In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF- ET) technology is now widely used in the world in infertility patients. Psychological intervention can help the IVF- ET patients and their spouses reduce the negative emotions and improve pregnancy outcomes. This review provides a summary of the negative emotions in IVF- ET couples and the psychological intervention on them, so as to provide reference to establish a systematic and standardized clinical psychological nursing mode.

OBJECTIVETo study current regional development and optimization schemes of patents of traditional Chinese medicine compounds.

METHODSimple statistics and cluster analysis were adopted for calculating application quantity, maintenance quantity and quantity of scientific research papers related to patents of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in different regions. On that basis, cluster analysis was used for studying current development patents of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in different regions.

RESULTThe 34 regions, including Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, were divided into four groups by cluster analysis according to the difference in quantities of patents and research papers. The first and third region are better, the second region is medium, while the forth region is not ideal.

CONCLUSIONDifferent regions shall adopt suitable development schemes for the development of traditional Chinese medicine compounds according to their actual situations. Reasonable regional alliance is helpful for inter-regional win-win and co-flourishing.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; legislation & jurisprudence ; standards ; China ; Cluster Analysis ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Patents as Topic ; legislation & jurisprudence

Current patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds is far from being satisfactory with increasing research and development achievements. As patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine compounds is closely related with many fields such as research and development of new TCM drugs, industrial development and TCM internationalization, the development of research and harmonious development of TCM compounds and their patent protection is bound to have a far-reaching influence on domestic and even international societies.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; Patents as Topic

Objective To investigate the dynamic characteristics of the pacemaker current of canine sino-atrial node cells and compare them with the wild type mHCN2 pacemaker current overexpressed in neonatal rat myocardial cells.Methods Fresh canine sino-atrial node cells were enzymatically isolated in a calcium-free solution containing collagenase and elastase,and the funny current was recorded and compared with the mHCN2 current overexpressed in cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells under the same experimental conditions.Results The canine sinus node cells were elongated,spindle-shaped or polygonal,with well-defined boundaries,and showed spontaneous beating.The elicited pacemaker current was an inward current and its rise in amplitude quickened as the hyperpolarization potential increased.At V ＝-75 mV,the canine sinus atrial node pacemaker current was (-2.1±0.3) pA/pF and had the same activation kinetics as those of the mHCN2 channel current overexpressed in neonatal rat myocardial cells [τact:(728±137) ms vs.(530±65) ms,P＞0.05].Conclusions Within the physiological range,the pacemaker current in canine sino-atrial node cells and the wild type mHCN2 pacemaker current over expressed in neonatal rat myocardial cells have similar activation kinetics.

14 aged patients received radiofrequency current ablation(RFCA)to treat drug-refractory tachycardia. The success rate was 97%(13/14).In conjunction with the charcteristicaof aged patients often with long clinical history and apt to be complicated,the paper especially discussed the distinctive feature of application of RFCA to aged patients.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the authorized patent of compound traditional Chinese medicines with different efficacy in 2010, in order to provide reference for R&D of relevant compounds and patent protection.

METHODLiteratures for patents of compound traditional Chinese medicines were searched to screen relevant data and create a sample space. The samples were classified by hierarchical cluster procedures and iterative partitioning procedures using "authorized percentage" and "authorized time interval" as variable quantities. The comprehensive results generated by the two clustering methods were used to draw a conclusion.

RESULTThe samples were classified into four groups by clustering methods, each has significant difference in authorized patents' number and authorized time interval with others.

CONCLUSIONAmong compounds showing therapeutic advantage of traditional Chinese medicines, patents with short authorization period and in less number can be given most attention for patent application. Those with longer authorization period and in less number can be given more attention. While those with shorter authorization period and in large number can also be given attention for information guidance for traditional Chinese medicine science and technology and commercialization of patent achievements.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; legislation & jurisprudence ; standards ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Cluster Analysis ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Patents as Topic ; legislation & jurisprudence ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To analyze the effect of dominant accessory atrioventricular pathways (AP) on the end vector of ventricular depolarization. Methods All patients had single AP confirmed by radiofrequency cathteter abalation (RFCA) and were free from organic heart disease (including 102 cases of dominant accessory AP and 38 cases of concealed AP). The AP was divided into posterior septal(P3) ,mediate septal (MS) ,anterior septal (AS), left posterior free wall (LP), left anterior free wall (LA), right posterior free wall (RP) and right anterior free wall (RA). Results The end 40 ms vector of QRS wave changed in 102 patients with manifested AP and in 4 patients with concealed AP (P < 0. 05). Conclusion The end 40 ms vector of QRS wave of any site manifested AP can change and the changes have the specihty of leads.

Pharmaceutical standard system which belongs to an important part of national drug policies is an inevitable result of the development of pharmacy. There was a long standing of pharmaceutical standard system in China whose germination could be traced back to Qin and Han dynasties, and it had laid a solid foundation for the establishment and improvement of modern pharmaceutical standard system by continual accumulation from the past dynasties. Since the founding of new China, distinguished achievements had been obtained on pharmaceutical standardization working,and currently it is in a new developing stage. There was a brief description in this paper on the development history of pharmaceutical standard system in China.
China ; Dosage Forms ; standards ; Education, Pharmacy ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; history ; standards ; Pharmaceutical Services ; history ; standards ; Pharmacy ; history ; standards ; Quality Control

Objective: To investigate the effects of hypoxia on the phenotype transformation of human dermal fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and the mechanism. Methods: The third passage of healthy adult human dermal fibroblasts in logarithmic phase were cultured in DMEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum for the following five experiments. (1) In experiments 1, 2, and 3, cells were divided into normoxia group and hypoxia group according to the random number table, with 10 dishes in each group. Cells of normoxia group were cultured in incubator containing 21% oxygen, while those of hypoxia group with 1% oxygen. At post culture hour (PCH) 0 and 48, 5 dishes of cells were collected from each group, respectively. mRNA expressions of markers of myofibroblasts including alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), type Ⅰ collagen, and type Ⅲ collagen of cells were determined with real time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in experiment 1. Protein expressions of α-SMA, type Ⅰ collagen, and type Ⅲ collagen of cells were determined with Western blotting in experiment 2. The protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) of cells was determined with Western blotting in experiment 3. (2) In experiment 4, cells were divided into normoxia group, hypoxia group, and hypoxia+ pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group according to the random number table, with 5 dishes in each group. Cells in the former two groups were treated the same as those in experiment 1. Cells in hypoxia+ PDTC group were treated the same as those in hypoxia group plus adding 4 mL PDTC with a final molarity of 10 μmol/L in the culture medium. At PCH 48, the protein expression of NF-κB of cells was determined with Western blotting. (3) In experiment 5, cells were divided into normoxia group, hypoxia group, hypoxia+ PDTC group, and normoxia+ PDTC group according to the random number table, with 5 dishes in each group. Cells in the former three groups were treated the same as those in experiment 4. Cells in normoxia+ PDTC group were treated the same as those in normoxia group plus adding 4 mL PDTC with a final molarity of 10 μmol/L in the culture medium. At PCH 48, protein expressions of α-SMA, type Ⅰ collagen, and type Ⅲ collagen of cells were determined with Western blotting. Data were processed with analysis of variance of factorial design, one-way analysis of variance, and LSD-t test. Results: (1) Compared with those of normoxia group at corresponding time point, mRNA expressions and protein expressions of α-SMA, type Ⅰ collagen, and type Ⅲ collagen and the protein expression of NF-κB in fibroblasts of hypoxia group were not changed obviously at PCH 0 (with t values from -1.21 to 2.04, P values above 0.05), while mRNA expressions and protein expressions of α-SMA, type Ⅰ collagen, and type Ⅲ collagen and the protein expression of NF-κB significantly increased at PCH 48 (with t values from -12.57 to -3.44, P values below 0.01). (2) At PCH 48, the protein expression of NF-κB in fibroblasts of hypoxia group was 0.83±0.12, significantly higher than that of normoxia group (0.17±0.06, t=-16.96, P<0.001). The protein expression of NF-κB in fibroblasts of hypoxia+ PDTC group was 0.31±0.08, significantly lower than that of hypoxia group (t=12.73, P<0.001). (3) At PCH 48, protein expressions of α-SMA, type Ⅰ collagen, and type Ⅲ collagen in fibroblasts of hypoxia group were 0.73±0.09, 1.25±0.10, and 1.16±0.07, respectively, significantly higher than those of normoxia group (0.14±0.06, 0.87±0.08, and 0.77±0.13, respectively, with t values from 9.24 to 11.24, P values below 0.001). The protein expression of α-SMA in fibroblasts of normoxia+ PDTC group was 0.24±0.07, significantly higher than that of normoxia group (t=4.22, P<0.01). Protein expressions of type Ⅰ collagen and type Ⅲ collagen in fibroblasts of normoxia+ PDTC group were 0.25±0.06 and 0.32±0.11, respectively, significantly lower than those of normoxia group (with t values respectively -4.31 and -3.88, P values below 0.01). Protein expressions of α-SMA, type Ⅰ collagen, and type Ⅲ collagen in fibroblasts of hypoxia+ PDTC group were 0.09±0.08, 0.38±0.12, and 0.47±0.08, respectively, significantly lower than those of hypoxia group (with t values from 11.78 to 22.98, P values below 0.001). Conclusions Hypoxia can significantly up-regulate the expressions of α-SMA, type Ⅰ collagen, and type Ⅲ collagen in human dermal fibroblasts, which may promote the phenotype transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and this is likely to be associated with the activation of NF-κB signal pathway.

Objective:Through the investigation of the pathogenicity of COL4A4 heterozygous splicing mutations and the genotype-phenotype correlation in autosomal dominant Alport syndrome (ADAS), to better understand the impact of COL4A4 heterozygous splicing mutations on ADAS. Methods:The study was a case series analysis. Patients from 5 ADAS families with COL4A4 heterozygous splicing mutations detected by whole exome sequencing were recruited by three hospitals. In vivo transcriptional analysis and/or in vitro minigene splicing assay were conducted to determine the splicing patterns and assess the pathogenicity of COL4A4 heterozygous splicing mutations. Results:In the five ADAS pedigrees carrying COL4A4 heterozygous splicing mutations, four novel ADAS splicing patterns were described. In pedigree 1-4, most patients presented with continuous hematuria or/and microalbuminuria. Otherwise,the proband in pedigree 4 presented with macroalbuminuria and the proband in pedigree 1 had progressed to chronic kidney disease stage 2 at the age of 70 years old. In pedigree 5, all patients developed end-stage renal disease between 28 and 41 years old. c.735+3A>G detected in pedigree 1 and pedigree 2 and c.694-1G>C detected in pedigree 3 both led to exon 12 skipping in COL4A4, resulting in 42 nucleotides in-frame deletion (c.694_735del). c.2056+3A>G detected in pedigree 4 led to COL4A4 exon 26 skipping, which caused in-frame deletion of 69 nucleotides (c.1988_2056del). c.2716+5G>T detected in pedigree 5 led to a 360 nucleotides large in-frame deletion, including 100 bp sequence at the 3'end of exon 29,the whole sequence of exon 30 and 89 bp sequence at the 5'end of exon 31 (c.2446_2805del). Conclusions:Renal prognosis differs significantly for patients with small in-frame deletions versus large in-frame deletion splicing abnormalities. Determination of the pathogenicity and the splicing patterns of COL4A4 heterozygous splicing mutations using in vivo and in vitro transcriptional analysis may provide renal prognostic information.