Objective To study changes of dielectric properties of gastrocnemius caused by simulated weightlessness.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats tail suspended for 10 wk were observed together with its normal control.AC impedance of isolated gastrocnemius was measured with an impedance analyzer(Agilent 4294A).Effects of simulated weightlessness on electric properties of cells in isolated rat sural muscle were also observed by analyzing the dielectric numerical characters of the dielectric spectra,the Cole-Cole plots,spectrum of loss factor and loss tangent,as well as spectrum of conductivity imaginary part.Results It was found that simulated weightlessness could induce certain changes:both relative permittivity at low frequency ?L and relative permittivity increment ??,as well as conductivity at high frequency ?h and conductivity increment ?? were all reduced.The first characteristic frequency fC1 decreased,while the second characteristic frequency fC2 increased.Peak of loss factor,peak of loss tangent and the maximum of conductivity imaginary part were also reduced.Conclusion Changes of dielectric property of gastrocnemius induced by simulated weightlessness can be observed effectively by frequency domain impedance technique.

Objective To study the electrophysiological properties of rat skeletal muscle within the frequency from 100Hz to 100MHz.Methods The AC impedance of rat sural muscle tissues was measured using the Agilent 4294A impedance analyzer, then the electrophysiological properties of the normal rat sural muscle cells were established in the respect of cell dielectric spectroscopy, Cole-Cole plots, spectrum of loss factor and loss tangent.Results (1) The dielectric response of rat sural muscle cells was frequency-dependent, such as increase in frequency caused decrease in permittivity. At the same time the conductivity trended to arise; (2) The dielectric parameters(?_L,?_h,?_L,?_h,△?″_ max,△tg?_ max,f_ C1,f_ C2) cell fiber parallel to the applied electric field differed from that cell fiber perpendicular to the applied electric field; (3) The effect of alternating current electric field on rat sural muscle cells showed a dielectric dispersion phenomenon, representing two characteristic frequency: the 1 st frequency(f_ C1(∥)=f_ C1(⊥)=1.02 kHz) and 2 nd frequency(f_ C2(∥)=59.31 kHz,f_ C2(⊥)=380.04kHz). Conclusion The method for studying the electrophysiological properties of rat skeletal muscle cells was established in the respect of the frequency domain,providing a possibility for investigating muscle fatigue in the future.

AIM To examine the antitumor activity of clostridium difficile toxin A. METHODS Highly purified toxin A from clostridium difficile was obtained by bovine thyroglobulin affinity chromatography followed by ion exchange chromatography steps on Q sepharose. The antitumor activity of toxin A of clostridium difficile on TPC 1 cell line was studied with Vero cell line as the normal cell line. The estimating ways used in this study were trypan blue exclusion test, MTT calorimetric assay, membrane damage test using 3H Uridine and observation by optical, fluorescence microscopes. RESULTS Exposed to toxin A, the cell growth inhibition, apoptosis index, non adherent cells and membrane damage in TPC 1 cell line were much more great than that in vero cell line, and the effect was dependent upon the concentration and treating time. CONCLUSION The antitumor activity of toxin A on TPC 1 cells was much higher than that on vero cell line. The data are of potential importance for the development of toxin A and the exploration of antitumor drugs.

Objective To investigate ultrasonographic features,clinical and histopathologic characteristics of hydrometra in the elderly women.Methods Hysteroscopy endometrial biopsy,dilation and curettage (D&C) and Tao Brush were selectively performed for the endometrial cytologic and histopathologic diagnosis according to the depth of the hydrometra investigated by transvaginal sonography,endometrial thickness and high-risk factors of carcinoma of endometrium in 72 elderly women with hydrometra.Results Among 72 elderly women with hydrometra,9 cases (12.5％) were examined by hysteroscopy,51 cases (70.8％) by D&C and 12 cases (16.7％) by endometrial cytology along with D&C.Histopathologic examination revealed that there were 7 (9.72％) cases with endometrial carcinoma,2 cases (2.8％) with atypical endometrial hyperplasia,6 cases (5.6％) with endometrial benign lesion,14 cases(19.4％)with pyometra and the other 43 cases (59.7％) with normal and simple hydrometra.Conclusions Transvaginal sonography in combination with endometrial cytology are beneficial for screening of endometrial disorders or for drainage of hydrometra in elderly women,decreasing invasive examinations such as D&C.

Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Infant ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective: To explore the changes of working memory function and its risk factors in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Methods:We prospectively recruited 30 ESRD patients without dialysis and 23 healthy controls in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from August 2016 to December 2017. The n-back working memory task with different loads was used to assess their working memory function; the general information of all the participants, arterial blood pressure and uremic toxins of the patients were collected to analyze the risk factors of working memory changes. Results: The reaction time of working memory with different loads was significantly longer than that in the healthy controls (P<0.01), and the accuracy of 1-back was lower than that in the healthy controls (P<0.01). With the increase of memory load, the reaction time was increased while the accuracy was decreased. The interaction between n-back working memory load and grouping was not significant (P>0.05). The correlation analysis showed that serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and parathyroid hormone levels were negatively correlated with the accuracy rate of working memory with different loads (P<0.05). Conclusion: The working memory function with different loads was impaired in ESRD patients. The accumulation of uremic toxins might be the risk factor for the working memory impairment in ESRD patients.

AIM:To explore the dynamic changes of ET,NO,SOD and MDA in atherosclerosis obliterans(ASO) rabbits,as well as the effects of Tongxinluo Capsule(Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng,Hirudo,Scorpio,Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga,etc.)(TXL) and the candidate mechanisms. METHODS: Rabbits were randomly divided into 7 groups: sham,model,TXL(0.8,0.4,0.2 g/kg),Tongsaimai tablet(0.8 g/kg) and Laishike((0.002 g/kg)).The animal model of ASO was established with a combined method of mechanical trauma,immunologic injury and high fat fodder feeding.Rabbits were administrated the drugs for 8 weeks after surgery.The levels of ET,NO,SOD and MDA were determined at the time points below: pre-experiment,pre-drug administration,4 weeks after drug administration,8 weeks after drug administration,12 weeks after drug administration.The histopathological changes in iliofemoral artery were examined after opacification. RESULTS: TXL significantly extenuated the decrease in the caliber of the iliofemoral artery of the injured hind limb and decreased MDA content while increased SOD activity and NO content in serum. CONCLUSION: TXL might show effects on improving endothelial cell dysfunction,clearing free radicals and antagonizing lipid peroxidation,which might be the candidate mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of TXL for ASO.

AIM: To study the effect of Rongban Tongmai Granules on hyperlipidemia and atheriosclerosis in rabbits. METHODS: The model of experimental atherosclerosis was prepared by feeding high cholesterol and lipid diet for weeks.After 4 weeks,hyperlipidemic rabbits were randomly divided into five groups,model group,high,medium and low doses of Rongban Tongmai Granules and Shujiangzhi group,taking medicine for 8 weeks.Their blood lipid levels(TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,VLDL-C and TC/HDL-C) were measured before experiment,after treatment,for 4 weeks and for 8 weeks.After having been treated for 8weeks,lipid levels in aortic tissue and liver tissue were estimated,and pathologic changes in aortic and coronary arteries were also observed. RESULTS: The medicine could decrease TC,TG,LDL-C,VLDL-C and TC/HDL-C in serum,TC in liver tissue,and TC,TG in aorta tissue of atherosclerotic rabbits.It could also reduce aortic atherosclerotic plaque coverage of aortic initial surface,initial thickness,foam cells,and the average score representing the degree of coronary arteries stenosis. CONCLUSION: Rongban Tongmai Granules can lower lipid level in serum and related tissue,and prevent the formation of atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of decitabine on heat-shock protein 22 (HSP22) expression in hematopoietic tumor cell lines and bone marrow samples from patients with hematopoietic tumor.Methods The expression of HSP22 in 13 hematopoietic tumor cell lines,20 primary patients' samples and 10 normal donor' samples were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).After HSP22 induction with a demethylating agent decitabine (2 μmol/L),the methylation of the HSP22 promoters in hematopoietic tumor cell lines,healthy donors and bone marrow samples from patients with hematopoietic tumor were detected by methylation specific PCR (MSP).Results Expression of HSP22 was not detected in 13 hematopoietic tumor cell lines,20 primary patients' samples or 10 healthy donors' samples.Decitabine can induce the expression of HSP22 in hematopoietic tumor cell lines and bone marrow samples from patients with hematopoietic tumor.Decitabine can maintain partially demethylation of HSP22 promoters in hematopoietic tumor cell lines.HSP22 promoters were highly methylated in BMMC of the healthy donors and patients with hcmatopoictic tumor.Conclusion Decitabine can induce the expression of HSP22 in hematopoietic tumor cells partly by demethylation of HSP22 promoters.

Objective To study neuromechanism for uremic restless syndrome (URLS),functional MRI (fMRI) analysis and were used to explor main activity.Methods Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 29 patients with uremic restless legs syndrome and 25 healthy controls.The values of the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of the two groups were calculated and analyzed statistically.Result As compared with the control group,patients with uremic restless legs syndrome showed emotional and mental abnormality.Increased ReHo values in bilateral supplementary motor area,bilateral thalamus,left insular lobe,left hippocampus (P＜0.05),and decreased ReHo values in anterior cingulate gyrus,bilateral posterior central gyrus,right amygdala were found in patients with uremic restless legs syndrome (P＜0.05).The severity score of RLS was respectively positively correlated with dialysis duration (r =0.57,P =0.002),PTH level (r =0.419,P =0.033)BAI (r =0.528,P=0.006),and BDI (r =0.567,P =0.003).Conclusion Neuronal activity in related brain area in patients with uremic restless legs syndrome were found.This abnormality provides an objective diagnostic basis for the explanation of restless legs syndrome in maintenance hemodialysis patients.