Cancer has become the second largest life-threatening disease nowadays.Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are still important treatments for cancer.However, they tend to produce a lot of serious adverse effects including bone damage and bone marrow fat, etc.Based on recent research, the research progress on canonical Wnt pathway and its impact on stromal stem cells differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes are reviewed.Radiochemotherapy-induced bone damage and bone marrow fat is closely related to canonical Wnt pathway.In experimental assay and clinical application, Wnt pathway antagonists, such as Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), sclerostin, and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP-1) are used to relieve bone damage.Wnt pathway is expected to become a potential target for the therapy of bone damage and bone marrow fat induced by raidochemotherapy.

Objective To investigate the effects of glutathione protected gold nanoclusters (GSH-Au NCs) on HeLa cytotoxity.Methods Fluorescence intensity were measured on GSH-Au NCs containing medium treated cells using fluorescence spectrophotometer at different time points.GSH-Au NCs uptake by HeLa cells at 1,2,6,12 and 24 h were investigated through fluorescent spectrophotometer.In vivo tumor uptake was also investigated on BALB/c tumor-bearing mice through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) at 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml GSH-Au NCs (3 mmol/L) and distilled water (control group) respectively.The cytotoxicity of GSH-Au NCs at different doses (0.003-0.3 mmol/L) was tested at 24 and 48 h using MTT assay after interaction with HeLa cells.Results The uptake efficiency of GSH-Au NCs by HeLa cells kept increasing and reached maximum of 73.13％ at 24 h.The results of tumor-bearing mice indicated that the tumor tissue had higher uptake efficiency after 24 h (320±15) ng/g than that of control group (intraperitoneal injection of distilled water),and the difference was stastically significant (P＜0.05).HeLa cells were treated with different concentrations of GSH-Au NCs for 24 h,and GSHAu NCs had a slight effect on cell viability.With the increase of GSH-Au NCs dose,the inhibition effects on growth of HeLa cells enhanced.The cell activity of HeLa cells treated with 0.3 mmol/L GSH-Au NCs for 24 h reduced to 86％compared with that of control group (the concentration of GSH-Au NCs was 0) (P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference between the survival rate of different concentrations of GSH-Au NCs group and the control group for 48 h.Conclusions GSH-Au NCs have neglectable cytotoxity on HeLa cells even though both in vitro and in vivo uptake are high.GSH-Au NCs are suitable for biomedical application such as imaging,drug loading and targeted drug delivery.

ObjectiveTo establish an High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry （HPLC-ICP-MS） method for determination of six arsenic species in human urine，including arseniccholine （AsC）， arsenobetaine （AsB）， arsenite （As³⁺）， dimethylarsinic acid （DMA⁵⁺）， monomethylarsonic acid （MMA⁵⁺）， and arsenate （As⁵⁺）. MethodsThe pH value of mobile phase and the content of anhydrous ethanol were optimized. Ammonium carbonate （50 mmol·L^-1， containing 2% anhydrous ethanol， pH-8.5） mobile phase was selected. Cl^- interference was eliminated by He mode. The arsenic species in 10-fold diluted human urine samples were separated by an Hamilton PRP X-100 anionic column. A method for the determination of six arsenic species was established. ResultsSix arsenic species could be separated in 13 minutes. The linear correlation coefficients were above 0.999. The limits of detection were 0.10‒0.20 μg·L^-1， and the limits of quantification were 0.30‒0.50 μg·L^-1. Precision experiments showed that RSD ranged from 5.96% to 9.07% when adding concentration 0.20 μg·L^-1； from 2.48% to 6.38% when adding concentration 2.00 μg·L^-1； and from 1.41% to 2.57% when adding concentration 5.00 μg·L^-1. Accuracy test showed that the recoveries were 80%‒125%. ConclusionThe established HPLC-ICP-MS method for determination of six arsenic species in human urine is rapid， accurate and sensitive. It can be applied to the determination of arsenic species in human urine.

Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics* ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics*

Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics* ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

ObjectiveTo assess the level of internal exposure to PCP in a community population in Shanghai， to investigate the factors affecting the level of PCP， and to analyze the correlation between the exposure and thyroid hormone levels. MethodsA total of 464 residents of a community in Shanghai were selected as the study subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain the demographic information， dietary situation， lifestyle and behavioral habits， and disease history of the individuals， and blood samples were collected. Gas chromatography-electron trap was applied to determine the PCP levels in serum. Multicategorical logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the possible influencing factors of PCP exposure in humans. Thyroid hormone levels were used as the dependent variable and serum PCP as the independent variable. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between PCP and thyroid hormones in the community population after controlling the confounding factors such as age， gender， literacy， annual personal income， and chronic diseases. ResultsThe detection rate of serum PCP in 464 subjects was 90.3%， and the median serum PCP level was 0.43 μg·L^-1. The differences in PCP levels among different age groups were statistically significant. There were no significant differences in PCP levels among different gender and BMI groups. The study of PCP exposure factors showed that age， frequency of using plastic products， consumption of freshwater fish， type of occupation， annual income， and consumption of tea or coffee were the potential influencing factors for PCP exposure. Among them， age， frequency of using plastic products， consumption of tea or coffee， and consumption of freshwater fish were positively associated with PCP levels， and annual personal income was negatively associated with it. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that among men， PCP levels were positively correlated with TSH （b=0.105， 95%CI：0.017‒0.313） and negatively correlated with FT4 （b=-0.026， 95%CI：-0.057‒0.004）， and among women， PCP levels were positively correlated with TSH （b=0.092， 95%CI：-0.211‒0.904） and FT3 （b=0.017， 95%CI：-0.058‒0.230） and negatively correlated with FT4 （b=-0.013， 95%CI：-0.011‒0.037）. ConclusionSerum PCP detection is common among community residents in Shanghai. Different demographic characteristics or behavioral habits may increase or decrease PCP exposure. PCP exposure then affects human thyroid hormone levels.

Objective To evaluate the neurological function of cervicalspondylotic radiculopathy by somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and provide an objective basis for selecting the best operation occasion. Methods 60 patients with C6 and C7 radiculopathies were divided into 3 groups according to the results of SEP: normal group (n=22), mildly abnormal group (n=30) and severely abnormal group (n=8). All the patients underwent anterior cervical decompression and fusion. They were assessed with Neck Disability Index (NDI) before and after treatment. Results The postoperative NDI scores of all the groups improved significantly (P<0.001), especially in the normal group.Conclusion SEP, which can reflect the severity of cervicalspondylotic radiculopathy objectively and predict prognosis.