Bronchodilator Agents ; therapeutic use ; Budesonide ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Laryngitis ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVE To observe the curative effect of Jieminqufeng decoction to the rats with allergic rhinitis. METHODS Fourty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. There were Jieminqufeng decoction group (A),cetirizine group (B),model control group(C) and normal control group (D). The rats with allergic rhinitis were established with ovalbumin. The behavioral changes of the rats were observed. The histological and cellular morphological changes were studied with light microscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS The model control (C) group had typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis. By light microscope and transmission electron microscope,a lot of eosinophilic granulocytes were found in nasal mucosa. The mucosal cells were lost or destroyed. However,the histological and cellular morphological changes of nasal mucosa in Group A,B were similar to that in Group D. CONCLUSION The Jieminqufeng decoction is an effective drug to treatment of allergic rhinitis. It can decrease the aggregation and activation of eosinophilic granulocytes,lessen inflammatory reaction and block up the allergy.

In this paper, we lay down a homogenization training standard for resident standardized training through a joint discussion among experts from three national resident standardized training bases. The aim of the homogenization of resident standardized training quality shall be reached through the synchronous implementation of tutorial system and comprehensive formative evaluation, the strengthening of training quality process management and the promotion and advancement of training quality of resident standardized training.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the curative effect of Jieminqufeng decoction to the rats of allergic rhinitis and study the mechanism by which it treats allergic rhinitis. METHOD: Forty wistar rats were divided into 4 groups at random. There are Jieminqufeng decoction group, cetirizine group, model control group and normal control group. The rats of allergic rhinitis were established with ovalbumin. We surveyed the behavioral changes of rats, searched eosinophilic granulocytes in the nasal secretion, detected the contents of cAMP and cGMP in the blood plasma and nasal mucosa. RESULT: The model control group had typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis and the eosinophilic granulocytes could be found more frequently. The contents of cAMP and cAMP/cGMP rose in the blood plasma and nasal mucosa (P < 0.01). However, the changes of jieminqufeng decoction group were small. CONCLUSION The jieminqufeng decoction is an effective drug to allergic rhinitis. Its possible mechanism is that it changes the contents of cAMP and cGMP, lessens inflammatory reaction and blocks up the allergy.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cyclic AMP ; analysis ; Cyclic GMP ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVE To investigate in vitro activities of 12 antimicrobial agents including cefmetazole against extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli(528 strains),Klebsiella pneumoniae(311 strains) and Proteus mirabilis(15 strains).METHODS They all collected from 15 teaching hospitals in China during 2005 and 2006 and included in the study.The levels of minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 12 antimicrobial agents were determined by agar dilution method.WHONET 5.4 Software was used to analyze the data.RESULTS Against ESBLs-producing E.coli and ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae,carbapenems were the most active antimicrobial agents(all 100.0% susceptible),followed by cephamycins(80.1-97.3%).Piperacillin/tazobactam(78.5-95.1%)showed a higher activity than cefoperazone/sulbactam(44.1-56.2%).The susceptible rate to ceftazidime against ESBLs-producing E.coli was remarkably higher than the other three cephalosporins,however the differences did not happen to ESBL-producing K.pneumoniae obviously.The susceptible rate to cefuroxime was below 1.6%.ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae showed high sensitivity to carbapenems,cephamycins and ?-lactam/lactamase inhibitor combinations(all 100% susceptible),however the susceptible rates to cephalosporins were relatively lower.CONCLUSIONS Carbapenems and cephamycins remain the relatively high activity against ESBLs-producing Enterobacteriaceae.

Objective:To investigate the effect of miRNA-106b (miR-106b) on human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Hep-2 and TU212 cells and its mechanism.Methods:Hep-2 and TU212 cells were divided into miR-106b inhibitory sequence transfected group (the experimental group), miR-106b competitive negative sequence transfected group (the negative control group) and non-intervention group (the blank group). The inhibitory effect of miR-106b inhibitory sequence on the expression of miR-106b was verified by using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Whether phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was the target gene of miR-106b was analyzed by using bioinformatics and luciferase report vector. PTEN small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to inhibit the expression of PTEN in Hep-2 and TU212 cells. Transwell method and Western blot were used to detect the change of invasion ability of Hep-2 and TU212 cells after miR-106b silencing or the PTEN intervening, and the expression change of PTEN, epithelial cadherin and vimentin.Results:The relative expression levels of miR-106b in Hep-2 and TU212 cells in the experimental group were 0.110 ± 0.037 and 0.074 ± 0.009, respectively, which were lower than those in the negative control group (1.013±0.059 and 1.035±0.062, respectively; all P < 0.05). In Transwell experiments, the number of invasive cells in each field of Hep-2 and TU212 cells in the experimental group was less than that in the negative control group [(37.09±4.02) vs. (95.65±4.77), (29.16±2.49) vs. (103.19±6.08), all P < 0.05]. The bioinformatics analysis results showed that 3'-UTR region of PTEN mRNA was complementary to 3'-UTR region of miR-106b. Dual-luciferase reporter system analysis showed that the luciferase reporter activity of wild-type PTEN gene transfected with miR-106b was decreased to (22.84±2.68)%, and that of mutant PTEN gene transfected with miR-106b was almost unchanged [(92.08±3.44)%], and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). The expression level of PTEN protein of Hep-2 and TU212 cells in the experimental group was higher than that in the negative control group. Transwell method showed that the number of invasive cells in each field of Hep-2 and TU212 cells in the experimental group with the inhibition of PTEN expression was more than that in the experimental group without the inhibition of PTEN expression [(65.08±3.57) vs. (26.72±2.58), (57.38±4.96) vs. (31.81±2.97), all P < 0.05]. Western blot showed that the expression level of epithelial-cadherin was up-regulated and vimentin was down-regulated of Hep-2 and TU212 cells in the experimental group with the inhibition of PTEN expression. Conclusions:The human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Hep-2 and TU212 cell miR-106b can influence the downstream invasion-related protein of PTEN and change the cell invasion ability through the targeted regulation of PTEN expression.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of hospital-and community-acquired pathogens collected from 10 teaching hospitals located at different areas in China in 2006.METHODS According to the study protocol,the strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae,meticillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA),Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were collected and sent to the central lab for reidentification and susceptibility testing.The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of antimicrobial agents against Str.pneumoniae were determined by Etest method and MICs of antimicrobial agents against S.aureus,E.coli and K.pneumoniae strains were determined by agar dilution method.WHONET5.4 software was used to analyze the data.RESULTS Among 353 Str.pneumoniae strains,74.2% were penicillin-susceptible(PSSP),9.6% were penicillin-intermediate(PISP) and 16.2% were penicillin-resistant(PRSP).Strains from different hospitals showed different sensitivity to penicillin.Among ?-lactam antibiotics,cefuroxime showed the lowest susceptibility rate of 0%(for PRSP) to 76.7%(for PSSP).The susceptibility rate to ceftriaxone and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was 98.1% and 98.9% in PSSP group,61.8% and 64.7% in PISP group,and 15.8% and 10.5% in PRSP group.The ESBLs rate was 56.2% among 267 Escherichia strains and 42.7% among 206 K.pneumoniae strains.For ESBLs-producing strains,the susceptibility rates to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were low and the rate to ceftazidime was relatively high among ?-lactam antibiotics.73.4% MSSA strains produced ?-lactamase.?-Lactam antibiotics tested showed high susceptibility against MSSA strains.The susceptibility rate was 98.9-100%.The susceptibility rate to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was 80.8% and 88.1%,separately.CONCLUSIONS Fluoroquinolones show high susceptibility against Str.pneumoniae.Ceftriaxone and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid have relatively high susceptibility among ?-lactams.For MSSA and non-ESBLs-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae strains,?-lactams show high susceptibility.For ESBLs-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae strains,the susceptibility rates to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone are low and that to ceftazidime,cefepime and cefoperazone-sulbactam are relatively high.

Objective:To investigate the 2 years’ efficacy of intravesical instillation of domestic BCG versus epirubicin in the prevention of recurrence of intermediate-risk or high-risk non-muscular invasive bladder cancer and predictive factors of BCG instillation.Methods:From July 2015 to June 2020, 18-75 years old patients with moderate to high-risk non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) confirmed by pathological examination were involved. The ECOG score was 0-2. Exclusion criteria included ①immune deficiency or impairment (such as AIDS), using immunosuppressive drugs or radiotherapy, suspected allergic to BCG or epirubicin or excipients of the two drugs, fever or acute infectious diseases including active tuberculosis or receiving anti tuberculosis treatment, with severe chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or chronic kidney disease; ②combined with other urogenital system tumors or other organ tumors; ③combined with muscle invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma (≥T 2); ④undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy within 4 weeks (immediate instillation after surgery not included); ⑤ pregnant or lactating women; ⑥ comfirmed or suspected bladder perforation; ⑦gross hematuria; ⑧cystitis with severe bladder irritation that may affect the evaluation; ⑨participat in other clinical trials within 3 months; ⑩alcohol or drug addiction; ?any risk factors that may increasing the risk of patients. Epirubicin 50 mg was irrigated immediately after the operation(TURBT or laser resection). The patients were randomly divided into BCG15 group, BCG19 group and epirubicin group by the ratio of 2∶2∶1, and the patients were maintained intravescical instillation for 1 year. The recurrence and adverse events of the three groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to predict the risk factors of BCG irrigated therapy failure. Result:By June 15, 2020, the median follow-up duration was 22.1 months(12.1, 32.3), and there was no statistical difference between the groups ( P=0.9024). There were 274 patients enrolled in BCG19 group, 277 patients enrolled in BCG15 group and 130 patients enrolled in the epirubicin group. The drop-off rate was 16.6%(113 cases)and made no difference between groups( P=0.6222). There were no significant difference in age, gender, BMI, or ECOG score( P>0.05). During the follow-up, 116 cases was detected recurrence or progression. The recurrence rate of the three groups was 14.2% and 14.8% in BCG19 group and BCG15 group, and 27.7% in the epirubicin group. There was no difference in recurrence rate between BCG19 and BCG15 group( P=0.9464). The recurrence rate of BCG19 group was lower than that of the epirubicin group ( P=0.0017). The recurrence rate of BCG15 group was lower than that of the epirubicin group ( P=0.0020). There was no difference in the cumulative recurrence free survival rate between BCG19 and BCG15 group (95% CI0.57-1.46, P=0.7173). The cumulative recurrence free survival rate of BCG 19 group was better than that of the epirubicin group( HR=0.439, 95% CI0.26-0.74, P=0.0006), and the cumulative recurrence free survival rate of BCG15 group was better than that of the epirubicin group ( HR=0.448, 95% CI0.29-0.80, P=0.0021). The total incidence of adverse events in 19 BCG19, BCG15 and epirubicin group were 74.5%, 72.6% and 69.8% respectively. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse events between BCG19 and BCG15 group( P=0.6153). The incidence of adverse events in epirubicin group was lower than that of BCG19( P=0.0051) and BCG15( P=0.0167) groups.There was no significant difference in the incidence of serious adverse events (SAE) among the three groups ( P=0.5064). Log rank test univariate analysis and Cox risk regression model multivariate analysis showed that the history of bladder cancer recurrence( HR=6.397, 95% CI1.95-20.94, P=0.0001)was independent risk factor for BCG irrigation failure. Conclusions:The 2 years’ efficacy of intravesical instillation of domestic BCG is better than than of epirubicin with good tolerance and safety. There is no difference between BCG19 and BCG15 group. BCG doesn’t increase SAE compared with epirubicin. Recurrence status was an independent prognostic factor regarding recurrence-free survival.

The acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults have a higher rate of neurological injury and early death compared with atlas or axial fractures alone. Currently, the diagnosis and treatment choices of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults are controversial because of the lack of standards for implementation. Non-operative treatments have a high incidence of bone nonunion and complications, while surgeries may easily lead to the injury of the vertebral artery, spinal cord and nerve root. At present, there are no evidence-based Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults. To provide orthopedic surgeons with the most up-to-date and effective information in treating acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field of spinal trauma to develop the Evidence-based guideline for clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults ( version 2023) by referring to the "Management of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults" published by American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)/Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) in 2013 and the relevant Chinese and English literatures. Ten recommendations were made concerning the radiological diagnosis, stability judgment, treatment rules, treatment options and complications based on medical evidence, aiming to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults.