Objective:To explore the association of different obesity measurement indexes on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in Chinese adult women.Methods:The data were obtained from baseline and follow-up surveys of the urban Breast Cancer Screening Program in Shuangliu District, Chengdu. A total of 441 adult women were included in the study. A questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory testing were conducted on the subjects. Multivariate logistic regression model, two-level mixed effects logistic regression model, and restricted cubic spline method were used to investigate the linear and nonlinear correlation between different obesity measurement indexes and serum CRP in adult women.Results:For every 1 unit increase in BMI, waist circumference (WC), and adiposity, the risk of elevated serum CRP or exacerbation of chronic low-grade inflammation in adult women increased by 16.5%, 5.0%, and 11.1% ( P<0.05), respectively. Both BMI and adiposity were nonlinear correlated with serum CRP. Using BMI=24.0 kg/m 2 as the reference point, serum CRP level increased with the increase of BMI when BMI >24.0 kg/m 2. Using adiposity=30% as the reference point, serum CRP level increased with the increase of adiposity when adiposity >30%. Conclusions:Overall, obesity reflected by BMI had the strongest association with serum CRP in adult women, followed by body fat content reflected by adiposity, and central obesity reflected by WC had the weakest association with CRP. Adult women with BMI >24.0 kg/m 2 or adiposity >30% are at high risk for obesity-related inflammatory manifestations.

ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of the nasopharyngeal microbiota in children under 5 years of age in Haidong City, Qinghai Province and analyze its associated factors, so as to provide basic data for the evolution and development of nasopharyngeal microbiota in children. MethodsA total of 230 community children from Haidong City, Qinghai Province were included in the study. Participants’ basic information was collected by local volunteers from parents/guardians at enrollment. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to identify the bacterial diversity and abundance of nasopharyngeal microbial community. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the characteristics of the nasopharyngeal microbiota, compare the differential species, and investigate the correlation with age. ResultsThere was no statistical difference in either Chao1 index or Shannon index of nasopharyngeal microbial communities among children with different ages (P>0.05). Besides, the structure of nasopharyngeal microbiota in children of different ages was different, either (P=0.020). Age, ethnicity and delivery mode, to some extent, could explain the differences in the structure of nasopharyngeal microbiota in children. There were statistically significant differences in the abundance of Dolosigranulum, Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium in the nasopharyngeal microbiota of children with different ages (P<0.05). Differential analysis revealed that Corynebacterium was found to be over-represented in children under 1 year of age, while Dolosigranulum was found to be over-represented in children between 2 and 3 years old. Furthermore, the results of correlation analysis showed that, Moraxella was positively correlated with Corynebacterium, Dolosigranulum and Streptococcus, but negatively correlated with Pseudomonas. In addition, a strong positive correlation was detected between the Dolosigranulum and Corynebacterium. ConclusionThe diversity of nasopharyngeal microbial community among children under 5 years in Haidong City, Qinghai Province is stable. However, there are differences in the species structure, mainly in the abundance difference of Dolosigranulum, Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium. This study provides basic data on the evolution and maturation of nasopharyngeal microbial communities in early childhood, which can provide a scientific basis for the early prevention and diagnosis of respiratory tract infections in children.

ObjectiveTo investigate the etiology and epidemiological characteristics of pneumonia in children of different ages, to better characterize the co-infection patterns of pneumonia and their association with severe diseases. MethodsChildren aged 28 days to 13 years with pneumonia who were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics, Dongyang People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province from April 1 to December 28, 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Oropharynx swabs were collected from the patients within 24 hours of hospital admission, and PCR tests were conducted for 18 respiratory pathogens. Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the status of viral and bacterial infection, patterns of co-infection in patients with different ages, and the risk factors for the outcome of severe pneumonia. ResultsA total of 2 191 hospitalized children with pneumonia were enrolled in the study. Severe cases were more common in children aged 5 years and older (53.3%) and in the second quarter of the year (46.5%). An average of (1.31±0.90) pathogens were detected in severe cases. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (44.4%, 973 cases) had the highest detection rate of pathogens. Streptococcus pneumoniae (21.7%, 476 cases) and rhinovirus (10.1%, 222 cases) were the most common bacteria and viruses, respectively, in hospitalized children with pneumonia in Dongyang City. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated positive interactions between different viral and bacterial pathogens. The adjusted OR (aOR) values for different respiratory pathogens in children with severe pneumonia varied significantly (all P<0.04). Among them, Chlamydia pneumoniae (aOR=9.74, 95%CI=2.36‒49.32, P<0.01), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (aOR=2.62, 95%CI=2.04‒3.37, P<0.01), and RSV (aOR=1.69, 95%CI=1.12‒2.54, P<0.01) were the risk factors for severe pneumonia. ConclusionIn the pathogen spectrum of children with pneumonia in Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province from April to December 2023, most viruses and bacteria exhibited positive interactions. Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and RSV maybe the significant risk factors for severe pneumonia.

The classification of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes is one of the core technical elements in the industry standard of Specification of Diagnosis and Therapeutic Effect Evaluation of Diseases and Syndromes in TCM. In the past，when clinical standards for TCM were formulated，the determination of TCM syndrome classification relied heavily on textbooks and expert experience，lacking systematic research. This approach thus failed to reflect the advancement and scientificity of the standards，thereby affecting their implementation and application. This article reviewed the presentation forms and technical methods of TCM syndrome classification，including the two-tier syndrome classification model with primary and secondary symptoms，as well as the application of modern literature research，ancient literature research，Delphi method，in-depth expert interviews，consensus conferences，and real-world research. When syndrome classification standards are developed，it is necessary to build upon modern literature research，adopt a mixed approach combining qualitative research and quantitative analysis results，and reach expert consensus through consensus conferences. Through systematic research，the scientificity，applicability，and coordination of TCM syndrome classification standards can be enhanced，providing guidance for the standardization of TCM.