Based on the review of literature, the evaluation method and application of medication and functional exercise compliance of patients with stroke were summarized, to provide reference for nursing staff about the effective evaluation of medication and exercise compliance of patients with stroke, as well as the early and accurate judgment of patient′s compliance, further taking nursing intervention measures, to provide a basis for improving the medication and functional exercise compliance of patients with stroke and their rehabilitation effect.

Objective To assess the importance of initial resuscitation, prevention and management of the early complication in acute cervical spine injury. Methods Initial resuscitation of 715 early complications of 10 types and their prevention and management in 194 cases with acute cervical spinal cord injury admitted from 1996 to 1998 were reviewed. Results Mortality in early stage could be markedly reduced with routine and normal initial resuscitation, pulmonary complications were the main cause of death. Early complications delayed the possible surgical treatment, affected the treatment results, increased the cost and duration of hospitalization and difficulty of rehabilitation. Conclusions Early complications of cervical spine injury mostly occur in the first few days and can be predicted. Proper prevention and treatment of it will benefit the recovery of the neural lesion and following rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVETo explore the differences between the Bayesian interim analysis and the classical interim analysis.

METHODSTo compare the means of two independent samples between control and treatment, superior hypothesis test was established. In line with the data requirements for group sequential design, Type Iota error of Bayesian interim analysis based on various prior distributions, Power, Average Sample Size and Average Stage were estimated in the interim analysis.

RESULTSIn the Pocock and O' Brien & Fleming designs, the Type Iota errors in the Bayesian interim analysis based on the skeptical prior distribution and the handicap prior distribution were controlled at around 0.05. When the powers of these two classical designs were both 80%, Bayesian powers of the skeptical prior distribution and the handicap prior distribution were markedly lower. The powers of the non-informative prior distribution and the enthusiastic prior distribution were distinctly higher than 80%.

CONCLUSIONIn the Bayesian interim analysis based on the skeptical prior distribution and the handicap Prior distribution, the Type Iota errors can be well controlled. Bayesian interim analyses using these two prior distributions, compared with the analysis adopting the O' Brien & Fleming method, can markedly increase the possibility of ending the clinical trials ahead of time. The Bayesian interim analyses based on these two distributions do not have practical value for group sequential design of the Pocock method.

Bayes Theorem ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Sample Size

Objective To discuss the experience of open heart operation on beating in complex and severe congenital heart diseases. Method This kind of operation was put to use in 48 cases of the heart diseases in order to observe the effect of myocardial protection, prevention from air embolism,exposure of the operative field, and cardiopulmonary bypass. Results Operation field exposure was clear enough to finish the manipulation. One cases was eventiful postoperatively and died(2.08%). Conclusion Open heart operation on beating with slight hypothermia might have much feasibility in the part of complicated and severe congenital heart diseases.

OBJECTIVETo investigate direct bone graft repair with lag screw and tension band fixation technique and its value for the treatment of adolescence spondylolysis.

METHODSLysis was prepared and the fibrous tissue within the gap was removed in 12 patients from 12 to 26 years (average 18.4). 1 - 2 mm extra bony element was resected on both sides with fresh interface with the bone graft harvested from the iliac crest. From the entry point 8 mm away from the midline at the inferior margin of the lamina, titanium lag screws of 35 - 45 mm long and 3.5 mm in diameter were placed at 300 upward and outward and tighted through the lysis, bone graft and the superior and lateral aspect of the pedicle. Extra match bone graft was placed around the surface of defect, an high intensity Nilon wire tension band between the cap of the screw and the basis of transverse process was constructed before wound closure and suction drainage. The patients were immobilized with plaster brace of Paris for 2 months.

RESULTSAverage operation time was (10 +/- 55) minutes, and average blood loss was 170 ml. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 36 months (mean 17 months), and cases of 22 lysis healed within 3 months.

CONCLUSIONSTechnique of direct bone graft repair with lag screw and tension band fixation for the treatment of adolescence spondylolysis is simple, safe and reliable. Combined biomechanical and biological processes, it is less invasive but advantageous in preserving the motion in the affected segment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Screws ; Bone Transplantation ; Child ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Spondylolysis ; surgery

ObjectiveTo assess the level of internal exposure to PCP in a community population in Shanghai， to investigate the factors affecting the level of PCP， and to analyze the correlation between the exposure and thyroid hormone levels. MethodsA total of 464 residents of a community in Shanghai were selected as the study subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain the demographic information， dietary situation， lifestyle and behavioral habits， and disease history of the individuals， and blood samples were collected. Gas chromatography-electron trap was applied to determine the PCP levels in serum. Multicategorical logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the possible influencing factors of PCP exposure in humans. Thyroid hormone levels were used as the dependent variable and serum PCP as the independent variable. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between PCP and thyroid hormones in the community population after controlling the confounding factors such as age， gender， literacy， annual personal income， and chronic diseases. ResultsThe detection rate of serum PCP in 464 subjects was 90.3%， and the median serum PCP level was 0.43 μg·L^-1. The differences in PCP levels among different age groups were statistically significant. There were no significant differences in PCP levels among different gender and BMI groups. The study of PCP exposure factors showed that age， frequency of using plastic products， consumption of freshwater fish， type of occupation， annual income， and consumption of tea or coffee were the potential influencing factors for PCP exposure. Among them， age， frequency of using plastic products， consumption of tea or coffee， and consumption of freshwater fish were positively associated with PCP levels， and annual personal income was negatively associated with it. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that among men， PCP levels were positively correlated with TSH （b=0.105， 95%CI：0.017‒0.313） and negatively correlated with FT4 （b=-0.026， 95%CI：-0.057‒0.004）， and among women， PCP levels were positively correlated with TSH （b=0.092， 95%CI：-0.211‒0.904） and FT3 （b=0.017， 95%CI：-0.058‒0.230） and negatively correlated with FT4 （b=-0.013， 95%CI：-0.011‒0.037）. ConclusionSerum PCP detection is common among community residents in Shanghai. Different demographic characteristics or behavioral habits may increase or decrease PCP exposure. PCP exposure then affects human thyroid hormone levels.

BACKGROUND: LY01005 (Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection) is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist injected monthly. This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China. This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections. The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression ≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone ≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85. Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of -10%. Secondary endpoints included significant castration (≤20 ng/dL), testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing, and changes in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prostate specific antigen levels. RESULTS: On day 29, in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups, testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3% (142/143) and 100% (140/140) of patients, respectively, with a difference of -0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.9% to 2.0%) between the two groups. The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3% and 97.8%, respectively, with a between-group difference of 1.5% (95% CI, -1.3% to 4.4%). Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority. Secondary endpoints were similar between groups. Both treatments were well-tolerated. LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant (0% vs . 1.4% [2/145]). CONCLUSION: LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels, with a similar safety profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04563936.
Humans ; Male ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use* ; East Asian People ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/agonists* ; Goserelin/therapeutic use* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Testosterone