Objective To explore the effect of treadmill training on expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Methods 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group and treadmill training group, with 10 rats in each group. The latter 2 groups were modeled with middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hours and reperfusion. The treadmill training group underwent treadmill exercise on the 3rd day after modeling for 12 days. Neurological function was evaluated with modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS). The neuronal pathological change in ischemic cortex was observed with HE staining. The expressions of GFAP and BDNF in cortex were determined by Western blotting. Results Com-pared with the model group, the mNSS scores decreased in the treadmill training group (F=9.931, P<0.01), the pathological damage in the ischemia cortex significantly lessened, and the expressions of GFAP (t=6.73) and BDNF (t=3.78) increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Treadmill training may increase the expression of GFAP and BDNF after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats, and promote the recovery of neurologi-cal function.

Objective:To investigate the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (HER4) and metastasis-related protein (MMP-9) in human esophageal carcinoma tissues, and their relationship with clinicopathological features of the disease. Methods:Immunohistochemical Envision technique was applied to detect the expressions of HER4 and MMP-9 in 45 specimens of esophageal carcinoma tissues, paracancerous tissues and normal tissues. Statistical method was used to analyze the association of the positivity of HER4 with clinical pathological index and MMP-9 expression.Results:The positive rates of HER4 expression were 73.3%, 33.3%, and 2.2% in 45 specimens of esophageal carcinoma tissues, paracancerous tissues, and normal tissues, respectively. The expression of HER4 was correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.01), but not correlated with histological grade (P>0.05). The expression of MMP-9 correlated with T stage, invasion depth, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusion:The expression of HER4 is apparently different in esophageal carcinoma tissues, paracancerous tissues, and normal tissues. Its positive expression in esophageal carcinoma tissues is correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. The expression of MMP-9 in esophageal carcinoma tissues is correlated with the T stage, TNM staging, and lymph node metastasis. The positive expression of HER4 in esophageal carcinoma tissues is associated with the expressions of MMP-9.

Objective To investigate the distribution and characteristics of iodine excess areas in Liaocheng City of Shandong Province, and to provide data evidence for taking intervention measures. Methods From 2011 to 2013, 1 - 3 samples of drinking water were collected from all administrative villages in 8 counties (cities and districts) of Liaocheng.At the same time,1 sample of edible salt was collected from the household where water samples were collected. Arsenic and cerium spectrophotometry was used for the detection of water iodine and salt iodine was detected by semi-quantitative method. The region were divide according to the definition of "Water Source Excess Iodine Area and Excess Iodine Disease Area"(GB/T 19380-2016)and"Division of Iodine Deficiency Disorders Area"(GB 16005-2009).Results A total of 7 794 water samples were collected in 5 865 villages of 134 towns and the iodine median was 158.2 μg/L. The median of water iodine of 57 samples was less than 10 μg/L in drinking water and the ratio was 0.7%;2 286 samples were 10- 100 μg/L and the ratio was 29.3%; 5 451 samples were over 100 μg/L and the ratio was 69.9%. The towns with suitable water iodine (10 - 100 μg/L) and high water iodine ( > 100 μg/L) were 24.6%(33/134)and 75.4%(101/134), respectively, and no iodine deficiency town was found. The areas with high water iodine were distributed in patchy or foci. A total of 3 300 salt samples were collected,among them,iodized salt was 1 183(35.58%,1 183/3 300)and non-iodized salt was 2 117(64.15%,2 117/3 300). Among them, there were 36 towns with high iodine content and 20 towns with suitable iodine content, and the iodized salt coverage rates were 10.72% (225/2 099) and 79.77% (958/1 201),respectively.Conclusions The population of Liaocheng City is at risk of iodine excess.The high iodine areas coexists with suitable iodine areas.

Objective:To explore the effects of anterior temporal lobectomy on the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score, memory of patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods:104 patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy admitted to our hospital from June 2013 to June 2019 were selected, of which 68 cases were treated surgically as the observation group and 36 cases were treated medically as the control group. MMSE score, memory and social functions were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.59%, which was significantly higher than 83.33% of the control group ( P<0.05). The MMSE score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 1 month and 6 months after treatment ( P<0.05); the MMSE score of the control group at 6 months after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment ( P<0.05). Six months after treatment, performance intelligence quotient (PIQ), verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) and full intelligence quotient (FIQ) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05), and there was significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). The memory quotient (MQ) of observation group was lower than that of control group 1 month after treatment ( P<0.05), and higher than that of control group six months after treatment ( P<0.05). Six months after treatment, the scores of social function and comprehensive quality of life in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05), and there were significant differences between the two groups ( P<0.05). There were 4 cases of complications in the observation group after treatment, all of them improved after drug treatment, without other serious complications. Conclusions:Anterior temporal lobectomy is effective in the treatment of refractory temporal lobe epilepsy, it can improve cognitive and memory functions and social behavior function of patients, and has less complications after operation, with certain clinical application value.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the prolongation of the QTc interval and carotid atherosclerosis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:CIinical data of 212 elderly patients with T2DM admitted to our hospital from February 2016 to February 2019 were retrospectively collected.Based on carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT), patients were divided into the CIMT≥1.0 mm group(n=110)and the CIMT<1.0 mm group (n=102). Meanwhile, patients were divided into the prolonged QTc interval group(QTc interval>440 ms, n=50)and the normal QTc interval group(QTc interval≤440 ms, n=162), base on the adjusted QTc interval.General clinical data were compared between the groups, and the logistic regression equation was used to analyze the related factors for carotid atherosclerosis.Results:Higher values of age, duration of disease, systolic blood pressure(SBP), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), triglycerides(TG), creatinine(Cr), uric acid and C-reactive protein(CRP)were found in the CIMT≥1.0 mm group than in the CIMT<1.0 mm group( P<0.05). The QTc interval was longer in the CIMT≥1.0 mm group than in the CIMT<1.0 mm group[(419.2 ± 42.6) ms vs. (396.5 ± 45.2) ms, t=3.849, P<0.01]. CIMT was greater in the prolonged QTc interval group than in the normal QTc interval group[(1.2± 0.3)mm vs.(0.9±0.3) mm, t=6.956, P<0.01]. The detection rates of carotid atherosclerosis, intimal thickening and atheromatous plaques were higher in the prolonged QTc interval group than in the normal QTc interval group( 76.0% or 38 vs. 44.4% or 72, 32.0% or 16 vs.18.5% or 30 and 44.0% or 22 vs.25.9% or 42, respectively, χ2=15.239, 4.087 and 5.922, P<0.05). Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that CIMI was positively correlated with age, duration of disease, SBP, FPG, TG, Cr, uric acid, CRP and QTc interval( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the risk of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with QTc interval>440 ms was 1.761 times higher than that in patients with QTc≤440 ms( OR=1.761, 95% CI: 1.460-3.126, P<0.01). Conclusions:QTc interval prolongation is correlated with carotid atherosclerosis in elderly patients with T2DM, and attention should be paid to the QTc interval on the electrocardiogram, which is helpful to assess the risk of carotid atherosclerosis in elderly T2DM patients.

Alpinia officinarum Hance of the Chinese traditional herb for the treatment of emesis,abdominal pain and diarrhea has been used to counteract gastric disease induced by indomethacin in rats without obvious side effects.However,the role of herb-drug interaction between indomethacin and A.officinarum based on pharmacokinetic,tissue distribution and excretion still remains unknown.In this study,an ultra-fast liquid-tandem mass spectrometry(UFLC-MS/MS)method was developed for simultaneous determina-tion of indomethacin and its three metabolites,O-desmethylindomethacin(ODI),deschlor-obenzoylindomethacin(NDI)and indomethacin acyl-β-D-glucuronide(IDAβG)by oral administration of indomethacin solution with and without the ethanolic extract of A.officinarum and applied to comparative pharmacokinetic,tissue distribution and excretion studies.Our results clarified that oral administration of A.officinarum produced significant alterations in the pharmacokinetic parameters of indomethacin.And the pharmacokinetic interaction between indomethacin and A.officinarum reduced the systemic exposure of indomethacin and increased its elimination.Tissue distribution results demonstrated that co-administration of A.Officinarum could not reduce the accumulation of indo-methacin in the target tissue of the stomach,but could accelerate the excretions of indomethacin and its three metabolites including ODI,NDI and IDAβG in the bile and feces of rats in the excretion study.Therefore,A.Officinarum might have a gastrointestinal protective effect through the interaction role with indomethacin based on the pharmacokinetics and excretion in rats.

OBJECTIVE：To st udy the improvement effects and its mechan ism of alisol B 23-acetate on glycolipid metabolism disorder in obesity model mice. METHODS ：The mice was given high-fat diet for 10 weeks to induce obesity model. Model mice were randomly divided into model group ，orlistat group （positive control ，15.6 mg/kg）， alisol B 23-acetate low-dose ， medium-dose and high-dose groups （7.5，15，30 mg/kg），with 10 mice in each group. Another 10 mice fed with normal diet were set as normal group. The mice in normal group and model group were given water intragastrically ，and administration groups were given the corresponding drugs intragastrically ，with the volume of 20 mL/kg，once a day ，for consecutive 4 weeks. After last medication，body weight ，waist circumference ，body fat ，muscle and body fluid mass were measured ；the serum levels of blood lipids indicators （TC，TG，HDL-C，LDL-C）and blood glucose were determined. The levels of PPAR-γ，NF-κB and IL-6 in liver tissue as well as serum level of TNF-α were determined by ELISA. The pathomorphological changes of visceral fat and liver tissue in mice were observed by HE staining. RESULTS ：Compared with normal group ，body weight ，waist circumference ，body fat and body fluid mass were significantly increased in model group （P＜0.01）；serum levels of TC ，TG，HDL-C，blood glucose and TNF-α，the levels of PPAR-γ，NF-κB and IL-6 in liver tissue were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；the structure of adipocytes was ruptured ，the volume of adipocytes was increased ，accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration ；a large number of liver cells were edema ，and cytoplasm was loose and light stained，accompanied by fatty degeneration. Compared with model group ，the body weight ，body fat and body fluid mass as well as serum le vels of TG and TNF-α in alisol B 23-acetate groups were significantly reduced （P＜0.01）；the levels of TC and blood glucose in serum ，IL-6 in liver tissue were significantly decreased in alisol B 23-acetate medium-dose and high-dose groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），and the level of PPAR-γ in liver tissue was increased significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the waist circumference and NF-κB levels in liver tissue in alisol B 23-acetate high-dose group were decreased significantly （P＜ 0.01）；serum level of HDL-C in alisol B 23-acetate medium-dose group were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）；the adipocytes were closely arranged and small in size ；the hepatocytes were mild to moderate swelling ，a small amount of cytoplasm was loose ， light stained or vacuolated ，and a small number of hepatocytes were accompanied by steatosis and small focal infiltration of inflammatory cells. CONCLUSIONS ：Alisol B 23-acetate can improve the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism in obesity model mice ，and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of PPAR-γ，NF-κB，IL-6 levels in liver tissue and TNF-α levels in serum.

BACKGROUNDDry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears and the ocular surface. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, pranoprofen, in the treatment of dry eye.

METHODSIt is a prospective, multi-center, randomized, controlled, parallel group study. One hundred and fifteen patients with mild to moderate dry eye disease (55-60 in each treatment group) participated in this multi-center study. Patients were randomly administered with eyedrops containing 0.1% pranoprofen (PRA) plus 0.1% sodium hyaluronate (SH) or SH only, three times daily for 28 days, followed by a 1-week after treatment observation. Dry eye symptom score (DESS), fluorescein corneal staining (FLCS), tear break-up time (TBUT), and Shirmer 1 tear test (ST1, without anesthesia) were evaluated or conducted before treatment and at each study visit. Conjunctival impression cytology was taken from the patients treated with PRA plus SH before and after treatment and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the changes of human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1).

RESULTSPatients treated with PRA plus SH showed gradual improvements of DESS, FLCS, and TBUT. Between-group comparisons of FLCS and TBUT have statistically significant differences from day 14. Good tolerance with no severe adverse events was found in both groups. Patients treated with PRA plus SH had a reduced expression level of HLA-DR and were statistically different after 28 days of therapy.

CONCLUSIONSThe application of PRA at a dose of 0.1% was well tolerated and benefited to the patients with mild to moderate dry eye disease. The underlying mechanism of its efficacy may be associated with the reduction of inflammatory factors of conjunctival epithelial cells.

Adult ; Benzopyrans ; therapeutic use ; Dry Eye Syndromes ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; therapeutic use ; Propionates ; therapeutic use