Objective To investigate the relation between different glucose metabolism status and the IL‐6 and IL‐18 levels . Methods The pre‐diabetes group ,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) group and healthy control group(NC) were selected with 30 ca‐ses in each group .Fasting venous blood was collected for detecting fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ,triglyceride(TG) ,total cholester‐ol (TC) ,low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels .Serum IL‐6 and IL‐18 levels were measured by adopting the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) .Results The IL‐6 and IL‐18 levels in pre‐diabetes and T2DM groups were significant increased compared with those in the NC group ,the difference was statistically signifi‐cant (P<0 .01) .The IL‐6 level was positively correlated with FPG ,TG and IL‐18(P<0 .05) ,the IL‐18 level was positively correla‐ted with FPG ,TG and IL‐6(P<0 .05) .But IL‐6 and IL‐18 were negatively correlated with HDL‐C(P<0 .05) ,however ,had no cor‐relation with TC and LDL‐C (P>0 .05) .Conclusion IL‐6 and IL‐8 participated in the pathogenesis of T2DM ,their serum concen‐trations can be used as the evaluation indexes of pre‐diabetes screening and reverse intervention effect .

A series of novel 4-substituted-3-nitrobenzamide derivatives were designed and synthesized. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed with 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and element analysis. Anti-tumor activities against HCT-116, MDA-MB435 and HL-60 cell lines in vitro were evaluated by SRB assay. The results indicated most of the target compounds exhibited potent anti-tumor activity. Compound 4a showed the most potent inhibitory activities against three cancer cell lines with the GI50 values of 1.904-2.111 micromol x L(-1). Compounds 4g, 41-4n exhibited more potent inhibitory activities against MDA-MB435 and HL-60 cell lines with the GI50 values of 1.008-3.586 micromol x L(-1) and 1.993-3.778 micromol x L(-1), respectively. The structure-activity relationship of these compounds is discussed preliminarily.

A series of [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]isoindolone derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterases (AChE). Furthermore, their effects on memory impairment of mice induced by scopolamine were investigated with step-through test. The results suggested that most of the target compounds exhibited potential inhibition on AChE with IC50 values at micromolar range. Compounds I1 (IC50 value of 0.086 μmol · L(-1)) and I2 (IC50 value of 0.080 μmol · L(-1)) showed the strongest AChE inhibitory activity, which are equipotent to donepezil (IC50 value of 0.094 μmol · L(-1)). Moreover, compounds I1-I4 could improve the memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice.

Objective To summarize the etiology and surgical treatment of obstructive infantile cholestasis.Methods Clinical data of 108 cases of obstructive infantile cholestasis was studied retrospectively from April 2009 to April 2014.Results Correct diagnosis was established in all 108 patients by laparoscopic biliary tract exploration and cholangiography.Among those,there were noncorrectable biliary atresia in 81 cases (75.0％),correctable biliary atresia in 5 cases (4.6％),inspissated bile syndrome in 8 cases (7.4％),infantile hepatitis syndrome in 6 cases (5.6％),choledochal cyst in 4 cases (3.7％),biliary hypoplasia in 2 cases (1.9％),1 case (0.9％) suffered from spontaneous bile duct perforation,1 case (0.9％) suffered from oppression of lymph nodes in hepatic portal.Patients of nocorrectable biliary atresia were treated with open Kasai portoenterostomy or laparoscopic Kasai portoenterostomy,correctable biliary atresia and choledochal cyst underwent laparoscopic cyst excision and Roux-Y hepaticojejunostomy,inspissated bile syndrome,infantile hepatitis syndrome and biliary hypoplasia were treated by laparoscopic cholecystostomy and biliary tract irrigation.The patient of spontaneous bile duct perforation was treated with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and T-tube drainage,the lymph node was excised in patient with oppression of lymph nodes in hepatic portal.All infants were followed-up for 3 months to 48 months,the clearance of jaundice rate varied in patients with Kasai portoenterostomy,patients with non-Kasai portoenterostomy were all in good condition and there were no symptom recurrence.Conclusion Biliary atresia,inspissated bile syndrome,infantile hepatitis syndrome,choledochal cyst and biliary hypoplasia are the most common cause of surgery-related infantile cholestasis.Kasai portoenterostomy,hepaticojejunostomy and cholecystostomy and biliary tract irrigation are the main surgical method for surgery-related infantile cholestasis.

Objective:To explore the current situation, hot spots and trends of research on the prevention and treatment of diabetes peripheral neuropathy with TCM; To provide reference for scientific research and clinical practice.Methods:Literature related to the prevention and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with TCM was retrieved from CNKI and Web of Science from the establishment of the databases to December 31, 2021. CiteSpace 6.1.3 software was used to visualize the knowledge map of the number of articles, journals, authors, institutions, keyword clustering, and keyword emergence.Results:A total of 793 core articles were included, including 692 in CNKI and 101 in Web of Science. The research on the TCM prevention and treatment of diabetes peripheral neuropathy was on the rise. Liu Tonghua (Beijing University of Chinese Medicine) wrote most Chinese articles, while Liang Xiaochun (Peking Union Medical College Hospital) wrote more English articles. The research institutions were mainly medical colleges and universities and their affiliated hospitals. Current research hotspots and future development trends mainly included the following aspects: TCM compounds, acupuncture therapy, oxidative stress, nerve conduction velocity, expression of related pathogenic genes, randomized controlled experiments, data mining, systematic evaluation, etc.Conclusion:At present, the research on the TCM prevention and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy at home and abroad has gradually entered a stable development stage and has a certain research scale. However, it is necessary to strengthen the cooperation and communication between research teams and institutions and promote sustainable clinical efficacy evaluation and basic research development.

Objective To systematically evaluate and analyze the evidence level of randomized controlled trials (RCT) of preoperative skin preparation for emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and to understand the current research status and evidence level of preoperative skin preparation randomized controlled trials for emergency PCI, and provide reference for skin preparation for emergency PCI. Methods PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, JBI, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang DATA were searched by computer from inception to March, 2018 for emergency PCI preoperative skin preparation randomized controlled trials. Two evidence panel members searched and selected articles independently and the quality was assessed in accordance with Cochrane Manual. The articles were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3, and the evidence quality was assessed with GRADE profiler 3.6.1 software. Results A total of 5 RCTs were included, of which the number of RCTs with grade A quality was 1 and the number of RCTs with grade B was 4. The results of the Meta analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of skin infections at the postoperative puncture site by conventional methods for routine removal of surgical wild hair and no removal of hair prior to emergency PCI (P＜0.05). In addition, regular removal of hair before surgery may result in prolonged preoperative preparation and may cause psychological discomfort to the patient. After the GRADE system rating, the quality of the evidence body was of a lower level. Conclusions It is more beneficial to shorten the treatment time without routine removal of all the hair at the puncture site and the surrounding patients. The evidence included is not yet certain whether the incomplete removal of hair can reduce the infection rate. In the future, more large-scale, multi-center, high-quality research should be carried out to provide more credible evidence for this study.

Thyroid nodule is a common endocrine system disease in clinic. Its onset is mostly related to affect-mind internal damage. The core pathogenesis is dysfunction of the liver and liver-qi stagnation, and the main pathological changes are qi stagnation, phlegm turbidity and blood stasis. Constitution is inherited from the natural factors and nourished from the postnatal factors, which is closely related to the occurrence of diseases, the transformation of syndromes and the transmission of diseases. Chaihu constitution refers to the type of constitution suitable for long-term use of Bupleuri Radix and prescriptions about Bupleuri Radix. The characteristics of patients with Chaihu constitution are similar to those of patients with thyroid nodules in clinic, and the risk of developing thyroid nodules is higher. Chaihu constitution is the internal basis of thyroid nodules. When treating thyroid nodule patients with Chaihu constitution, the dominant position of Bupleuri Radix should be highlighted, and Bupleuri Radix and prescriptions about Bupleuri Radix should be used flexibly. The dosage of Bupleuri Radix is mostly between 6-15 g, and according to the change of pathogenesis, it is often combined with Chinese materia medica with the efficacy of soothing liver and promoting qi, resolving phlegm and removing turbidity, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, in order to prevent the occurrence and development of thyroid nodules.

Ferroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death, involves multi-molecular and multi-signaling pathways, and the core processes is iron overload and lipid peroxidation. It affects cancer, neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, digestive system disease, and many other diseases. While, ischemia-reperfusion injury is an extremely complex pathological process, including ischemia-reperfusion injury of the heart, brain, liver and kidney, etc., which often occurs in shock, organ surgery and organ transplantation, seriously affecting human health, and there is no effective radical treatment. However, ferroptosis is closely related to ischemia-reperfusion injury so that it is possible to find the prevention and treatment measures of ischemia-reperfusion injury by exploring the internal relationship between them. Therefore, the author tries to summarize the signaling pathways of ferroptosis, and explores the relationship between ferroptosis and ischemia-reperfusion injury of heart, brain, liver and kidney by moderating the ferroptosis targets properly to find the effective ways to treat cancer, improve inflammation and relieve other diseases.

AIM:To investigate the effects of the γ-aminobutyric acid(GABAergic)neural pathway from the anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)to the nucleus accumbens(NAc)on the regulation of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and its underlying mechanisms in mice.METHODS:(1)A C57BL/6J mice model of IBS was established by using chronic acute combing stress(CACS).The mice were divided into a normal group and an IBS group(n=8).The presence of IBS-like symptoms was determined through behavioural tests,an intestinal motility test and abdominal withdrawal reflex scores.(2)Fluorescence gold(FG)retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the ACC-NAc GABAergic neural pathway and to examine the activation of GABA in the ACC in IBS mice(n=8).(3)A total of 1.5 μL of normal saline(NS),GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline(BIC)or agonist isoguvacine hydrochloride(Isog)was ad-ministered via a preburied catheter into the NAc of mice in IBS and normal groups.The mice were randomly divided into three groups(n=8):NS group,BIC group and Isog group.IBS-like symptoms were assessed.(4)The mice were prein-jected with AAV2/9-mDlx-iCre-WPRE-pA in the ACC and AAV2/2Retro Plus-hSyn-DIO-hM3D(Gq)-eGFP-WPRE-pA in the NAc and subsequently divided into four groups(n=8):NS(intraperitoneal injection)+NS(NAc microinjection)group,NS+BIC group,clozapine N-oxide(CNO)+NS group and CNO+BIC group.The mice who received AAV2/2Retro-hSyn-DIO-hM4D(Gi)-EGFP-WPRE-pA in the NAc were randomly divided into three groups(n=8):NS+NS group,NS+BIC group and CNO+NS group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to estimate the expression levels of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)in colon tissue,and the effects of GABAergic neural pathways from ACC to NAc on IBS were studied.RESULTS:CACS induced IBS-like symptoms in mice.The results of FG retrograde tracing combined with fluorescence immunohistochemistry showed that GABA neurons of ACC could project to NAc.The injection of BIC in the NAc was found to significantly reduce anxiety-like behaviours,diarrheal symptoms and visceral hy-persensitivity in the IBS mice(P<0.05).Chemogenetic inhibition of the ACC-NAc GABAergic neurons ameliorated IBS-like symptoms in mice(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The GABAergic pathway of ACC-NAc might be involved in the regu-lation of IBS in mice,which may be related to the release of histamine and 5-HT in colon tissue.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of surgical site infection (SSI) after colorectal surgery, and to establish and validate a risk prediction model nomogram.Methods:An observational study was conducted to retrospectively collect data of 6527 patients aged ≥16 years who underwent colorectal surgery in 56 domestic hospitals from March 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022 from the national Surgical Site Infection Surveillance network. The incidence of SSI after surgery was 2.3% (149/6527). According to the ratio of 7:3, 6527 patients were randomly divided into the modeling cohort (4568 cases) and the validation cohort (1959 cases), and there was no statistically significant difference between the two datasets ( P>0.05). Univariate analysis was performed using t test /Mann-Whitney U test /χ 2 test. Multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression to establish a preliminary model and select variables using Lasso analysis to establish an optimized model nomogram. The discrimination and calibration of the model were evaluated by ROC curve, calibration curve, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test. AUC value>0.7 is considered a good discrimination of the model. The Bootstrap method (repeated self-sampling 1000 times) was used to verify the constructed model internally and externally to evaluate the accuracy of the constructed model. Results:Multivariate analysis showed that history of chronic liver disease (OR=3.626, 95%CI: 1.297-10.137, P<0.001) and kidney disease (OR=1.567,95%CI:1.042-2.357, P=0.038), surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (OR=1.564, 95%CI:1.038-2.357, P=0.035), and emergency surgery (OR=1.432,95%CI: 1.089-1.885, P=0.021), open surgery (OR=1.418, 95%CI:1.045-1.924, P=0.042), preoperative stoma (OR=3.310, 95%CI:1.542-7.105, P<0.001), postoperative stoma (OR=2.323,95%CI: 1.537-8.134, P<0.001), surgical incision type above grade II (OR=1.619,95%CI:1.097-2.375, P=0.014), and each unit increase in total bilirubin (OR=1.003,95%CI:-0.994-1.012, P=0.238), alanine aminotransferase (OR=1.006, 95%CI:1.001-1.011, P=0.032), blood urea nitrogen (OR=1.003,95%CI:0.995-1.011, P=0.310), blood glucose (OR=1.024, 95%CI:1.005-1.043, P=0.027), C-reactive protein (OR=1.007, 95%CI:1.003-1.011, P<0.001), length of incision (OR=1.042, 95%CI:1.002-1.087, P=0.031), surgical duration (OR=1.003,95%CI:1.001-1.005, P=0.017), and surgical blood loss (OR=1.001,95%CI: 1.000-1.002, P=0.045) were risk factors for SSI after colorectal surgery. Each unit increase in albumin level (OR=0.969,95%CI:0.941-0.998, P=0.036) was an independent protective factor for SSI after colorectal surgery. The area under the curve of the optimized model obtained by internal and external validation were 0.768 (95%CI: 0.723-0.813) and 0.753 (95%CI: 0.680-0.832), respectively. The predicted value of the calibration curve was basically consistent with the actual value. Conclusions:The risk prediction model for SSI after colorectal surgery constructed in this study has good discrimination and calibration. The nomogram created in this model can provide an evaluation basis for the observed rate and expected event rate of SSI after clinical colorectal surgery.