Experience-oriented teaching approach was introduced into the bilingual course of medical imaging in order to improve the teaching effect.This approach was performed through English literature translation activities and scene-teaching.Meanwhile it points out that this approach has particular advantages in stimulating students' interest and initiative in study.

Objective To evaluate the teaching effects of case introduced method based on picture archiving and communication system (PACS) system in medical imaging course.Methods Totally 148 students (2009 grade) majored in five-year clinical medicine from Xiangya Medical College were divided into 10 groups; the 10 groups were taken randomly as control group (n=75) and experimental group (n=73).Control group used traditional teaching methods (film teaching) while experimental group used case introduced method based on PACS system.Effects of teaching between were evaluated by questionnaire and test.x2 test was used to compare students' theoretical test scores,with α level =0.05.Results Based on results of questionnaires,more students in experimental group than in control group hold that case introduced method based on PACS system can achieve the purpose of teaching,improve interests in learning,and strengthen the mastery of knowledge.Test scores showed that the percentage of students scored 90-100 and 80-89 (respectively 14％,75％) in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group (respectively 5％,66％) (x2 =17.932,P=0.000).Conclusions Application of case introduced method based on PACS system in medical imaging course not only improve students' motivation to learn and their clinical ability,but also allow teachers to find and correct shortcomings of students timely,therefore,it is worth promoting.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and prognostic factors for stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods From 2000 to 2010,474 patients with stage Ⅲ NSCLC undergoing 3DCRT were enrolled as subjects.Those patients,consisting of 382 males and 92 females,had a median age of 63 years.In those patients,211 had stage ⅢA NSCLC and 263 had stage ⅢB NSCLC;165 were treated with radiotherapy alone and 309 with chemoradiotherapy;55 were treated with conventional radiotherapy plus 3DCRT,340 with 3DCRT,and 79 with intensity-modulated radiotherapy;the median equivalent dose was 60 Gy (44-77 Gy).The Kaplan-Meier method,log-rank test,and Cox model were used for survival rate calculation,univariate analysis,and multivariate analysis,respectively.Results The follow-up rate was 96.6％.In all patients,the 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates were 63.0％,24.9％,and 17.8％,respectively;the median survival time was 18 months.The univariate analysis showed that sex,age,immediate response,radiotherapy method,fractionation scheme,chemotherapy,and radiation pneumonitis (RP) were prognostic factors (P=0.004,0.001,0.000,0.007,0.004,0.009,0.049).The multivariate analysis showed that sex,age,immediate response,radiotherapy method,and RP were independent prognostic factors (P=0.006,0.000,0.000,0.003,0.048).Patients with radiation doses of 60-66 Gy had the best prognosis of all.Conclusions In patients with stage Ⅲ NSCLC undergoing 3DCRT,female patients,patients at a young age,patients with satisfactory immediate response,patients treated with full-course 3DCRT,and patients with grade 0-1 RP have better prognosis than others.3DCRT combined with chemotherapy improves survival in patients.A radiation dose of 60-66 Gy is recommended.

Objective To investigate the effect of stromal cell-derived factor-1α( SDF-1α) and interleukin ( IL-1β) on inducing vascular endothelial cells to express lymphatic phenotype .Methods The CRL-1730 cell line was cultured and treated with SDF-1αor IL-1β.The expression of endothelial cell markers and lymphatic endothelial cell markers were investigated with Real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry .Results In CRL-1730 cell line, endothelial cell markers such as voln willebrand factor ( vWF ) , VE-cadherin , vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)2, were dose dependently down-regulated after SDF-1αstimulation, while lymphatic phenotypes such as Prox-1, podoplanin and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1(LYVE-1), were dose-dependently up-regulated after SDF-1αstimulation.The changes of vWF, VEGFR2 and podoplanin, Prox-1, LYVE-1 expression after IL-1βstimulation was similar to that after SDF-1αwhile expression of VE-cadherin changed slightly .Conclusion SDF-1αand IL-1βare able to induce vascular endothelial cell expressing lymphatic phenotype .

Objective To assess the therapeutic efficacy and prognostic factors in elderly patients with stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT).Methods A retrospective analysis of 124 stage Ⅲ NSCLC patients aged 70 or over who had received treatment with 3DCRT was conducted retrospectively in this study.There were 99 male and 25 female patients,with a median age of 74 years(range:70-84).The median dose was 60 Gy(range 50-72 Gy).Eighty-three patients were treated with radiotherapy alone,27 with sequential and 14 with concurrent radiochemotherapy.Results The end date of follow-up was August 30,2013.After 3DCRT,the 1-,3-and 5-year overall survival (OS) were 61.1％,23.8％ and13.2 ％,respectively,and the median survival time was 18 months.Univariate analysis revealed that gender,obstructive pneumonia,dosage,method of therapy and immediate effect were related to OS(x2 =3.957,6.398,7.147,12.307 and 11.035,respectively;P=0.047,0.011,0.008,0.002 and 0.001,respectively).Multi-variable analysis indicated that age,gender,obstructive pneumonia,dosage and method of therapy were independent prognostic factors for OS.The OS time was longer inpatients who were female,aged over 75,with no obstructive pneumonia or dosage≥ 60 Gy.Compared with radiotherapy alone,sequential radiochemotherapy increased OS while concurrent radiochemotherapy decreased OS.Conclusions Sex,age,obstructive pneumonia and dosage affect the survival of elderly stage Ⅲ NSCLC patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy.Concurrent radiochemotherapy should be considered with caution

ObjectiveTo analyze the application value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) in gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsTwenty-nine patients with esophageal SCC treated with radical surgery were analyzed.Routine CT scan,MRI T2-weighted and DWMRI were employed before surgery;diffusion-sensitive gradient b-values were taken 400,600 and 800 s/mm2.GTVs were delineated using CT,MRI T2-weighted images and DWMRI under different b-value images.The length of GTVs measured under different images was compared with the pathological length and confirm the most accurate imaging condition.Use radiotherapy planning system to fuse DWMRI images and CT images to investigate the possibility of delineate GTVs on fused images.ResultsThe difference of GTV length value between CT,T2 WI images and specimen was 3.36 mm and 2.84 mm.When b =400,600 and 800 s/mm2,the difference between GTV length value on the DWMRI images and on specimen was 0.47 mm,-0.47 mm and - 1.53 mm;the correlation coefficient of the measuring esophageal lengths on DWMRI images and the pathological lengths was 0.928,0.927 and 0.938.DWMRI images and CT images could fuse accurately on radiotherapy planning system.GTV margin could.show clearly on fused images.ConclusionsDWMRI images can display the esophageal carcinoma lengths and margin accurately.When DWMRI images fused with CT images,GTV margin could show clearly,it can be used to delineate GTV accurately.

Objective The purpose of this study was to establish and evaluate a mouse model of sepsis for studying the mechanism of sepsis and development of anti-inflammatory drugs.Methods The sepsis in mice was induced by cecal ligation and puncture ( CLP) .The survival rates, microbial load, liver and kidney damages, cytokines and pathological changes were detected to evaluate the mouse models.Results The death of mice was closely related with the ligated sites. The mice with 50%cecal ligation displayed about 40% of 12-day survival rate, however, all the mice with 75% cecum ligation died within 4 days (P<0.01).Compared with the sham surgery group, the mice with 50% cecal ligation had a high microbial load in the blood and abdominal cavity.Leukopenia was also emerged (P<0.001).CLP mice demonstra-ted elevated levels of serum ALT, AST and BUN (P<0.01).The levels of IL1α, IL6, IL10, MIP1α, MIP1β, and TNFαwere increased a lot.The liver and lung showed obvious pathological injury at 48 h post CLP.Conclusions The established mouse model of CLP shows typical characteristics of sepsis and is an ideal tool for further study of anti-inflam-matory drugs.

OBJECTIVE: (1)To obtain the perfusion parameters of hepatocellular carcinomas(HCCs), peritumour livers and normal livers by multi-slice CT(MSCT)and to investigate their characteristics and clinical significances;(2)To investigate the correlation among perfusion parameters, survivin expression, microvessel density(MVD)and pathologic grade of HCCs. METHODS: A total of 31 patients with HCC (5 well-differentiated HCCs, 17 moderately differentiated HCCs, and 9 poorly differentiated HCCs) and 10 normal liver were studied. All underwent CT plain scan, perfusion scan, and conventional enhancement scan of the whole liver using 16-slice spiral CT (Philips Brilliance 16). Perfusion parameters were obtained by time-density curves (TDC) of region of interest (ROI) through the perfusion scans. Tissue sections of HCCs and their corresponding peritumour liver tissues of the 31 patients were detected by immunohistochemistry (SABC methods) for protein expression of survivin and MVD, and 10 normal liver tissue sections were as used as negative controls. The correlation among the perfusion parameters, survivin expression, MVD and pathology grade were analysed. RESULTS: (1)The mean values of HAP, HPP, TLP, and HAI of HCCs were 27.50 mL/(min.100 mL), 19.37 mL/(min.100 mL), 46.87 mL/(min.100 mL), and 60.38%, respectively. The mean values of those of the peritumour livers were 14.93 mL/(min.100 mL), 55.70 mL/(min.100 mL), 69.63 mL/(min.100 mL), and 21.51%, respectively. The mean value of those of the normal livers were 12.22 mL/(min.100mL), 74.56 mL/(min.100 mL), 86.78 mL/(min.100 mL), and 14.00%, respectively. The values of HAP and HAI of HCCs were significantly higher than those of the peritumor livers and the normal livers(P<0.01), and the HPP and TLP of HCCs were significant lower than those of the normal livers(P<0.01).The increase of HAP and decrease of HPP of peritumor livers were both significant compared with that of the normal livers(P<0.05). The HAP, HPP, and HAI of HCCs were significantly different from those of peritumor livers (P<0.01)except TLP. (2) Survivin expression in HCCs was detected in 23/31(74.1%), which was significantly higher than that in corresponding non-cancerous adjacent liver tissues and normal liver tissues (P<0.01). Survivin expression was positively correlated with MVD in HCCs. (3) HAP values were significantly and positively correlated with survivin expression (r=0.932,P<0.01)in HCCs.(4)The values of HAP and HAI were correlated with the pathologic grade in HCCs, and those values were increased gradually(P<0.05) among well differentiated HCCs, moderately differentiated, and poorly differentiated HCCs. CONCLUSION CTPI can quantitatively reflect abnormal blood supply of HCCs, which will be helpful for the detection and differentiation of lesions. CT perfusion parameters well correlate with survivin expression, MVD, and the pathologic grade in HCCs, which illustrate that CTPI could hopefully be used to evaluate the angiogenesis and biological behaviors of HCCs prospectively, noninvasively, and dynamically.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Microvessels ; diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Perfusion Imaging ; methods ; Survivin ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

Chymosin is an important industrial enzyme widely used in cheese manufacture. To improve expression efficiency of recombinant bovine chymosin in Kluyveromyces lactis strain GG799, we designed and synthesized a DNA sequence encoding bovine prochymosin gene (GenBank Accession No. AA30448) by using optimized codons. The synthesized prochymosin gene was amplified by two-step PCR method, and then cloned into the expression vector pKLAC1, resulting in pKLAC1-Prochy. pKLAC1-Prochy was linearized and transformed into K. lactis GG799 by electrotransformation. Positive clones were screened by YEPD plates containing 1% casein. A recombinant strain chyl with highest activities and multi-copy integration which was detected by using specifical integration primers was chosen and fermented in flask. Prochymosin was expressed in K. lactis successfully. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the purified recombinant bovine prochymosin had a molecular mass of 41 kDa. After acid treatment, molecular weight of chymosin is about 36 kDa, the same as native bovine chymosin. Activity tests showed that the chymosin activity of the culture supernatant was 99.67 SU/mL after 96 h cultivation. The activities of chymosin were not prominent increased when galactose was used as carbon source instead of glucose, which proved that the fermentation of recombinant strain does not need galactose inducing. The recombinant K. lactis strain obtained in this study could be further used to produce recombinant chymosin for cheese making.
Animals ; Cattle ; Chymosin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Enzyme Precursors ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Kluyveromyces ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Protein Engineering ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics

A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of a child with X-linked hyper IgM syndrome (XHIGM) with cholangiectasis as a major manifestation in Children′s Hospital of Fudan University in March 2017.The patient was a 4-year-old boy who was admitted to the hospital due to repeated diarrhea for half a year and yellow skin for 5 days.No abnormalities were found in his fetal period and birth history; The patient had 2 severe pneumonias and suppurative infection of the left axillary lymph node in infancy.Physical examination revealed delayed physical development, severe malnutrition, moderately stained yellow, lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly.Laboratory examinations showed elevated leukocyte, eosinophils and C-reactive protein, low hemoglobin and albumin, high gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), low IgG and normal IgM.Imaging examination revealed diffuse expansion of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts.Hepatic pathology showed hyperplasia in the bile canaliculus and some fibrous tissues around the large bile ducts.High-throughput sequencing identified a pathogenic mutation in the XHIGM gene CD 40LG (exon5 c. 506A>G, p.Y169C), with his mother as a carrier.After admission, the patient was given anti-infection, diet adjustment, albumin, intravenous immunoglobulin and ursodeoxycholic acid.The patient was discharged after the improvement in his condition.This case suggested that in addition to the common infection characteristics, XHIGM can also be manifested as diffuse intrahepatic, extrahepatic cholangiectasis and significantly elevated eosinophil.c.506A>G mutation in CD 40LG was the pathogenic mutation of this disease.