alveolar macrophages were purified by density gradient centrifugation using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) solution.The isolated goat alveolar macrophages were cultured in cell culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope every day,and the phagocytic activity of the cells was detected by chicken red blood cell phagocytosis test.Flow cytometry was used to detect CD14, a characteristic monocyte-macrophage surface marker.Results The adherent cells were characterized by typical macrophage morphology, pseudopodia and protrusions, showing round and irregular shape, rich cytoplasm, and large cell body.Of the cultured macrophages, 54.5% could phagocytize chicken erythrocytes and showed good phagocytic activity.After one month of in vitro culture, 93.7% of the cells were able to express CD14 antigen, which had a macrophage-specific immunophenotype.Conclusions The alveolar macrophages obtained in this study have high purity and good bioactivity, thus provide a cell model for studying the immune mechanism of intracellular parasites.

Objective: To examine the risk factors for road traffic injury in agricultural vehicle drivers. Methods: A total of 103 drivers (who had suffered agricultural vehicle road traffic injury within the past year based on the road traffic injury registrar from the Traffic Management Bureau) who were involved in the annual agricultural vehicle inspection from December 2014 to January 2015 were randomly sampled from the Yixing Agricultural Vehicle Station as the case group for this study. Based on a 1∶2 assignment ratio and matched for sex, age, and education, a total of 206 drivers who had not suffered any agricultural vehicle road traffic injury within the past year were selected as the control group. The general information, vehicle information, driving information, driving behavior, and accident details of the agricultural vehicle drivers were analyzed. Results: The incidence rate of road traffic injury was 7.24% given the 103 agricultural vehicle drivers who had suffered agricultural vehicle road traffic injury in the past year. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that drinking, debt, pressure, history of car accident, history of drunk driving, smoking and phone use during driving, fatigue driving, and driving with illness were the risk factors for road traffic injury in agricultural vehicle drivers (OR=2.332, 2.429, 19.778, 5.589, 8.517, 2.125, 3.203, 10.249 and 5.639, respectively) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis also demonstrated that pressure, history of car accident, history of drunk driving, fatigue driving, and driving with illness were the risk factors for road traffic injury in agricultural vehicle drivers (OR=12.139, 11.184, 6.729, 5.939, and 6.544, respectively) . Conclusion Pressure, history of car accident, history of drunk driving, fatigue driving, and driving with illness are the major risk factors for road traffic injury in agricultural vehicle drivers.

Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC) is among the deadliest malignancies and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a primary protein secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs); however, its role and mechanisms of action of Gal-1 in GC remain unclear. In this study, we stimulated GC cells with exogenous human recombinant galectin-1 protein (rhGal-1) to investigate its effects on the proliferation, migration, and resistance to cisplatin. Materials and Methods: We used simulated rhGal-1 protein as a paracrine factor produced by CAFs to induce GC cells and investigated its promotional effects and mechanisms in GC progression and cisplatin resistance. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assay confirmed that Gal-1 expression was associated with clinicopathological parameters and correlated with the expression of neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), c-JUN, and Wee1. Results: Our study reveals Gal-1 expression was significantly associated with poor outcomes.Gal-1 boosts the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells by activating the NRP-1/C-JUN/ Wee1 pathway. Gal-1 notably increases GC cell resistance to cisplatin The NRP-1 inhibitor, EG00229, effectively counteracts these effects. Conclusions These findings revealed a potential mechanism by which Gal-1 promotes GC growth and contributes to chemoresistance, offering new therapeutic targets for the treatment of GC.

Icariin,which belongs to the class of flavonoids,is the main active ingredient of the traditional tonic Chinese herb Epimedii Folium.Modern studies have shown that icariin has a wide range of effects on the male reproductive system.It has various pharmacological activities such as regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis,antioxidants,promoting testosterone secretion,improving erectile function,inhibiting prostate cancer cell migration,invasion,and regulating cell cycle.It has research value and application prospects in the field of urology and assisted reproduction.Therefore,Icariin's pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms on the male reproductive system are reviewed in this paper combined with literature visualization analysis.It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the therapeutic value development and application of icariin in male reproductive health.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of combined complete preservation of chordal structure mitral valve replacement (C-MVR) with total anatomical arterial myocardial revascularization (TACR) in coronary patients with moderate-to-severe or severe ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR).Methods:This is a retrospective multi-center case series study. Data were retrospectively collected from 127 patients with coronary artery disease with moderate to severe or severe IMR who received TACR with C-MVR from July 2015 to April 2024 in 13 hospitals in China. There were 90 males and 37 females, aged (56.5±10.7) years (range: 33 to 74 years). Perioperative data and follow-up data including left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, and patency rate of arterial grafts of patients were collected. Comparisons were made using paired sample t-test or χ2 test. Results:In this cohort of 127 patients, 67 underwent concurrent tricuspid valve repair. During surgery, 113 grafts of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA), 127 grafts of the left radial artery, 80 grafts of the right radial artery, and 110 grafts of the right internal mammary artery (RIMA) were harvested. The number of the distal anastomosis was 4.2±0.4 (range: 3 to 5). The aortic cross-clamp time and cardiopulmonary bypass time were (97.5±23.4) minutes (range: 90 to 161 minutes) and (145.4±19.2) minutes (range: 101 to 210 minutes), respectively. There was one operative death. Intraoperative placement of an intra-aortic balloon pump was performed in 21 patients to improve the left ventricular ejection. No sternal ischemic occurred. All patients completed follow-up, with a mean follow-up period of (64.3±7.5) months (range: 4 to 110 months). No major cerebrovascular events occurred during the follow-up period, and all patients survived. Left ventricular ejection fraction improved postoperatively (55.0%±5.3% vs. 41.0%±15.3%, t=17.23, P<0.01). The proportion of patients with New York Heart Association functional class ≤2 increased postoperatively (23.6% (30/127) vs. 87.3% (110/126), χ2=103.77, P<0.01). The proportion of patients with Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Classification ≤3 decreased postoperatively (4.8% (6/126) vs. 78.7% (100/127), χ2=142.19, P<0.01). The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased postoperatively ((5.70±4.50) cm vs. (6.10±0.23) cm, t=12.15, P<0.01). Coronary multi-detector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) follow-up was conducted for (60.5±11.7) months (range: 6 to 109 months) postoperatively. MDCTA confirmed the patency rates of the grafts: 96.4% (108/112) for the LIMA grafts, 88.9% (112/126) for the left radial artery grafts, 93.7% (74/79) for the right radial artery grafts, and 90.9% (100/110) for the free RIMA grafts. No significant differences in graft patency rates were observed between the arterial grafts ( χ2=5.24, P=0.155). Conclusion:The results of this multi-centre study demonstrate satisfactory mid-term results of C-MVR with TACR for the treatment of coronary artery disease with moderate to severe or severe IMR.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of combined complete preservation of chordal structure mitral valve replacement (C-MVR) with total anatomical arterial myocardial revascularization (TACR) in coronary patients with moderate-to-severe or severe ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR).Methods:This is a retrospective multi-center case series study. Data were retrospectively collected from 127 patients with coronary artery disease with moderate to severe or severe IMR who received TACR with C-MVR from July 2015 to April 2024 in 13 hospitals in China. There were 90 males and 37 females, aged (56.5±10.7) years (range: 33 to 74 years). Perioperative data and follow-up data including left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, and patency rate of arterial grafts of patients were collected. Comparisons were made using paired sample t-test or χ2 test. Results:In this cohort of 127 patients, 67 underwent concurrent tricuspid valve repair. During surgery, 113 grafts of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA), 127 grafts of the left radial artery, 80 grafts of the right radial artery, and 110 grafts of the right internal mammary artery (RIMA) were harvested. The number of the distal anastomosis was 4.2±0.4 (range: 3 to 5). The aortic cross-clamp time and cardiopulmonary bypass time were (97.5±23.4) minutes (range: 90 to 161 minutes) and (145.4±19.2) minutes (range: 101 to 210 minutes), respectively. There was one operative death. Intraoperative placement of an intra-aortic balloon pump was performed in 21 patients to improve the left ventricular ejection. No sternal ischemic occurred. All patients completed follow-up, with a mean follow-up period of (64.3±7.5) months (range: 4 to 110 months). No major cerebrovascular events occurred during the follow-up period, and all patients survived. Left ventricular ejection fraction improved postoperatively (55.0%±5.3% vs. 41.0%±15.3%, t=17.23, P<0.01). The proportion of patients with New York Heart Association functional class ≤2 increased postoperatively (23.6% (30/127) vs. 87.3% (110/126), χ2=103.77, P<0.01). The proportion of patients with Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Classification ≤3 decreased postoperatively (4.8% (6/126) vs. 78.7% (100/127), χ2=142.19, P<0.01). The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased postoperatively ((5.70±4.50) cm vs. (6.10±0.23) cm, t=12.15, P<0.01). Coronary multi-detector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) follow-up was conducted for (60.5±11.7) months (range: 6 to 109 months) postoperatively. MDCTA confirmed the patency rates of the grafts: 96.4% (108/112) for the LIMA grafts, 88.9% (112/126) for the left radial artery grafts, 93.7% (74/79) for the right radial artery grafts, and 90.9% (100/110) for the free RIMA grafts. No significant differences in graft patency rates were observed between the arterial grafts ( χ2=5.24, P=0.155). Conclusion:The results of this multi-centre study demonstrate satisfactory mid-term results of C-MVR with TACR for the treatment of coronary artery disease with moderate to severe or severe IMR.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the surgical strategies and analyze the clinical outcomes of multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIA).

METHODSThe clinical data of 49 MIA patients surgically treated between January 2009 and December 2013 was analyzed retrospectively. Among the 49 patients, 12 patients were male and 37 were female, mean age (49 ± 11) years. Thirty-five patients had ruptured aneurysms, and 14 had unruptured aneurysms. Treatment strategies included one-stage operation (MIA were treated in one-stage with an unilateral approach), two-stage treatment (MIA were treated stage by stage) and partial treatment (only ruptured aneurysm was treated). Postoperative CT angiograms (CTA) or digital subtraction angiograms (DSA) were reviewed and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were evaluated during follow-up period.

RESULTSThirty-two patients (65.3%) underwent one-stage operation, 9 patients (18.4%) underwent two-stage treatment, and 8 patients (16.3%) underwent partial treatment. Forty-seven patients were followed up 4-49 months, mean (22 ± 7) months. Postoperative CTA or DSA showed no aneurysm recurrence. According to the GOS scores, 41 patients (83.7%) with good outcomes (GOS 4, 5), 6 patients (12.2%) were disabled (GOS 2, 3) and 2 patients (4.1%) were dead (GOS 1).

CONCLUSIONSelecting the right patients for surgery and making personalized surgical strategies based on the characteristics of patients and aneurysms could improve the surgical outcomes of MIA.

Adult ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; surgery ; Cerebral Angiography ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Selection ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; methods

Gamma band oscillation (GBO) and sensory gating (SG) are associated with many cognitive functions. Ketamine induces deficits of GBO and SG in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the time-courses of the effects of different doses of ketamine on GBO power and SG are poorly understood. Studies have indicated that GBO power and SG have a common substrate for their generation and abnormalities. In this study, we found that (1) ketamine administration increased GBO power in the PFC in rats differently in the low- and high-dose groups; (2) auditory SG was significantly lower than baseline in the 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups, but not in the 15 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg groups; and (3) changes in SG and basal GBO power were significantly correlated in awake rats. These results indicate a relationship between mechanisms underlying auditory SG and GBO power.
Acoustic Stimulation ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Electroencephalography ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Gamma Rhythm ; drug effects ; Ketamine ; pharmacology ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sensory Gating ; drug effects ; Sleep Stages ; drug effects ; Statistics as Topic ; Time Factors ; Wakefulness ; drug effects

ObjectiveTo explore the effective components and mechanism of Epimedii Folium in the treatment of oligoasthenotspermia by using network pharmacology and molecular docking technique. MethodThe main active components and corresponding target genes of Epimedii Folium were screened out from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）. Target genes of oligospermia were obtained by GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM） database. Uniprot was used to correct all genes. The drug-active component-key target regulatory network was constructed by Cytoscape3.9.0， and the key active components were screened out according to the degree value. The active components and common targets of the disease were uploaded to STRING 11.5 database to construct the Epimedii Folium and oligoasthenotspermia target protein-protein interaction （PPI） network， and the key protein targets were screened out according to the degree value. The key targets of gene ontology （GO） functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis were performed using DAVID database. Protein Data Bank （PDB） and TCMSP were used to obtain the molecular structure of target proteins and active components. AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 was used to perform molecular docking of the active components and the core protein targets. Finally， icariin， the active component of Epimedii Folium， was used to intervene in the rat model of oligoasthenotspermia to verify the effect of icariin on the expression level of protein targets. ResultTwenty-three active components from Epimedii Folium were screened out， and 50 common targets and 6 core targets of oligoasthenotspermia and Epimedii Folium were obtained， including tumor protein p53 （TP53）， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 （PTGS2）， cysteine aspartate-specific protease （Caspase）-3， erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 （ERBB2）， and caspase-9. Through GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis， the active components of Epimedii Folium were mainly involved in the P53 signaling pathway， the pathways in cancer， cell proliferation， and apoptosis， etc. Molecular docking results indicated that icariin， quercetin， and 8-isopentenol had strong binding ability to target protein. The results of icariin intervention experiment showed that as compared with the control group， the expression of target proteins in testis of rats with oligoasthenotspermia was significantly down-regulated. As compared with the model group， icariin significantly up-regulated the expression of target protein in testis of rats with oligoasthenotspermia （P<0.05）. ConclusionEpimedii Folium treats oligoasthenotspermia through regulating the P53 signaling pathway， the pathways in cancer， cell proliferation， and apoptosis by icariin， quercetin， and 8-isopentenol.