OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of the contents of Cu,Pb,As,Cr,Cd,Ba, Mn,Sb and Hg in Ganmaoling granule. METHODS:ICP-MS was conducted. The sample was handled by nitric acid microwave di-gestion system,the mass concnetration of 9 metal elements were determined by ICP-MS with Ge,In,Bi as internal standard and standard substance of test element standards. RF power was 1 100 W,sampling depth was 8 mm,carrier gas was argon(Ar)with high purity and flow rate was 1.0 L/min. RESULTS:All 9 elements had good linear range between mass concentration and ion peaks (r=0.999 1-0.999 9),detection limits were in the range of 0.3-6.0μg/L;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no more than 6.0%;average recoveries were in the range of 80.0%-113.5%,and RSDs were in 1.0%-4.5%. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,rapid and accurate,and can be used for the determination of 9 metal elements in Ganmaoling granule.

Objective A method for quantitative determination of 16 kinds of organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) in aquatic prod-ucts by gas chromatography (GC)was established .Methods The sample was extracted by acetonitrile ,purified by Carb/NH2 ,and then determined by GC .Results The linear relations of 16 kinds of OCPs were good at 0 .05 - 1 .00 mg/L(r> 0 .998) .The limit of detection of OCPs was in the range of 0 .04 - 0 .31 μg /kg(S/N = 3) .When the standard levels were 50 ,100 ,200 μg /kg ,the recovery rates were 72 .6% - 115 .2% ,the relative standard deviations were 0 .6% - 7 .5% .Conclusion The method established in this stud-y is applied to the determination of 16 kinds of OCPs in real samples with satisfactory results .

OBJECTIVETo establish a HPLC fingerprint for quality evaluation of fructus Euodiae rutaecarpa, and to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of its main constituents.

METHODThe 10 batches of samples were analyzed by HPLC linear gradient elution method and evaluated by similarity evaluation and system cluster analysis. The common peaks in chromatographic fingerprint were identified by LC-DAD-MS.

RESULTThe HPLC fingerprint of Euodiae Fructus showed 32 characteristic peaks, among them 13 peaks were identified, and 2 constituents were quantified.

CONCLUSIONThe HPLC fingerprint established could reflect the main constituents of Euodiae Fructus, and could combine with content determination to take an overall control of Euodiae Fructus.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Evodia ; chemistry

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation of polymorphism and loci interaction of nucleic acid binding oligomeric domain-like receptor heat protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) gene and susceptibility to coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) in Xinjiang Region. Methods A total of 109 CWP were selected as the case group, and 69 coal miners with similar age, years of dust exposure and work types were selected as the control group by convenient sampling method. Blood samples of individuals in workers in these two groups were collected, and the genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphism loci, rs1539019, rs4612666, rs4925650 and rs7525979, in the NLRP3 gene were detected using an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction. The optimal genetic model was selected based on the Akaike information criterion. Results The results of unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that individuals with the C allele of rs1539019 or rs4612666 had a higher risk of CWP than those with the A or T allele (all P<0.05), and individuals with the AA genotype of rs1539019 or the TT genotype of rs4612666 had a lower risk of CWP than those with the CC genotype (all P<0.05), after adjusting for age, years of work, alcohol, and smoking. The optimal genetic models for rs1539019 and rs4612666 were the recessive model and the additive model, respectively, and these differences were associated with the susceptibility to CWP at the Bonferroni-corrected level (all P<0.05). No correlation was found between rs4925650 and rs7525979 and the susceptibility to CWP (all P>0.05). In the smoking population, the rs1539019 co-dominant model, recessive model, and additive model were associated with a decreased risk of CWP (all P<0.05). The rs4612666 co-dominant model, dominant model and additive model were associated with an increased risk of CWP (all P<0.05), with the optimal genetic models being the recessive model and the additive model among smokers. The rs1539019 and rs4612666 were not found to be associated with the increased risk of CWP in non-smokers (all P>0.05). The rs4612666 dominant model and additive model were associated with an increased risk of CWP (all P<0.05), and the rs4925650 recessive model and over-dominant model were associated with a decreased and increased risk of developing CWP (all P<0.05), with the optimal genetic models being the dominant model and the over-dominant model in drinkers. The rs1539019 co-dominant model, dominant model, recessive model, and additive model were associated with a decreased risk of developing CWP (all P<0.05), and the rs4612666 co-dominant model, recessive model, and additive model were associated with an increased risk of developing CWP (all P<0.05), with the optimal genetic models being the additive model and the recessive model in non-drinkers. The result of haplotype analysis showed that the ACAC and ACGC haplotypes were associated with a reduced risk of CWP (all P<0.05). Conclusion The rs1539019 and rs4612666 loci of the NLRP3 gene are associated with susceptibility to CWP. This study provides clues for further research on the risk of CWP in coal workers.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in brain regional homogeneity in first-onset major depressive disorders (MDDs) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

METHODSEighteen patients with first-onset MDDs and twenty gender- and age-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state fMRI scans to compare the regional homogeneities of the brain regions.

RESULTSCompared with the normal controls, the patients with MDDs showed significantly decreased regional homogeneity in the left posterior cingulated gyrus, bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, left hippocampa gyrus, left posterior central gyrus, left angular gyrus, right amygdala, right orbital frontal gyrus, right supplementary motor area, and right cerebellar lobe.

CONCLUSIONPatients with first-onset MDDs have dysfunctions in the brain regions closed related with cognition and emotional control.

Amygdala ; Brain ; physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebellum ; Cognition ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; diagnosis ; Emotions ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Temporal Lobe

To explore the relationship between sleep duration and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). A total of 1 755 patients with T2DM received standardized management of metabolic disease from March 1, 2018 to February 29, 2020 were included. All patients were classified into three groups according to the sleep duration: short(≤6 h), medium(>6 h to 8 h) and long(>8 h). Increased arterial stiffness was defined as baPWV≥1 600 cm/s. The prevalence of baPWV≥1 600 cm/s was 39.7%, 30.8% and 38.6% in short, medium and long sleep duration group, respectively( P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with long sleep duration( OR=1.317, P<0.05) but not short sleep duration( OR=1.169, P>0.05) had a higher risk for baPWV≥1 600 cm/s compared with the reference group with medium sleep duration. Stratified analyses by sex showed that the OR were 1.735( P<0.05) among female and 1.131( P>0.05) among male respectively for baPWV≥1 600 cm/s in long sleep duration group when compared with medium sleep duration group. Sleep duration>8 h was found to be associated with elevated baPWV in patients with T2DM. There were gender differences in the correlation between long sleep duration and baPWV.

Objective:To observe the expression of serum nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in patients with early diabetic nephropathy (EDN) and the effect of pioglitazone on the expression of inflammatory factors and renal protective mechanism.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted.From January 2019 to December 2019, the patients were divided into pioglitazone group ( n=35) and glimepiride group ( n=34). At the same time, 30 healthy people in the physical examination center of our hospital were selected as the control group.The levels of serum NF-κB and MCP-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry.The changes of fasting glucose, Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), renal function, urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), and hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hsCRP), interleukin-6(IL-6), homeostasis model insulin Resistance index (HOMA-IR) were detected and compared among the three groups before treatment, pioglitazone group and glimepiride treatment group after treatment.To observe the effect of pioglitazone on serum NF-kB and MCP-1 expression in patients with early type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Results:Serum NF-κB, MCP-1, UAER, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, hsCRP, IL-6 were significantly higher in the diabetic nephropathy group than those in the control group before treatment ( t values were 9.16, 7.61, 16.99, 17.01, 17.05, 12.01, 8.69, 6.28, all P<0.01). After 12 weeks of treatment, the levels of NF- κB, MCP-1, HOMA-IR, hsCRP, IL-6 and UAER in pioglitazone group were lower than those in glimepiide group ( t values were -5.03, -4.63, -2.35, -8.03, -3.06, -2.10, P<0.05 or P<0.01). After treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in fasting blood glucose and HbA1c between the pioglitazone group and the glimepiide group (all P>0.05). Serum NF-κB, MCP-1, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and UAER in EDN group were significantly positively correlated ( R values were 0.568, 0.532, 0.521, 0.466, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The expression of NF - κ B and MCP-1 in serum of EDN patients was increased, which indicated that there was chronic inflammation in patients.Pioglitazone could down regulate the expression of NF - κ B and MCP-1, so as to play an anti-inflammatory and renal protective role.

To discuss the treatment strategy for outpatient diminutive colorectal polyps.
 Methods: Diminutive colonic polyps (≤5 mm in size) patients detected at the initial screening colonoscopy between January 2012 to December 2014 at outpatient endoscopy center of the Second Xiangya Hospital were retrospectively studied. The linear growth rate of the natural history cases without polypectomy (Group A, n=31) and the recurrence rate after polypectomy (Group B, n=212) were analyzed. Then the adenoma detection rate, the incidence of advanced adenoma and cancer were compared between the 2 groups.
 Results: Patients were followed up for 1.5-57.6 months. In the Group A, 61.2% patients' linear diameter remained stable and 19.4% patients were progressed. The growth rate in 12.1-24.0 months were the highest (25.0%). In the Group B, overall recurrence rate was 16% after polypectomy in the Group B. The highest recurrence rate for the first follow-up was 12.1-24.0 months, accounting for 14.3%. The adenoma detection rates in the Group A and the Group B were 38.7% and 54.2%, respectively. In the Group A, 3.2% of patients naturally progressed to advanced adenoma, and 1.4% of patients in the Group B relapsed into advanced adenoma. No cancerous patients were found in either group.
 Conclusion: Outpatient diminutive colorectal polyps can be temporarily unremoved for colonoscopy screening. It is advisable to perform colonoscopy within 12-24 months.
Colonic Polyps ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Outpatients ; Retrospective Studies

Objective:To set up an automatic gel permeation chromatography-solid phase extraction purification-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( GPC-SPE-UPLC-MS/MS ) method for the quantitative determination of 14 carba-mates pesticide residues in Chinese herbal pieces. Methods:The samples were extracted by acetonitrile, and kept in constant volume with ethyl acetate-cyclohexane (1: 1, v/v). The extract was purified by GPC combined with amino solid phase extraction column (Carb/NH2). After UPLC gradient elution separation on an Agilent Poroshell 120EC-C18 column using acetonitrile-0. 1% formic acid as the mobile phase,the target pesticides were determined by tandem mass spectrometry in a multi-reaction monitoring ( MRM) mode. Results:The 14 kinds of carbamates pesticides had good linear relationships within the range of determination (r>0. 9990), and the detection limit was 0. 02-0. 35μg·kg-1 . When the spiked levels were 1, 10 and 50μg·L-1 , the recoveries were 74. 2%-108. 8%, and the RSD was 1. 25%-6. 73%(n=6). Conclusion:The method simplifies the pretreatment operation and shortens the analysis time with good selectivity and high sensitivity, which can be used for the determination of carbamates pesticide residues in Chinese herbal pieces.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum neuregulin 4(Nrg4)level and metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 240 T2DM patients admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of Second People's Hospital of Yichang from June 2021 to August 2022 were collected and divided into simple T2DM group(n=120)and MAFLD group(MAFLD,n=120).120 healthy individuals were selected as the normal control(NC)group.Results The serum Nrg4 decreased gradually from NC group,T2DM group to MAFLD group(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum Nrg4 was negatively correlated with WC,HOMA-IR and hs-CRP(P＜0.05),and positively correlated with HDL-C(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that Nrg4,WC,HOMA-IR and hs-CRP were the influencing factors of MAFLD.After adjusting for age,sex,smoking history,BMI,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,FPG,FIns,HbA1c and other factors,serum Nrg4 was still the influencing factor of MAFLD.Conclusion The decrease of serum Nrg4 is a risk factor for T2DM combined with MAFLD.