Due to the emergence of various treatment methods for aortic diseases, the treatment methods of anastomosis have become diversified.The anastomosis of the graft distal eversion partly inserted into the aorta or graft inversion wholely inserted into the aorta increase the joint area between them, and it obviously reduces the impact of tidal blood flow and the lateral force on the anastomosis.Therefore, it has the outstanding advantages of reducing the risk of hemorrhage after anastomosis, simplifying the intraoperative suture operation and easy treatment of anastomotic hemorrhage.Similar techniques with different names are often used in the surgical treatment of aortic lesions and have achieved good anastomosis.In this paper, the concept is uniformly referred to as " Graft Eversion Anastomosis Technique" , and its application evolution in aortic surgery is systematically expounded, so as to further deepen the understanding of the technology.

Objective To investigate the influence of brain natrluretic peptide(BNP) in the prognosis of cardiac surgery.Methods Selected 115 cases of pafients with the first cardiac surgery.Their BNP concentration was measured before operation. Observed the relationship between BNP and postoperative atrial fibrillation,mechanical ventilation time,hospital stay,and the mortality of 30 d.Results Whether the patients had hypertension,diabetes,myocardial infarction history,left main stem disease and hemoglobin level or not,showed no definite relationship with BNP (P>0.05).Preoperative lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)(P=0.002) and European system for cardiac operation risk evaluation [(5±3)scores](P=0.003) were associated with higher BNP level.Postoperative mechanical ventilation time was(15.0±5.4)h,hospital stay was (32±11) d,showed a clear relationship with BNP(P= 0.035,0.001),but postoperative mediastinal infection,atrial fibrillation and mortality of 30 d had no definite relationship with BNP(P>0.05).Conclusion BNP can be used to predict the risk after cardiac surgery.

Objective To study the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Method The clinical data and, in partricular, the treatment modalities of 173 cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed.Results All of the 173 patients were treated by resection and subsequent endocrine therapy.Different types of operations were selected in accordance with the clinical stages.No perioperative deaths occurred.There were altogether 30 operative complications including nerve injury.Ninety-one patients were followed up for over 5 years and no deaths occurred.Jugular lymphatic metastases occurred in 4 patients, sternum metastases in 2 and lung metastasis in 1.Conclusion Surgical resection and endocrine therapy are highly effective for the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism companied with thyroid carcinoma . Methods The clinical data of 11 cases of hyperthyroidism with thyroid carcinoma were retrospectively analysed. Results 9 of 11 cases were diagnosed preoperatively,and comfirmed by frozen section intra-operatively and underwent suitable operation. In the other two cases the final diagnosis was made by pathological examination postoperatively, and re-operation was performed on 1 case . All the patients were followed up for 1～16 years and neither hyperthyroidism nor thyroid carcinoma recurred. Conclusion It is difficult to make diagnosis of hyperthyroidism with thyroid carcinoma preoperatively. B mode ultrasonography may find some nodes in enlarged thyroid; but fine needle aspisation biopsg(FNA) has high false negative diagnostic rate. Intra-operative frozen section examination is important in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism with thyroid carcinoma .

Objective To evaluate the effect of combined therapy for inflammatory cancer of breast (ICB). Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical manifestation, pathological type and treatment modalities of 25 patients with ICB from 1985 to 2000.Results All of the 25 patients were treated with mastectomy, including typical Halsted mastectomy in 12 cases, typical Halsted mastectomy with reconstruction of latissimus dorsi flap in 4, and palliative mastectomy in 9. Of the 21 patients 20 received preoperative chemotherapy; and all the 21 patients received postoperative chemotherpyl; while hormonal therapy was used in 11 cases. A mean survival was 23 months (0.5～5years) in 14 followed up patients; and now 5 patieats remain alive (2months～5 years). Conclusions A combined therapy consisting of chemotherapy, surgery and hormonal therapy may improve the prognosis of ICB.

Objective To initially map the gene responsible for autosomal dominant familial IgA nephropathy of a Chinese family by exclusive the five loci that had been reported with linkage analysis.Methods The genetic pattern of the familial IgA nephropathy was identified and the genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples collected from the family members.Short tandem repeat (STR) inside the loci that had been reported was selected,such as 2q36,3p23-24,4q26-31,6q22-23,17q12-22,and the data with two-point linkage analysis were performed.Results Autosomal dominant inheritance pattern was demonstrated in phenotypes of the family and there was no linkage relationship in the above five loci of chromosomes because the maximum two-point LOD score was 0.39 at D17S1868.Conclusion Following exclusion of the loci which had been reported,there are other new pathopoiesis loci of FIgAN and it reveals that FIgAN has the genetic heterogeneity according to initial result at the same time.

PurposeIt has been reported that women have higher incidence of Modic changes than men and it may be related to the change of female hormone levels during menopause which leads to osteoporosis and other factors. This paper investigated the relationship between vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) of menopausal female suffering from chronic low pain and lumbar vertebral Modic changes on MRI, to explore the effect of vertebral bone mineral density upon Modic changes.Materials and Methods A total of 205 menopausal women with chronic low back pain were enrolled and underwent vertebral bone mineral density measurement and lumbar MRI examination. The bone mass of vertebral body and bone imaging data were observed. All patients were divided into three groups according to their level of bone mass: group of normal bone mass: 128 cases; osteopenia group: 58 cases; osteoporosis group: 19 cases. The incidence rate of Modic changes was compared among the three groups and the relationship between bone mineral density and vertebral Modic changes was further analyzed.Results Among 205 patients, 128 were with normal bone mass, 44 had Modic changes (type I: 19 cases; type II: 22 cases; type III: 3 cases) and the incidence rate was 34.4%; osteopenia occurred in 58 patients, among whom 34 had Modic changes (type I: 15 cases; type II: 17 cases; type III: 2 cases), which showed that the rate was 58.6%; 19 patients presented osteoporosis, 15 of whom appeared Modic changes (type I: 6 cases, type II: 7 cases;type III: 2 cases), with the rate of 78.9%. There was statistically signiifcant difference in incidence rate of Modic changes among the three groups (χ2=18.995,P<0.05). Pearson column connection numberC=0.29<0.40. The osteopenia group and osteoporosis group both had higher incidence rates than the group of normal bone mass (χ2=9.636 and 13.680,P<0.01), and the incidence rate showed no difference between the osteopenia group and osteoporosis group (χ2=2.555,P>0.05).Conclusion Lumbar vertebral bone mineral density is correlated to the incidence of vertebral Modic changes in menopausal women with chronic low back pain. With the loss of vertebral bone mass, the incidence of vertebral Modic changes gradually rise. However, the correlation is rather weak; Modic change is a dynamic process, which is also influenced by other factors except vertebral bone mineral density.

Objective To investigate the accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasound volumetric measurements for children's bladder. Methods The bladder volumes of 238 children aged 9 months to 16 years (male:106;female:132) in Shenzhen Children's Hospital underwent real-time three-dimensional ultrasound for volume measurements. These cases were divided into six groups according to the body surface area:(0.36~0.60) m2 (27 cases), (0.61~0.78) m2 (66 cases), (0.79~0.89) m2 (52 cases), (0.90~1.05) m2 (33 cases), (1.06~1.20) m2 (30 cases) and (1.21~1.78) m2 (30 cases). The bladder volume measured by GE Voluson E8 and Philips iU22 were compared with the actual volumes of discharge urine. The relation between bladder volume measurements and the actual volume of discharge urine was analyzed. Results Children's bladder volume increasesd with the body surface area (F=33.53, P<0.05) and showed positive correlations with the body surface area (r=0.679, P <0.05). Compared with the actual volume of discharge urine, each group's bladder volume measurements obtained by three-dimensional ultrasound were lower and the results were as follows:[(47.80±30.33) ml vs (82.24±49.63) ml, (77.20±39.72) ml vs (139.98±79.03) ml, (95.96±50.79) ml vs (175.96±101.70) ml, (117.46±54.17) ml vs (206.62±86.22) ml, (145.53±73.60) ml vs (253.33±135.09) ml and (220.27±110.34) ml vs (327.42±165.45) ml]. The differences between children's bladder volume measurements and the actual volume of discharge urine were statistically significant (t=3.19, 5.53, 5.08, 4.49, 3.84 and 3.00, all P <0.05), but children's bladder volume showed positive correlations with the actual urine volume (r=0.881, P<0.05). The bladder volume measurements by spheroid formula based on two-dimensional ultrasound are lower than the actual volume of discharge urine, and the results were as follows:[(50.38±36.94) ml vs (82.24±49.63) ml, (86.77±62.34) ml vs (139.98±79.03) ml, (102.69±60.21) ml vs (175.96±101.70) ml, (107.94±55.14) ml vs (206.62±86.22) ml, (145.31±66.01) ml vs (253.33±135.09) ml and (222.77±132.59) ml vs (327.42±165.45) ml]. The differences were statistically significant (t=3.03, 4.01, 4.47, 4.95, 3.94 and 2.75, all P <0.05), but children's bladder volume showed positive correlations with actual urine volume (r=0.326, P <0.05). Conclusions Three-dimensional ultrasound volumetric measurements for children's bladder is feasible and in clinical application, the factors of children's growth should be take into account. Combing regression equation, children's bladder volume can be more accurately quantified.

Objective To observe the influence of nocturnal prolonged hemodialysis (INHD) on patients＇ nutrition status. Methods Thirty-two maintenance hemodialysis patients received INHD (3 times per week and 7.5 hours each session) and thirty-five maintenance hemodialysis patients received conventional hemodialysis (3 times per week and 4 hours each session) as control were observed for 6 months.The nutrition status of these patients on various aspects which concluded physical measurements,laboratory tests,and dietary record at baseline(0month) and exit (6 months) were recorded. Results (1)There were no differences in age,sex,body weight,and primary diseases between two groups.(2)The body weight,triceps skinfold thickness (TSF),and hand grip strength increased at exit point,but no statistical difference compared with the control group.Mid-upper arm circumference (MAC) increased signicantly from (27.1±4.2) to (30.5±6.1) cm (P＜0.05).Compared with the control group (26.9±3.4) cm,there was a significant difference (P＜0.05).(3)Serum phosphate decreased significantly from (0.5±0.5) to (0.1±0.6) μ mol/L (P=0.001) in INHD group.(4)The nutrition status were improved in INHD group evaluated by subjective global assessment (SGA)(P=0.03).(5) Dietary intake was recorded by a 3-day food record.Dietary intake of energy,protein,lipid,calcium,potassium,and phosphate increased in INHD group.None of the differences achieved statistical significance between two groups. Conclusion As compared with conventional hemodialysis,INHD can increase the dietary intake,decrease serum phosphate level,and improve patients nutrition status.

Objective To investigate the reference values and Z scores regression equations of newborn undergoing echocardiography. Methods Two hundred and eighty-eight newborns (aged 0-28 days) of Shenzhen Children′s Hospital underwent echocardiography examination, including M-mode, two-dimensional (2D) and real-time three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography, color Doppler lfow imaging (CDFI) and tissue Doppler imaging. The correlation between echocardiography results and weight were analyzed and Z scores were calculated. Results The normal values of right ventricular diameter (RV) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) measured by M-mode, the mitral annulus diameter in four chamber view (MV-D1), mitral annulus diameter in two chamber view (MV-D2), mitral annulus diameter in longitudinal view (MV-D3), aortic ring diameter (ARD), aortic sinus diameter (ASD), ascending aorta diameter (AAO), transverse aorta diameter (TA), aortic isthmus diameter (AI), aorta diaphragm diameter (AO-Dia), tricuspid annulus diameter in four chamber view (TV-D1), tricuspid annulus diameter in right ventricular inlfow tract view (TV-D2), right ventricular outlfow tract diameter (RVOT), pulmonary valve diameter (PVD) and main pulmonary artery diameter (PA) measured by 2D echocardiography and the normal values of mitral valve inflow Doppler component during early diastole (MV-E), mitral valve inlfow Doppler component during atrial contraction (MV-A), tricuspid valve inlfow Doppler component during early diastole (TV-E), tricuspid valve inflow Doppler component during atrial contraction (TV-A), aortic valve peak velocity (AV-max), aortic valve velocity-time integral (AV-VTI), pulmonary valve peak velocity (PV-max), pulmonary valve velocity-time integral (PV-VTI) measured by pulse Doppler, the mitral annular tissue Doppler component during systole (MV-s′), mitral annular tissue Doppler component during early diastole (MV-e′), mitral annular tissue Doppler component during atrial contraction (MV-a′), tricuspid annular tissue Doppler component during systole (TV-s′), tricuspid annular tissue Doppler component during early diastole (TV-e′), tricuspid annular tissue Doppler component during atrial contraction (TV-a′), interventricular septum annular tissue Doppler component during systole (IVS-s′), interventricular septum annular tissue Doppler component during early diastole (IVS-e′), interventricular septum annular tissue Doppler component during atrial contraction (IVS-a′) measured by tissue Doppler, the normal values of left atrial volume (LAV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVEDV), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) measured by bi-plane method and the normal values of LVEDV, SV and CO measured by real-time tri-plane method, together with the normal values of left ventricular (LV) mass, left ventricular mass index [LV mass/BSA, LV mass/H2.7, body surface area (BSA) and height (H)], all showed nonlinear positive correlations with body weight (all P<0.01). The values of MV-E/A, PV-E/A, MV-e′/a′, TV-e′/a′, IVS-e′/a′, MV-E/IVS-e′, LV mass/LVEDV and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) showed no correlations with body weight (all P>0.05). Except for RV, MV-D1, MV-D2, MV-D3, TV-D1, TV-E, MV-s′, IVS-a′, TV-s′and TV-e′, all R2 obtained by nonlinear regression method (lnY=a+bX+cX2+dX3) were larger than those obtained by linear regression method (Y=a+bX). The Z score showed a normal distribution and no correlation with body weight. Conclusions The normal reference values of newborn undergoing echocardiography reflect the variation in weight. The Z scores can be obtained by the predicted nonlinear regression equations and show standard normal distribution. The echocardiography normal reference values have important significance for the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal heart disease.