Objective To investigate the map and pattern of blood oxygen level dependent(BOLD)signal changes correlated to interictal epileptiform discharges(IEDs)with EEG-fMRI in patients with partial epilepsy and then to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of epileptic discharges and their effect on brain function in partial epilepsy.Methods Through the method of EEG-fMRI,2 patients with parial epilepsy were studied.The relationship between the regions of BOLD signal changes linked to IEDs and the electroelinical localization of epileptogenic zone in patients with partial epilepsy were investigated.Results The epileptogenic areas localized by electroclinical findings in the 2 patients all showed maximal activation and 2 sites of significant activation were found in 1 of the 2 patients;Weak activation were also manifested in the opposite side corresponding to lesions.Conclusions IED-linked BOLD response in patients with partial epilepsy is mainly in epileptogenic zones and weak activation can also be seen in the corresponding contralateral areas of epileptogenic zoiles.Activation areas ale well concordant with epileptogenie areas localized by electroclinical findings.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and risk factors of diabetic foot recurrence infection in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Methods: A total of 158 patients with diabetic foot infection from January 2014 to December 2017 admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were selected in the study.There were 90 patients with diabetic foot recurrence.The clinical data of patients with recurrent infection and non-recurrent infection were compared and analyzed.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors associated with recurrent infection of diabetic foot. Results: Ninety patients with recurrent infection of diabetic foot were cultured with 108 strains of pathogens, of which Gram-positive(G+ ), Gram-negative(G-), and other pathogens accounted for 54.63%(59 strains), 39.81%(43 strains), 5.56%(6 strains), respectively.The differences in disease duration, age, white blood cell count, hs-CRP, hemoglobin, fibrinogen, albumin levels, and Wanger grade 4 to 5 ratio, peripheral vascular lesions of the lower extremities, recent use of antibiotics and the healing time of ulcers in patients of diabetic foot recurrence and non-recurrent infections were statistically significant(t=6.003, 6.132, 3.144, 4.322, 4.513, 11.179, 7.164, χ²=4.269, 8.613, 25.083, 23.298, all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the independent risk factors for diabetic foot recurrence were peripheral vascular lesions of the lower extremities, recent use of antimicrobial agents, ulcer healing time more than 65 days(χ²=5.134, 4.807, 10.512, all P<0.05). Conclusion The results show that patients with ulcer healing time more than 65 days, vascular lesions around the lower extremities, and diabetic foot who recently used antibiotics have a higher risk of recurrent infections.Close observation should be made to take early precautionary measures based on the patients' own condition.

Using simultaneous EEG-correlated functional MRI (EEG-fMRI), we studied the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals in a juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) patient with interictal epileptiform discharges. Extensive and symmetric activation and deactivation areas were assessed in bilateral hemispheric regions respectively, and these signals decreased gradually from the parieto-occipital region to the frontal region. Activations were found in cuneus, insulae, mesial midfrontal region, midline and bilateral cerebellum and thalamus, while the deactivities were in the bilateral anterior frontal region and parietal region as well as the posterior cingulate gyri. These findings suggest that the synchronized neuronal activities represented by spike and wave complex in EEG be reflected in the activation of BLOD signals in thalamocortical regions. However, those regions of deactivation reflect the suspension of the default state of brain function resulting indirectly from this discharge. There is good correspondence between neuronal activity (EEG) and fMRI. The combination of EEG and fMRI is a powerful tool in studying brain function.
Adolescent ; Brain ; blood supply ; physiopathology ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile ; physiopathology ; Oxygen ; blood

Functional hubs with disproportionately extensive connectivities play a crucial role in global information integration in human brain networks. However, most resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) studies have identified functional hubs by examining spontaneous fluctuations of the blood oxygen level-dependent signal within a typical low-frequency band (e.g., 0.01-0.08 Hz or 0.01-0.1 Hz). Little is known about how the spatial distributions of functional hubs depend on frequency bands of interest. Here, we used repeatedly measured R-fMRI data from 53 healthy young adults and a degree centrality analysis to identify voxelwise frequency-resolved functional hubs and further examined their test-retest reliability across two sessions. We showed that a wide-range frequency band (0.01-0.24 Hz) accessible with a typical sampling rate (f_sample = 0.5 Hz) could be classified into three frequency bands with distinct patterns, namely, low-frequency (LF, 0.01-0.06 Hz), middle-frequency (MF, 0.06-0.16 Hz), and high-frequency (HF, 0.16-0.24 Hz) bands. The functional hubs were mainly located in the medial and lateral frontal and parietal cortices in the LF band, and in the medial prefrontal cortex, superior temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, and several cerebellar regions in the MF and HF bands. These hub regions exhibited fair to good test-retest reliability, regardless of the frequency band. The presence of the three frequency bands was well replicated using an independent R-fMRI dataset from 45 healthy young adults. Our findings demonstrate reliable frequency-resolved functional connectivity hubs in three categories, thus providing insights into the frequency-specific connectome organization in healthy and disordered brains.
Brain/diagnostic imaging* ; Connectome/methods* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rest ; Young Adult