AIM To examine the antitumor activity of clostridium difficile toxin A. METHODS Highly purified toxin A from clostridium difficile was obtained by bovine thyroglobulin affinity chromatography followed by ion exchange chromatography steps on Q sepharose. The antitumor activity of toxin A of clostridium difficile on TPC 1 cell line was studied with Vero cell line as the normal cell line. The estimating ways used in this study were trypan blue exclusion test, MTT calorimetric assay, membrane damage test using 3H Uridine and observation by optical, fluorescence microscopes. RESULTS Exposed to toxin A, the cell growth inhibition, apoptosis index, non adherent cells and membrane damage in TPC 1 cell line were much more great than that in vero cell line, and the effect was dependent upon the concentration and treating time. CONCLUSION The antitumor activity of toxin A on TPC 1 cells was much higher than that on vero cell line. The data are of potential importance for the development of toxin A and the exploration of antitumor drugs.

Objective To investigate the effect of diazepam injection on the degree of cervical dilatation, delivery outcome and negative emotion in the first stage of labor. Methods Retrospective study of 120 cases of maternal birth in our hospital as a study sample. Diazepam was used in the first stage of labor, and 60 cases of women with worse cervical dilatation and negative mood were selected as observation group, the other selected not to use any drug-assisted childbirth, only to take the basis of comfort and other interventions, the clinical symptoms and observation group were similar to 60 cases of maternal were classified as control group. The effects of the two groups intervention on maternal mood, delivery outcome and cervical dilatation were compared. Results The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 1h, 12h and 24h after treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Observation group Bishop cervix related degree of cervical dilatation, cervical soft and hard, cervix position, cervical canal disappearance and fetal exposure were significantly higher than those of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The rate of spontaneous delivery in the observation group (83.33%) was significantly higher than that the control group (56.67%), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in the rate of adverse childbirth in the observation group (11.67%) and the control group (10.00%). Conclusion The use of diazepam injection in the first stage of labor can effectively improve the overall maturity of maternal cervix, relieve maternal depression, anxiety and other negative psychological, and drug safety is high, and there was no significant adverse effect on the outcome of their childbirth.

Objective To investigate the characteristic changes of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) of normal hearing newborn and infants .Methods One hundred and forty -five cases (290 ears) normal hearing new-born and infants were enrolled for ABR test .Before that they passed the distortion product otoacoustic emissions and acoustic immitance test previously .According to age ,13 (26 ears) of 145 were included in the 1~7 days age group ,17 (34 ears) was in the 30~59 days age group ,20 (40 ears) in the 2~4 months age group ,19 (38 ears) in the 5~7 months age group ,17 (34 ears) in the 8~10 months age group ,18 (36 ears) in the 11~13 months age group ,12 (24 ears) in the 14~16 months age group ,13 (26 ears) in the 17~19 months age group ,16 (32 ears) in the more than 20~24 months age group .The control group was 20 (40 ears) normal hearing young persons (18~25 years old) .The variation of the peak latency and interpeak latency of waves were observed ,and compared with the normal young people .Results In 70 dB nHL click sound stimulus ,the peak latency and interpeak latency ofⅠ ,Ⅲ ,Ⅴ waves of normal hearing neonates and infants progressively shortened as they grew older .As they ap-proach 18 months or more old age ,their peak latency and interpeak latency of Ⅰ ,Ⅲ ,Ⅴ waves may be same as nor-mal young people .Conclusion With the growth of the age ,the peak latency and interpeak latency of Ⅰ ,Ⅲ ,Ⅴwaves of normal hearing newborn and infants gradually shortened .The reason may be related to the maturity of the auditory system .

Beijing ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Pathology, Clinical ; education

Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Microsatellite Instability

Objective To study the application value of parathyrod in situ exposure and protection in differentiated thyroid cancer thyroid carcinoma (DTC) surgery. Methods 500 cases of DTC admitted from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2014 were selected for the research. According to whether the parathyroid was anatomically exposed during the surgery, the patients were divided into experimental group (exposed group) and the control group (un-exposed group). Then, depending on tumor extent and risk factors, the experimental group were divided into group E1 (lateral affected glandular lobe, isthmus lobe resection and unilateral VI lymph node dissection )and E2 (total or subtotal thyroidectomy and bilateral VI lymph node dissection), while the control group were divided in-to group C1 (surgical treatment same as E1)and group C2 (surgical treatment same as E2). Patients’ postopera-tive nerve and muscle symptoms were observed, such as clinical manifestations of face, lips, hand and foot numb-ness or convulsions. Both preoperatively and postoperatively, patients’ parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium level indicators were detected before surgery and at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th and 28th day after surgery. Results The lymph node metastasis rate and number between experimental group and the control group had statistical insignificance (χ2=1.02, 0.79, P=0.14, 0.96). The recurrence rate of the 2 groups had no significant difference during the follow-up (χ2=0.23, P=0.65). Group E1 was significantly lower than Group C1 in postopera-tive parathyroid function decline rate, incidence of hypocalcemia and parathyroid mistakenly cut rate. Group E2 was also obviously lower than Group C2 in all these aspects. The difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Parathyrod in situ exposure and protection assisted by direct vision of the magnifying glass can re-duce the mistakenly cut rate of parathyroid and the temporary hypoparathyroidism, which can effectively avoid the adverse effects caused by total thyroidectomy.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanisms of synergistic effects of BFA and CDDP on human lung cancer GLC-82 cells, and to test the levels of PERK-ATF4 pathway. Methods GLC-82 cells were incubated with 50 ng/mL of BFA or/and 2 μg/mL of CDDP for 24 or 48 hours. The levels of PERK, p-PERK and ATF4 in GLC-82 were analyzed by real-time PCRand/or Western Blot. Results The levels of PERK were lowest in CDDP group, but higher in BFA group (P < 0.05), the highest in group of BFA+CDDP (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The p-PERK level decreased in group of BFA+CDDP (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). There was no significant change of ATF4 expression in CDDP group, but ATF4 expression increased slightly in BFA group, and increased further in group of BFA+CDDP (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01)which was also higher than that in BFA group or CDDP group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusions The upregulated levels of PERK and ATF4 by the combination of BFA and CDDP may be one of the mechanisms of synergistic anti-cancer effect of BFA and CDDP on GLC-82 cells.

Objective:To study the relationship between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N/L) and traditional cardio‐vascular risk factors among community 35~64‐year‐old residents .Methods :A total of 1884 residents (548 males and 1336 females) from urban Shenyang city received baseline condition questionnaire on cardiovascular diseases and re‐lated diseases from Apr 2011 to Feb 2012. According to presence of cardiovascular risk factors or not ,subjects were divided into healthy control group (n=675) and risk factor group (n=1209);according to number of risk factors , risk factor group was further divided into one risk factor group (n=491) ,two risk factors group (n=263) and ≥3 risk factors group (n=455) .Morning blood sample and urine sample were retained to measure blood and urine rou‐tine ,blood glucose and blood lipid profile etc in all subjects .N/L was compared and analyzed among all groups .Re‐sults:Among patients with only one of following risk factors [hypertension ,diabetes mellitus (DM) ,dyslipidemia and obesity] ,N/L levels of patients with hypertension or DM were significantly higher than that of healthy control group [1.55(1.15 ,1.95) ,1.60(1.21 ,2.07) vs .1.45(1.09 ,1.91)] , P<0.05 both ,and there were no significant difference between any other one risk factor group and healthy control group , P>0.05 all .Among risk factor sub‐groups ,N/L level of ≥3 risk factors group was significantly higher than that of two risk factors group [1.57(1.16 , 2.04) vs .1.41(1.07 ,1.89) ,P<0.05] ,and there was no significant difference between any other two groups (P>0.05) .Conclusion:N/L significantly related to hypertension or DM ,and N/L level of ≥3 risk factors group was sig‐nificantly higher than that of two risk factors group ,N/L is helpful to assess risk of cardiovascular diseases .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the activation of the complement system in the retina in a mouse model of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU).

METHODSBalb/c mice were randomly divided into control group and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced EIU group. Twenty-four hours after modeling, the expressions of the major complement components of the classical pathway (CP), mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway, alternative pathway (AP), and terminal pathway in the retina were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Western blotting was employed to examine the protein expressions of the key components of the complement system involved in the CP and AP pathways in the retina.

RESULTSs Normal mouse retina expressed a variety of complement components that were involved mainly in the CP and AP pathways. The expressions of the complement components involved in the CP and AP pathways were up-regulated in the retina of mice with EIU. Although MASP1 and MASP2 were detected in the retina in both the EIU and control groups, their expressions were weak and showed no significant difference between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONThe AP and CP but not the MBL pathways of the complement system are activated in the retina of mice with EIU, suggesting a role of the activated complement system in the pathological process of EIU.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Complement System Proteins ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Retina ; physiopathology ; Uveitis ; chemically induced ; physiopathology

Objective In this study, we aimed to translate and revise the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities( SDSCA) and the Confidence In Diabetes Self-care( CIDS) scales, to test the reliability and validity of the two scales in Chinese adult type 1 diabetes( T1D) patients. Methods In the first step, Chinese versions( C-SDSCA and C-CIDS) were developed conceptually equivalent to the English versions. And the investigation was conducted in 100 patients from Guangdong T1D Translational Medicine Study. 15 of them were randomly chosen to be retested 4 weeks later. Cronbach's α were used to assess reliability, and factor analysis to its validity. The relationship between scores of C-SDSCA and C-CIDS were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. Results The overall Cronbach's α of C-SDSCA was 0.72 and the retest reliability was 0.95( sub-scale:0.67-1.00) . 4 common factors were extracted by factor analysis, and the cumulative contribution was 87.39％. As for C-CIDS, the general Cronbach's α was 0.84 and the retest reliability was 0. 70 ( sub-scale: 0. 49-0. 86 ) . 6 common factors were extracted and the cumulative contribution was 75.41％. The score of the two scales was positively related(r=0.61, P<0.01). Conclusion The revised C-CIDS and C-SDSCA scales turn out to have good reliability and validity, and can be used as instruments to assess diabetes self-management efficacy and self-care activities of Chinese adult T1D patients.