Aim To study the effect and investigate the underlying mechanism of astragaloside Ⅳ on contraction and relaxation in isolated rat aortic rings.Methods The relaxation effect of astragaloside Ⅳ(1～100 mg?L~(-1))on phenylephrine-preconstricted aorta ring was recorded.The effect of astragaloside Ⅳ on the contraction induced by cumulative phenylephrine,KCl or CaCl_2,was recorded respectively.Results Astragaloside Ⅳ dilated aortic vessels in a dose-dependent manner,which was partly inhibited by preincubation with non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor,guanylyl cyclase inhibitor and cyclooxygenases inhibitor indomethacin.Astragaloside IV could also antagonize phenylephrine-,KCl-and CaCl_2-induced vessel contraction.Conclusion Astragaloside IV dilated aortic vessels partially though endothelium-dependent NO pathway and inhibited vessel contraction via interfering Ca~(2+) influx.

Objective To investigate the effect of mixed-skin grafting with autologous microskin and allogenetic acellular dermal matrix microskin on wound healing in rats,and to make a further study on the related mechanism.Methods Wistar rats were served as a allogenetic acellular dermal matrix donor rats,and SD rats as acceptors with mould of full thickness skin defects on their back.The ninety SD rats were divided into 5 groups with 18 rats in each group.Group 1 was transplanted with autologous microskin,and group 2 with allogenetic acellular dermal matrix microskin.Groups 3,4 and 5 were grafted with mixed-skin ratio between autologous microskin and allogenetic acellular dermal matrix microskin 1 ∶ 1,1 ∶ 0.5 and 1 ∶ 0.25,repectively.The rate of wound healing was measured,wound samples collected,hematoxylin and eosin stain carried out,fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LN)detected,and intergroup comparison made,respectively,2,3 and 4 weeks after skin grafting.Results The wound healing rates and FN and LN expression of mixed-skin grafting groups were higher than those of the group with autologous microskin grafting.The group of 1 ∶ 0.25 obviously increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions The wound healing rate with mixed-skin grafting is higher than that with autologous microskin grafting.The best effect is achieved when the skin ratio between autologous microskin and allogenetic acellular dermal matrix microskin is 1 ∶ 0.25.It is possibly due to the increase of FN and LN on wound skin surface.

Aim To investigate the growth-inhibition and the mechanism of apoptosis induced by sophoridine(SRI) on SW620 cells.Method MTT assay was used to detect the half-inhibition concentration(IC50),and fluorescence microscopy,electron microscopy,DNA fragmentation analysis,flow cytometry(FCM) were used to demonstrate the presence of apoptosis.Results SRI inhibited the growth of SW620 cells significantly in a dose-and time-dependent manner,and morphological characteristics of apoptosis were observed with condensation of nucleus,bubble of cytoplasm,fragment of nucleus.A DNA ladder pattern of internucleosomalfragmentation was observed.Compared with that of control group,the percentage of the G0/G1 phase and the Sphase cells increased after treated by SRI.SW620 cells were induced to undergo apoptosis and underwent G0/G1 arrest with exposure to SRI shown by FCM.Conclusions Sophoridine could induce the inhibition of cell growth by means of apoptosis in a dose-and time-dependent manner,and the blocking of G0/G1 phase of cells was involved in the mechanism of apoptosis.

Objective To explore the appropriate treatment according to the grading system of adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis.Methods A retrospective study was performed in 115 adolescent patients with idiopathic cervical kyphosis.The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the magnitude of kyphosis.The initial Cobb angle of 4 groups were 12.7°±1.4° 25.4°±4.8°,47.2°±4.4° and 62.6°±5.7° respectively.The patients in group I were treated with the collar support for 4-8 weeks.The patients in group Ⅱ were treated with skull traction (3-5 kg) and then fixed by cranio-cervical-thoracic plaster.According to the angles between the tangents of posterior vertebral body at each level on lateral cervical radiograph in extension,the anterior fusion levels of the group Ⅲ and angles and range of osteotomy in the group Ⅳ were decided.In group Ⅳ,the patients were treated by two steps.The anterior release and posterior osteotomy were performed firstly.Then skull traction (1/10 body weight) was maintained in order to correct the deformity for 7-10 days,fusion and anterior fusion with autologous bone graft and internal fixation was completed.Results Post-operative radiograph showed that Cobb angle were -5.5°±2.0°,-8.2°±6.1°,-4.5°±6.6° and -2.9°±7.9° in Ⅰ-Ⅳ group after treatment.The deformed appearance of the patients improved significantly.A improvement neck pain and neurologic function were found in all patients.Post-operative MRI showed that physiological curve of the cervical spine was restored,and the cerebrospinal fluid line was clear in the previous kyphosis area.Conclusion Adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis has specific characteristics.Surgical strategy is determined by the severity of deformity.

Objective To explore the clinical value of transumbilica single-port laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of bilateral varicocele.Methods From Jan. 2010 to Sep. 2010,42 patients with bilateral varicocele underwent laparoscopic high ligation of bilateral spermatic vein.Of these patients,20 were treated with transumbilica single-port laparoscopic surgery,22 with traditional laparoscopic surgery.The two groups of patients were compared for the parameters such as intraoperative blood loss,testicular artery preservation,operating time,time of activities after surgery,time of intestinal function recovery and hospitalization duration.The semen quality 1 year after the surgery was compared with that before treatment.At the out-patient re-examination at 1,3,6months and 1 year after the surgery,the incision,scrotum,spermatic cord,testis were checked for possible complications.The relief of discomfortness in the scrotum was also followed up.Results Both operation procedures were successful,without severe complications.In the single-port laparoscopic surgery produced blood lose ( [ 5 ± 1 ] ml vs.[ 5 ± 1 ] ml,t =- 0.452,P ＞ 0.05 ),the operating time ( [ 41 ± 7 ] min vs.[ 39 ± 3 ] min,t =0.686,P ＞ 0.05 ),postoperative intestinal function recovery time ( [ 11 + 1 ] h vs.[ 11 + 2 ] h,t =- 1.631,P ＞0.05 ) and postoperative hospital stay ( [ 3.1 + 0.7 ] d vs.[ 3.4 + 0.7 ] d,t =- 1.447,P ＞ 0.05 ) which were all comparable to that from conventional laparoscopic surgery.There was significant difference in the population using analgesics,single-port laparoscopic surgery vs.conventional laparoscopic surgery ( 1 case [ 5.0％ ] vs 7case [ 31.8％ ].The difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.886,P ＜ 0.05 ).The single-port laparoscopic surgery produced neglectable scar at the incision.All of the patients were questionaired for their satisfaction with the incision 1 year after the surgery.The difference was statistically significant (x2 =7.636,P ＜ 0.01 )Conclusion Single-port laparoscopic high ligation of bilateral spermatic vein produces comparable outcomes to that of conventional laparoscopic surgery,but it is a more microinvasive procedure producing good aesthetic appearance,representing the trend of laparoscopic technique.

It is important to investigate the mechanical effects of morphology of prostatic urethra (PU) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PU and bladder neck transverse diameter ratio (RPU-1), which related to vortex, and their influence on urine flow were observed by CFD. The results showed that vortexes appeared and expanded with increasing RPU on both sides of PU when RPU-1>0.79, and velocity of external urethral orifice decreased gradually. CFD is an available method for urodynamics research. The quantitative simulation of the relationship between RPU-1 and vortex was proposed for the first time, providing a new idea for advancing theory of PU lumen repair in BPH.

Objective To test the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) during acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndome (ARDS) after the interference with anticoagulation and fibrinolytic in an attempt to find a possible treatment plan for ALI/ARDS.Methods Oleic acid-induced ALI models were used in this study.A total of 96 rats were randomly assigned oleic acid group,salvianolate group,urokinase group,and saline group according to the random number table,with 24 animals per group.In oleic acid group,oleic acid (0.2 ml/kg,caudally) was administered alone.In addition to the oleic acid,the rats in salvianolate and urokinase groups received caudal injection with 10 ml/kg of 0.06％ salvianolate and 5,000 U/kg of urokinase respectively.In saline group,saline solution with an equal volume of oleic acid was caudally administered alone.Effect of the early use of salvianolate and urokinase on levels of VEGF in BALF was measured.Clinically,patients with ALI/ARDS composing survivor and death groups were enrolled and assessed by acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) score.Besides,healthy population was included as the controls to comparatively analyze the levels of VEGF in BALF in ALI/ARDS group.Results Of the rat models of ALI,early use of salvianolate or urokinase was associated with elevated level of VEGF in BALF (P ＜0.05),which subsequently attenuated the lung injury.In the clinical research,it was found that the level of VEGF in BALF in ALI/ARDS group was much lower than that in control group [(45.9 ± 5.7) pg/ml vs (60.6 ± 4.5) pg/ml] (P ＜ 0.01).The level of VEGF in BALF was negatively correlated with APACHE Ⅱor MODS scores (r =-0.542,-0.659,P ＜ 0.01).Moreover,patients in death group appeared lower VEGF level in BALF than those in survivor group(t =2.68,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion VEGF level in BALF can be taken as an indicator of patient condition and outcome.Early use of anticoagulation or thrombolytic drugs may play a positive role on patients with ALI/ARDS.

Objective To find out the accurate resonance frequencies and vibration characteristics of intestine,lung,kidney,stomach,heart and liver of rat and rabbit in low frequency and to provide basic data for the study of organs' resonance injury and reaction.Methods Eight rats and eight rabbits were anaesthetized with 1.5％ sodium pentobarbital and acceleration sensor was fixed to the surface of their bowels.The rats were fastened on their back on the veneer hung horizontally by rubber band.The veneer was hammered upward from the down side,and the biggest value of frequency spectrum was considered the resonance frequency.Rabbits were fastened on their back on vibration platform and 2 mm amplitude vibration was given with the sweeping-frequency from 2 Hz to 50 Hz.The bowels amplitudes on each frequency point were measured.The frequency corresponding to the biggest amplitude was considered the resonance frequency.Results The resonance frequencies of rat intestine,lung,kidney,stomach,heart and liver were respectively 3.8,3.2,6.6,7.0,4,6 and 3.0 Hz within frequency interval of 0 Hz to 20 Hz.The resonance frequencies of rabbit intestine,lung,kidney,stomach,heart and liver were respectively 6.0,5.0,7.0,8.0,6.0 and 7.0 Hz within frequency interval of 2 Hz to 50 Hz.The vibration amplitude of lung was the biggest at the resonance frequency.The resonance frequencies of both rat and rabbit bowels showed no statistical correlations to body weights,bowel mass and bowel volumes.Conclusion Bowel resonance frequencies of rat and that of rabbit are evidently statistical different except for that of kidney.The resonance frequency values of rabbit bowels are closer to that of dog and monkey than to that of rat.Thus the resonance injury characteristic of rabbit bowels can be the research basis for dog,monkey,and even human bowels resonance injury.

Objective To study the characteristics of the sciatic nerve injuries inflicted by highvelocity triangle fragments in swine.Methods According to the injury position,14 swines weighing (34.29±5.2)kg were divided into two groups.All swines were shot by 0.37 g triangle fragments at (773.1±12.4)m/s aimed at the midpoint of the lateral body surface projection of the right sciatic nerve in Group A(n=7)and at 2 cm aside from sciatic nerve in Group B(n=7).The entrance,exit and length of wound tract,distance between nerve and wound tract were detected,and the pathology of sciatic nerve and wound tract at 48 hours after injury were observed under light microscope and electron microscope.Results The course of the fragments was deviated to different extent.Six sciatic nerves were in primary wound tract,four of which were lacerated and ruptured at different degrees.The light microscope showed pathological changes including severe hemorrhage and edema,leukocytic infiltration,neurotmesis,axonotmesis and light myelin coloration;while electron microscope showed severe degeneration of myelin sheath and neuraxon distortion.Six nerves(one in Group A and five in Group B)were in the concussion zone,with the distance between sciatic nerve and primary wound tract for(2.07±0.45)cm.Hyporrhea and hyperemia under perilemma and perineurium,partial nerve fiber disrupt and axonotmesis were observed by light microscope and partly myelin sheath delamination by electron microscope.Two nerves (one in Group A and another in Group B)were in the contusion zone,with moderate pathological changes.Conclusions The track of high velocity triangle fragments is unstable in the tissues.High disrupt rate,severe and wide extent lesion,early Wallerian degeneration are the main characteristics of direct injuries of swine's sciatic nerves.Indirect injuries can induce pathologic changes too,for which the lesion severity is related to the distance between nerves and primary wound tract.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study is to comprehensively explore the risk factors of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in China.

METHODSTwo groups of data based on distinct resources were analyzed to explore the risk factors of POAG. One group of data was based on hospital records between 1995 and 2000 which composed of 107 patients with POAG and 149 controls without POAG. The other group of data was based on 40 patients with POAG and 120 matched controls without POAG. The former was designed by non-matched case control study, the latter was done by 1:3 matched case control study. The relationships between POAG and the factors such as age, sex, family history, diabetes, hypertension, intraocular pressure (IOP), cardiovascular diseases, smoking, drinking and mutation of TIGR gene were studied by logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThe simple factor analysis showed that the risk of POAG was related to age, family history, hypertension, IOP, cardiovascular diseases, smoking, drinking and the mutation of TIGR gene (T353I). However, logistic regression analysis confirmed that POAG mainly related to IOP, family history, hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake and the mutation of TIGR gene.

CONCLUSIONThe most important risk factor of POAG was IOP. Family history, hypertension, smoking and the mutation of TIGR gene were also important risk factors of POAG. However, alcohol intake was a protective factor for POAG.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Eye Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Glycoproteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects