The study intended to evaluate the atherosclerotic plaque burden and composition among symptomatic patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.Total 262 symptomatic patients, including 79 with type 2 diabetes and 183 without, underwent multislice computed tomography coronary angiography.The extent of coronary atherosclerosis and 3 plaque types were studied.Patients with diabetes showed more diseased coronary segments ( P ＜ 0.01 ) and more nonobstructive segments ( P ＜ 0.05 ) than non diabetic patients.Compared to non diabetic patients,diabetic patients had a higher number of coronary segments with non-calcified ( P = 0.005 ) and calcified ( P = 0.016 ) plaques, but not for mixed plaques.The results indicate that type 2 diabetic patients have higher coronary plaque burden.

Objective To construct a basic competency framework for advanced practice nurses.Methods A primary index system was formed through literature review and expert consultation,the weight of each index was determined by hierarchy analysis.Results The expert authority coefficient was 0.857,Cronbrach alpha of the total system was 0.937.The index system consisted of 5 first-level items,11 second-level items and 46 third-level items.Conclusions The 62-item competency framework for APN is reliable and valid,which can provide quantified standards for selecting,training and evaluating advanced practice nurses.

0.05).Meanwhile,they both had significant differences compared with group C(P

Objective To find out the impact of different surveillance models on the quality of injury surveillance and to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of injury surveillance based in emergency departments and based on the basic data for evaluating the quality and advancing its method.Methods On the premise of the same surveillance,process and method,the injury reports the two trained groups(part-time and full-time)filled out within one month from July 28th to August 27th in 2007 were collected.They were processed in the computer,examined,and finally compared.Results The omitted rate of PTSIS was 31.44%,higher than that of FTSIS,especially during the latter part of night when it was easier for the two models to be omitted.There was a difference in error in the report-filling:Part-time group was often found to have omitted "telephone number","the cause of injury" and "intent",while the full-time group more readily left out "injury severity","patient disposition",and "responder".The part-time group did a better job on "the mechanism of injury" and "disposition",and the integrity of their report-filling was greater than that of the full-time group by 12.84%.Conclusions The omitted rate of PTSIS is higher than that of FTSIS,while the quality of the report from PTSIS is better than that of FTSIS.Therefore in the condition of the limited resources,part-time groups' active participation in the injury surveillance should be encouraged.The full-time groups are expected to be trained for it if resources permit.

0.05).The levels of serum TC in groups A,B,and C were (23.51?10.58),(14.27?3.51)and(1.36?0.33)mmol?L-1, respectively; the levels of serum LDL in groups A,B,and C were (21.39?10.00),(14.23?4.01)and(0.72?0.35)mmol?L-1;there were significant differences between three groups (P0.05).Conclusion High-fat diet has no significant effect on the expressions of NO and PAI-1 in atherosclerosis rabbits .Atorvastatin can increase the expression of NO and decrease the expression of PAI-1,and can inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis.

Objective To observe the electronic physiological mechanism of Low Resistance Thought Induction Psychotherapy (TIP) on depression.Methods 48 patients with depression were randomly divided into TIP group and Citalopram group.The observation period was 6 months.The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD) was used to evaluate the efficacy,and Polysomnogram(PSG)was used to evaluate the electronic physiological mechanism.Results TIP had efficacy on reducing numbers of wake [before treatment (3.92±3.24),after treatment (2.38± 1.21),P＜0.05]、REM time [before treatment (86.75 ±28.29),after treatment (63.19±28.11),P＜0.01]、REM％ [before treatment (23.89±6.84),after treatment (16.16±6.36),P＜0.01].Citalopram had efficacy on increasing Sleep time [before treatment (350.52±50.71),after treatment (388.58±43.89),P＜0.01]、number of REM [before treatment (3.71±2.87),after treatment (5.17±5.58),P＜0.05]、S3+4 [before treatment (35.79±32.76),after treatment (56.77±34.21),P ＜0.05]、S3 +4％ [before treatment (10.13 ± 9.20),after treatment (14.53 ± 8.66),P＜0.05]、REM time [before treatment (66.39±29.22),after treatment(78.61 ±30.19),P＜0.05].TIP had superior to Citaloprarn on regulating numbers of wake and REM time.Conclusions Electronic physiological mechanism of TIP treating depression is to regulat numbers of wake,REM time,REM％.

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference in the clinical efficacy on infantile food accumulation treated with centripetal tuina therapy at spleen meridian site of different location.

METHODSSixty cases of infantile food accumulation were randomized into a palmar thumb surface group and a radial margin group, 30 cases in each one. In the palmar thumb surface group, the spleen meridian was stimulated with the pushing technique centripetally on the palmar side of the thumb. In the radial margin group, the spleen meridian was stimulated with the pushing, technique centripetally along the radial margin of the thumb. The traditional tuina techniques, such as tuisanguan, yun neibagua were combined in the two groups. The treatment was given once a day, 6 times a week, 12 treatments as one session. After the 1 session of treatment, the main symptom scores before and after treatment were compared in the patients of the two groups, the improvements in the accompanied symptoms were observed, such as appetite, defecation and tongue coating; and the efficacy was evaluated in the two groups.

RESULTSThe total effective rates were 93.3% (28/30) and 90.0% (27/30) in the palmar thumb surface group and the radial margin group respectively and the difference was not significant statistically in comparison of the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment, the main symptom score was improved significantly in the two groups, indicating the significant difference as compared with that before treatment (both P < 0.05). The improvement in foul breathing in the palmar thumb surface group was better than that in the radial margin group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBetween the two kinds of pushing techniques at spleen meridian site, pushing on the palmar surface of the thumb and pushing along the radial margin, there is no difference in the total efficacy on infantile food accumulation. Regarding the improvement in foul breathing, the effect in the palmar thumb surface group is better than that in the radial margin group.

Acupuncture Points ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Defecation ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intestinal Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Male ; Massage ; Meridians ; Spleen ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To discuss the clinical efficacy of Liu’s infantile tuina therapy in treating kid’s allergic rhinitis (AR).
Methods:Sixty eligible AR kids were randomized into a tuina group and a Western medication group by their visiting sequence, 30 cases in each group. The tuina group was intervened by Liu’s infantile tuina therapy, once daily, 5 times as a treatment course, with a 2-day interval after a course; the control group was by orally taking Loratadine. The therapeutic efficacies were compared and analyzed after treatment for 4 successive weeks.
Results:After treatment, the symptoms such as itchy nose, sneezing, runny nose, and stuffy nose were significantly improved in both groups (P<0.05), and the improvements in the tuina group were more remarkable than those in the Western medication group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 90.0% in the tuina group versus 73.3% in the Western medication group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion:Liu’s infantile tuina therapy can produce a better therapeutic efficacy in treating AR kids compared to oral administration of Loratadine.

Objective To compare biological properties of ehitosan composite artificial neural type Ⅰ collagen scaffold material cross-linked with ultraviolet rays (UV), genipin (GP) and glutaraldehyde (GTA) in aspects of uhrastrueture, porosity, swelling rate, degradation rate, crosslinking degree and cytotoxicity. Methods (1) According to different cross-linking methods, biomaterials were divided into three groups, ie, UV group, GP group and GTA group. (2)The mierostrueture of three groups was observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) to measure pore size, porosity rate and pore-size distribution. (3)Swelling rate and in vitro degradation rate:the biomaterials were weighed (W_0) after crosslinking and then immersed in culture medium containing 10 ml aseptic phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The samples were drawn from the culture medium after 24 hours, wiped with filter paper to remove excess liquid and weighed (W_1). Swelling rate(%) = W_1-W_0/W_0×100%. The remaining sampies from each group were weighed (W_2) at 4, 8, 12 weeks with the same procedure. Degradation rate (%) = W_1-W_2/W_1×100%. (4)Determination of cross-linking index: 10 samples were prepared from each group, five samples from which were reacted with trinitro-benzen-sulfonic acid(TNBS)and sodium bicarbonate and then were hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid. The absorbance of the diluted solution was measured at 346 nm. The other five samples were prepared by the same procedure, except for hydrochloric acid was added before addition of TNBS, when the absorbance was measured as control (A_(control)). The absorbance after crosslinking:A_(after)=ATNBS-A_(control). Another 10 samples without any crosslinking were detected with the same procedure to measure the absorbance before crosslinking (A_(before)). Crosslinkiag index = (A_(before)-A_(after))/A_(before)×100%. (5) Determination of cytotoxicity : two international standard experimental methods were adopted in the study according to experimental principle of GB/T 16886-ISO 10993 on medical apparatus. L929 fibroblasts of mouse were used for in vitro experimental study of cytotoxicity of modified scaffold. Results The biomaterials without any cross-linking were circular cylinder, with parallel arranged microscopic channel and uniform pore size of 30-120 μm. The pore size of UV group remained basically unchanged, while the pore size in GP group and GTA group was smaller than that in UV group. (2) The porosity rate in GP group and GTA group was higher than that in UV group, but there was no statistical difference between GP group and GTA group. The swelling rate of GP group was higher than that GTA group, which was higher than UV group. (3)The crosslinking index of GP group and GTA group were 55.3% and 82.5%. (4) No statistical difference was found in regard of in vitro degradation rate after GP group and GTA group were put in PBS for4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. But in vitro degradation rate in UV group was significantly higher than that in GP group and GTA group. (5) Cell culture in GTA group presented partial necrosis, while cells cultured in GP group and UV group grew well. Conclusion Collagen/chitosan scaffolds cross-linked with GP have sound biostability and good biocompatibility and hence are potential alternatives for nerve tissue engineering.

Objective To investigate the influence of sodium fluoride(NaF)on alkaline phosphatase (ALP)activity and bone gla protein(BGP)synthesis in yellow ligament cells from different surgical simples in vitro.Methods The human ligament cells were divided into three groups according to its sources,including normal yellow ligament cells(NLF)group(from acute traumatic thoracolumbar fractures with paraplegia in 7 patients),degenerative yellow ligament cells(DLF)group(from degenerative lumbar stenosis in 9 cases)and ossified ligament cells(OLF)group(thoracic yellow ligament from 8 patients).Twenty-four groups of cells were obtained under vitro cell culture by the method of tissue adherence.Different concentrations of NaF were added into the medium when the cells spread to the fifth generation.Then,the morphological changes were observed and ALP activity and BGP synthesis were tested.Results Human yellow ligament cells from different samples can proliferate and be passaged in vitro.The cell in ossific groups and degenerative groups were pleomorphic and could form calcium nodules.High concentration of NaF(1.0 mmol/L)can lead to cytotoxic reaction in all 24 groups.Low concentrations of(0.01-0.125 mmol/L)NaF can enhance the ALP activity and BGP synthesis in DLF groups while no effect was found in OLF and NLF groups cells under the same concentration of NaF.Conclusion The fact that fluoride can promote ALP activity and BGP synthesis in degenerative yellow ligament cells in vitro indicates fluoride may play an important role in inducing further ossification of human ligament cells.