Objective To study the clinical effect of laser therapy for patients with diabetic retinopathy of different stages,and to observe the prognosis,thus to provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods 103 patients(197 eyes) with diabetic retinopathy were selected,they were divided into group A(69 eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy) and group B(45 eyes of non proliferative diabetic retinopathy) and group C(83 eyes with severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy).All patients were treated with laser therapy,compared the improvement of visual acuity and retinal lesion of 12-18 months in each group and the final number of surgical cases needed.Results Visual acuity improvement:the total effective rate of group A was 69.6％ (48/69),which of group B was 91.1％ (41/45),which of group C was 78.3％ (65/83),the differences were statistically significant (x2 =14.216,12.132,8.316,all P ＜ 0.05).Improvement of retinopathy:the total effective rate of group A was 76.8％ (53/69),that of group B was 95.5％ (43/45),which of group C was 85.5％ (71/83),the differences were statistically significant (x2 =12.031,8.042,8.129,all P ＜0.05).9 cases needed surgical treatment in group A,accounting for 13.0％,1 case needed surgical treatment in group B,accounting for 2.2％,3 cases needed surgical treatment in group C,accounting for 3.6％,which of group A was significantly higher than group B (x2 =8.021,P ＜0.05) and group C (x2 =7.103,P ＜ 0.05),there was no statistically significant difference between group B and group C (x2 =0.632,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Laser treatment of different stages of diabetic retinopathy patients has different effects,choosing the right time to use laser therapy has great significance for improving the visual acuity and fundus diseases of the patients.

Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of retinopathy ( ROP) in premature infants and full term infants.Methods 563 premature infants and full term infants in Weihai Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University from January 2014 to January 2015 were selected,and the clinical data were retrospec-tively analyzed.Results 61 children with ROP,the incidence rate of ROP was 10.83%.Men incidence rate of ROP (10.68%) and female incidence of ROP (11.02%) showed no significant difference (χ2 =1.045,P>0.05).The gestational age >35 weeks, 31 -34 weeks,≤30 weeks neonatal ROP incidence rates were 1.53%, 15.04%, 35.71%,the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ2 =11.455,P<0.05).And with the smaller the gestational age,ROP incidence was higher.Birth weight >2 000g,1 500g-2 000g,<1 500g neonatal ROP incidence rates were 5.83%,13.46%,32.61%,the difference between groups was statistically significant (χ2 =10.733,P<0.05),and with the smaller birth weight,ROP incidence was higher.There was a close correlation between mechani-cal ventilation,apnea and ROP (χ2 =11.455,9.765,all P<0.05);the rate of cesarean section,multiple births, blood transfusion,premature rupture of membranes was not significantly correlated with the rate of ROP (χ2 =0.732, 1.175,1.542,1.782,all P>0.05).Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis,the independent risk fac-tors of retinal diseases for preterm and full-term children small for gestational age children were birth gestational age,birth weight,mechanical ventilation,apnea.Conclusion The age of birth,birth weight,mechanical ventilation and apnea are the risk factors of ROP.It should be attached great importance to the clinical treatment to prevent the development of the disease and improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To explore the intrauterine disorders that leads to infertility and sterility in women.Methods From March 1993 to March 2008,a total of 2077 patients with infertility received hysteroscopic examination at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital.Among the patients,531 were diagnosed with intrauterine abnormalities including primary infertility in 172(32.4%) cases,secondary infertility in 315 cases(59.3%),and sterility in 44(8.3%).The clinical data of these patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results The most common cause of infertility and sterility in the patients was intrauterine adhesion(231 cases,43.5%),followed by uterine deformities(152,28.6%) and endometrial polyps(88,16.6%).In the primary infertility group,the most common reason was endometrial polyps,which was detected in 38.4% of the cases(66/172).The rate was significantly higher than that in the secondary infertility group(6.0%,19/315) and sterility group(6.8%,3/44)(?2=80.7630,P=0.000;?2=16.0463,P=0.000).While in the secondary infertility group,intrauterine adhesion was detected in most of the patients(60.6%,191/315),that was significantly more than that in the sterility and primary groups(25.0%,11/44,?2=19.9232,P=0.000 and 16.9%,29/172,?2=86.0747,P=0.000,respectively).For the patients with sterility,the disease was caused by uterine deformities mostly(65.9%,29/44),which is significantly different from the other two groups(secondary group:25.1%,79/315,?2=30.5994,P=0.000;primary group:25.6%,44/172,?2=25.4673,P=0.000).Conclusion The major causes of primary infertility,secondary infertility,and sterility are endometrial polyp,intrauterine adhesion,and uterine deformities respectively.

[Objective]To investigate the relationship between neurogenic pulmonary edema(NPE)and the changes of substance P in serum and bronchoatveolar lavage fluid(BALF)in acute spinal cord injured rats during isoflurane inhalation.[Method]Thirty male SD rats with body weight of 300-330g were randomly divided into 3 groups:1.5% isoflurane group,chloral hydrate group and sham operation group,ten in each group.Epidural balloon compression of the T8 spinal cord was performed.Alt animals were sacrificed 10 min after being compressed.The content of substance P and protein concentration in serum and BALF were measured.Then the lung permeability index(LPI)was calculated.[Result]The content of substance P in serum and BALF in 1.5% isofiurane group was higher than that in chloral hydrate group(P0.05).[Conclusion]1.5% isofturane can stimulate the release of substance P to take part in the development of neurogenic pulmonary edema in rats.

Objective:To investigatethe transdermal delivery characteristics of methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) in vitro. Methods: Characteristics of MPH crossing nude rats skin were studied with Franz diffusion cells. A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was established to determine the concentration of MPH crossed the skin. The permeability coefficient (P), steady state flux (J) and lag time(LT) for MPH through the skin of nude rats treated with various enhancers were compared with those of control. Results: The permeability coefficient increased with the increase of MPH concentration. The penetration of MPH through nude rats skin was obviously enhanced by 8%Azone and 5%propylene glycol (P

We made our specific teaching program for these students with evidence-based medicine theory,according to their teaching characteristics. They studied the research methods of evidencebased medicine,and learned to search informations,write reviews,discuss clinical cases, design subjects under the guidance of teachers. Their scientific research ability was improved after these practices and training program.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of a COX inhibitor,flurbiprofen (Flurb) on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in rats and the action mechanism.Method C57BL/6 mice were randomized into sham,IR and Flurb (4 different doses) groups.The model of segmental (70％) warm hepatic ischemia was established in IR and Flurb groups.Flurbiprofen of different doses (5,7.5,10 and 15 mg/kg) was injected via the tail vein 20 min before ischemia.At different time points after reperfusion,liver cell necrosis and apoptosis were evaluated by HE and TUNEL staining.The COX and inflammatory cytokine gene expression was detected by using realtime PCR.Liver mitochondria were separated and mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore sensitivity was examined by using swelling assay and fluorescence spectrophotometry assay.Result In flurbiprofen groups of different doses,the serum AST and ALT levels were significantly decreased at 6 h after reperfusion as compared with IR group.Moreover,10 mg/kg Flurb pretreatment significantly inhibited the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore opening,and thus alleviated liver cell damage and prevented mitochondria-related cell death and apoptosis by inhibiting COX-2 and inflammatory factor genes expression such as IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α.Conclusion Flurbiprofen protects mice from hepatic I/R injury possibly by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition and IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α expression,which may provide experimental evidence for clinical use of flurbiprofen to protect liver function in surgical settings other than its conventional use for pain relief.

This report describs 2 domestic cases of tacrolimus poisoning in kidney transplant recipients due to overexposure of tacrolimus caused by nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Phenytoin sodium is prescribed for inducing CYP3A enzyme.It is intended for providing references for formulating and adjusting treatment protocols for tacrolimus overexposure and related toxicity in kidney transplant recipients caused by nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.

Objective:To explore the safety and effectiveness of medium-frequency electrotherapy for increasing the volume of the latissimus dorsi muscle.Methods:Fifteen adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, namely group A, group B, and group C, with 5 rabbits in each group. This was a self-control study, with the right latissimus dorsi muscle as the experimental group and the left latissimus dorsi muscle as the control group. The three groups corresponded to three different current intensity levels: 7.062 mA for group A (6th gear), 10.593 mA for group B (9th gear), and 14.124 mA for group C (12th gear). After the 12th, 24th, and 36th sessions of the experiment, ultrasonography was used to collect the thickness of the latissimus dorsi muscle. After the 36th electrostimulation, the latissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected to measure their in vivo muscle thickness and wet weight and were then sent for HE and MASSON staining.Results:After the 12th, 24th, and 36th electrostimulation sessions, ultrasonographic sampling in groups A and B showed an increase in the thickness of the right latissimus dorsi muscle compared to the left; for example, the thickness on the right of group B increased by 37.8%. The wet weight data collected after the 36th electrostimulation in groups A and B showed an increase in the right latissimus dorsi muscle compared to the left; for example, the wet weight on the right of group B increased by 5.04%.Conclusions:Different electrostimulation modes of medium-frequency therapy technology can induce muscle fiber thickening or atrophy. In this experiment, the 9th gear (10.593 mA) of medium-frequency therapy technology may be a suitable choice for inducing muscle fiber thickening, and the 12th gear (14.124 mA) may be a suitable choice for inducing skeletal muscle thinning.