1.Biomechanical study on the effect of the length of cervical anterior fusion on adjacent levels.
Jincai YANG ; Yong HAI ; Chuan PANG ; Hui LI ; Dan ZU ; Gang ZHU ; Xuguang XIA ; Baoqing PEI
Chinese Journal of Surgery 2014;52(9):692-696
OBJECTIVETo study the effect of length of cervical anterior fusion on adjacent levels by Biomechanical test.
METHODSSix fresh-frozen human cervical specimens were used in this study. The specimens were tested in flexion, extension, bending and rotation on a spine 3D test system. The specimens were tested intact and then underwent a single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) at the C4-5 first, a double-level fusion at the C4-6, and finally extended to triple-level at the C4-7, Based on a hybrid test method. Changes in overall range of motion (ROM), segmental motion and facet joints pressure during flexion, extension, bending and rotation were measured and statistically analyzed.
RESULTSThe overall ROM of the entire spinal construct decreased progressively as the single-level fixation extending to 2-level and 3-level (P < 0.05). A progressive increase in ROM above (C3-4) the fused motion segment units (MSUs) was found during flexion, extension and bending (P < 0.05). In bending and extension, a same result was recorded on the average pressure and max pressure of C3-4 facet joints (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONSThis study has demonstrated that the biomechanics at adjacent levels to a cervical spine fusion are altered and that there was progressively increased adjacent segment motion and stress as a single-level ACDF extended to a 3-level fusion, which might lead to the acceleration of adjacent segment degeneration.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cadaver ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Diskectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rotation ; Spinal Fusion ; methods
2.Thoughts on extracurricular research activities of clinical medicine undergraduates
Xuguang GUO ; Suiyan DENG ; Xiaohua TANG ; Qiong CHEN ; Yong XIA
Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research 2020;19(7):790-793
Carrying out extracurricular research activities for undergraduates in medical colleges and universities can stimulate the creativity of undergraduates. This article analyzes the significance, existing problems, and solutions of extracurricular research activities for clinical medical undergraduates. At the same time, corresponding countermeasures are proposed, including standardized training of research operations for students, time coordination of extracurricular research activities for undergraduates, and reasonable arrangement of teaching tasks for tutors. Medical students need to handle the relationship among study, community, part-time jobs, extracurricular activities, and extracurricular research, and make a rational time arrangement for participation. Young teachers in medical colleges and universities should arrange their time reasonably to undertake the corresponding tasks of research and teaching.