Objective To study the effects of prenatal exposure to low level lead on the physical and neuro-behavioral development of mice and the interaction between lead and zinc. Methods Kunming pregnant mice were provided with drinking water containing lead, zinc and lead-zinc jointly and respectively. The body weight of maternal mice, offspring's survival rate and body weight were observed. Neuro-behavioral development of offspring was assessed by observation of offspring's behavior performance. The levels of dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in offspring's brains were measured. Results At the doses of lead and zinc which did not effect the increase of maternal body weight during pregnancy, the lead exposure group showed low survival rate, growth retardation and delay of physiological development and neonatal reflexes in the offspring, the levels of DA and MDA in offspring's brains increased compared with the control group. Offspring's low survival rate and growth retardation couldn't be antagonized by zinc, but equal mole as lead of zinc could inhibit the harmful effects on neuro-reflex development. Zinc could also inhibit the increase of DA and MDA levels in offspring's brains induced by lead . However joint exposure to lead and half dosage as much as lead of zinc could deteriorate the effects on delay of physical, neuro-behavioral development and accelerate the DA and 5-HT decompose compared with that in the lead exposure group. Conclusion The harmful effects on offspring's growth and neuro-behavioral development could be induced by prenatal exposure to low level of lead. The types of joint-effect of lead and zinc were different according to the concentration of zinc, which indicated that the zinc-lead interaction was very complicated and it should be very prudent to antagonize lead toxicity using zinc.

Aim To study the oxygen free radical scavenging activities and antilipid peroxidation of nicotinic acid. Methods High lipid models of quail were induced by high fat diet. Five groups were divided, namely control group, high lipid group, NA group(150 mg?kg-1 and 75 mg?kg-1), and Vit E group (100 mg?kg-1). The contents of TC,TG,MDA and activities of SOD were examined for 3 times in the plasma and liver after administering NA for 9 weeks. Results The results showed the increase of TC,TG and MDA contents and decrease of SOD activities in high lipid groups by 3 weeks high fat diet. After administering NA for 3 weeks, NA reduced TC,TG and MDA contents and increased SOD activities, revealing the relationship to dose-dependence. Conclusion NA is most likely to possess the capabilities of anti-oxygen free radicals and anti-lipoperoxidation to hyperlipodemia quail.

ct curative effect and prognosis of multiple myeloma.

OBJECTIVE To observe the curative effect of Jieminqufeng decoction to the rats with allergic rhinitis. METHODS Fourty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. There were Jieminqufeng decoction group (A),cetirizine group (B),model control group(C) and normal control group (D). The rats with allergic rhinitis were established with ovalbumin. The behavioral changes of the rats were observed. The histological and cellular morphological changes were studied with light microscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS The model control (C) group had typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis. By light microscope and transmission electron microscope,a lot of eosinophilic granulocytes were found in nasal mucosa. The mucosal cells were lost or destroyed. However,the histological and cellular morphological changes of nasal mucosa in Group A,B were similar to that in Group D. CONCLUSION The Jieminqufeng decoction is an effective drug to treatment of allergic rhinitis. It can decrease the aggregation and activation of eosinophilic granulocytes,lessen inflammatory reaction and block up the allergy.

The distinction of antimicrobial resistance of clinical bacteria isolated from county hospitals and a teaching hospital was investigated. Disc diffusion test was used to study the antimicrobial resistance of isolates collected from county hospitals and a teaching hospital. The data was analyzed by WHONET5 and SPSS statistic software. A total of 655 strains and 1682 strains were collected from county hospitals and a teaching hospital, respectively, in the year of 2003. The top ten pathogens were Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), E. coli, Klebsiella spp., S. areus, P. aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., otherwise Salmonella spp., Proteus spp., Shigella spp. in county hospitals and Streptococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp., X. maltophilia in the teaching hospital. The prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria was 5% (4/86) of methicillin-resistant S. areus (MRSA), 12% (16/133) and 15.8% (9/57) of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing strains of E. coli and Klebsiella spp., respectively, in county hospitals. All of the three rates were lower than that in the teaching hospital and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 01). However, the incidence of methicillin-resistant CNS (MRCNS) reached to 70% (109/156) in the two classes of hospitals. Generally, the antimicrobial resistant rates in the county hospitals were lower than those in the teaching hospital, except the resistant rates of ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, SMZco which were similar in the two classes of hospitals. There were differences between county hospitals and the teaching hospital in the distribution of clinical isolates and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. It was the basis of rational use of antimicrobial agents to monitor antimicrobial resistance by each hospital.

OBJECTIVETo explain a method for lower face and anterior neck reconstruction.

METHODSTissue expanders were implanted subcutaneously beside the defect. When the skin was properly expanded, the bipedicled expanded skin flap was created and transferred to the lower face and the anterior neck. If the defect can not be repaired by one stage, the expanded skin was re-expanded for the rest.

RESULTS11 patients have been treated with this method since 1990. All flaps survived and all the defects have been successfully repaired with satisfactory results.

CONCLUSIONThe bipedicled expanded flap, which provided good blood supply, improved the survival rate of the flap and reduced the incision scar on the face, is an effective surgical procedure.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Face ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of external use of papaverine cream on enhancement of tissue expansion.

METHODS8 mini pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups. During inflation, papaverine was given externally in group A, through a delivery system in group B, though intramuscular injection in group C. Papaverine was not given in group D. The time of inflation, the expansion rate, the surviving length of expanded flaps and the papaverine concentration in the fibrous capsule in each group were examined. Histologic and electroscope examinations of the expanded tissue were made.

RESULTSThe average inflation time was 28.9 +/- 4.5 days in group A, 34.0 +/- 2.6 days in group B, 37.6 +/- 4.8 days in group C and 38.5 +/- 3.5 days in group D. There was significant difference between each group(P < 0.05). The average surviving length of expanded flaps in group A was 13.67 +/- 1.28 cm, 11.07 +/- 0.88 cm in group B, 10.79 +/- 0.49 cm in group C, and 9.49 +/- 0.77 cm in group D. There was significant difference between each group (P < 0.01). Histologic examinations of the expanded tissue suggested that there were no significant differences in thickness of epidermis, derma and fibrous capsule among the four groups. Electroscope examinations of the myofibroblast in fibrous capsule showed that there were smaller nuclei, fewer microfilaments and fewer mitochondrias and rougher endoplastic reticulume in group A than those in other groups. The concentration of papaverine in fibrous capsule of group A was 3.5 +/- 1.2 micrograms/g. Papaverine was detected neither in the skin of other groups nor in the blood of all groups.

CONCLUSIONS1. Papaverine cream can permeate through skin and maintain high concentration and continuous effect in local tissue. 2. External use of papaverine cream can inhabit the function of myofibroblast in fibrous capsule, increase inflation rate, accelerate expansion process, and improve microcirculation of the expanded skin with a result of prolongation of surviving length of expanded flaps. 3. The technique of enhancing tissue expansion with external use of papaverine has the advantages of convenient delivery, cheapness, no more injury and infection, and no side effects etc. It is a safe, effective, simple, and reliable method for accelerating tissue expansion.

Animals ; Papaverine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Skin ; drug effects ; Surgical Flaps ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Time Factors ; Tissue Expansion ; Vasodilator Agents ; administration & dosage

Objective To determine the results of treatment combining all-trans-retinoic acid(ATRA)in childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL).Methods 22 children with newly diagnosed APL received induction therapy with ATRA followed by 3 courses of consolidation chemotherapy:daunorubicin,idarubicin,homoharringtonine or aclacinomycin plus cytosine arabinoside.A maintenance therapy was then administered with ATRA and these reigems for 36 months.Results Early deaths from diffuse intravazcular clotting and intracranial hemorrhage occurred in two patients.The other children achieved a complete remission(CR).By June 2007,the estimated disease-free survival rates at 1,3 and 5 years were 100%,93.3% and 84.7%;respectively.The side effects of ATRA were xerosis eutis and xerocheilia,headaches,nausea and vomiting,hepatic function lesion and ATRA syndrome.Conclusion Remission induction therapy with ATRA is effective and safe for newly diagnosed childhood APL.The maintenance therapy combined chemotherapy with ATRA can improve the long-term effects of APL patients.The main causes of death in APL children is diffuse intravascular clotting and intracranial hemorrhage.The side effects of ATRA can be tolerated.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the curative effect of Jieminqufeng decoction to the rats of allergic rhinitis and study the mechanism by which it treats allergic rhinitis. METHOD: Forty wistar rats were divided into 4 groups at random. There are Jieminqufeng decoction group, cetirizine group, model control group and normal control group. The rats of allergic rhinitis were established with ovalbumin. We surveyed the behavioral changes of rats, searched eosinophilic granulocytes in the nasal secretion, detected the contents of cAMP and cGMP in the blood plasma and nasal mucosa. RESULT: The model control group had typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis and the eosinophilic granulocytes could be found more frequently. The contents of cAMP and cAMP/cGMP rose in the blood plasma and nasal mucosa (P < 0.01). However, the changes of jieminqufeng decoction group were small. CONCLUSION The jieminqufeng decoction is an effective drug to allergic rhinitis. Its possible mechanism is that it changes the contents of cAMP and cGMP, lessens inflammatory reaction and blocks up the allergy.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cyclic AMP ; analysis ; Cyclic GMP ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; drug therapy